ROMAN CATHOLIC REGIONAL HIERARCHY
STRUCTURE OF THE HIERARCHY
The basic regional administrative jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Hierarchy was
- and still is - the Diocese (headed by a Bishop), which regrouped several local
church administrations (Abbeys, Parishes, ...).
Some of these dioceses were "exempt" or directly subordinated to the Holy See, but
most were regrouped in Church Provinces. They then were subordinated ("suffragan")
to an Archbishop (or Metropolitan) of the province, who also was in charge of his
own diocese, having the rank and style of Archdiocese.
Sometimes, local units usually part of a diocese were - for political, cultural,
religious, administrative or historical reasons - also directly subordinated to the
Holy See. They then had quasi the same judicial position as a diocese and their
heads had nearly the same rights as a bishop.
These units included :
- Territorial Abbeys (or Abbeys Nullius), headed by a Territorial Abbot.
- Territorial Prelatures (or Prelatures Nullius), headed by a Territorila Prelate.
The Archdioceses, etc, were subordinated to different Sacred Congregations of the
Roman Curia.
VARIATIONS
There were two variations of this general structure :
- the hierarchy of the Churches of the Eastern Rites united to Rome
- the hierarchy in the Mission Territories
TITULAR JURISDICTIONS AND TITLES
To preserve the memory of ancient jurisdictions (Archdioceses, Diocese, ...) which
had ceased to exist for some reason (disappearance of a catholic jurisdiction in
favour of a reformed or orthodox church, muslim conquest, ...) the Holy See granted
their name as a honorific title to high clerical officials of the Church.
Although some names of Patriarchates (s.b.) and of Abbeys were used, most derived
from defunct Archdioceses and Dioceses.
Until 1882 the used style for these honorific titles was : "..., (Arch)bishop of
... in partibus infidelium (in the lands of the unbelievers)". Thereafter it became
"..., Titular (Arch)bishop of ...." (1)
The holders of such titular title had nearly the same prerogatives as residential
(Arch)bishops and were entitled to the same honors..
(1) Most of these Sees had been located in the Balkan, the Near East and
Northern Africa during the last period of the Roman Empire.
As many of them often had the same name, it became usual to add the
name of the Roman province in which they were located to the title
(hence Caesarea in Mauretania, Caesarea in Numidia, etc)
Other Sees were located in other parts of Europe (Diocese of Hólar in
Iceland, ...)
The Papal diplomats ussually had the title of a Titular Archbishop,
while administrators of mission areas and auxilary bishops had the
title of Titular Bishop.
CHURCHES OF THE EASTERN CHURCHES UNITED WITH ROME
Unlike the Christian Church in the West - which largely maintained its hierarchical,
spiritual and ritual unity until the Reformation in the 16th century - the Eastern
Church split into several "Rites" (2) and into different independent "National" or
"Ethnic" Churches. (3)
Starting with the Maronite Church in 1216, parts of these Rites and Churches later
wholly or partly united with Rome (for political or religious reasons). (4)
They then recognized the Pope as supreme head of their community, keeping however
their own organization and - above all - their own rites.
The Rites and the Churches, which wholly or partly united with Rome were :
(only the most important communities are listed - incomplete at the moment)
- of the Alexandrine Rite :
- parts of the :
- Egyptian (Coptic) Church
- Ethiopian (Ge'ez) Church
- of the Antiochian (Jacobit, West-Syrian) Rite :
- the whole Maronite Church
- parts of the :
- Syrian Church, with communities in Iraq, ...
- Syro-Malankara Church
- of the Armenian Rite :
- part of the Armenian Church, with communities in Poland, Russia, ...
- of the Greek (Byzantine, Orthodox) Rite :
- the whole Italo-Albanian Church
- parts of the :
- Albanian Church
- Bulgarian Church
- Georgian Church
- Greek Church
- Hungarian Church
- Melkite Church
- Romanian Church
- Russian Church
- Ruthenian-Ukrainian-Slovak Church (5), with communities in Canada, Poland,
Russia, Slovakia, Subcarpathia, ...
- Serbian Church
- of the Chaldean (Assyrian, Nestorian, East-Syrian) Rite
- part of the :
- Assyrian-Nestorian Church (syled Chaldean Church)
- Syro-Malabar Church
Ther Oriental Churches were under the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of
the Faith until 1917, when a separate Sacred Congregation for the Oriental Churches
was established.
The regional organization of the United Churches of the Eastern Rites was roughly
similar to that of the Roman Catholic Church of the Latin Rite, Archdioceses being
styled Archeeparchies (headed by an Archeparch), Doceses being styled Eparchies
(headed by an Eparch), etc.
The only major difference was that some of them - the most important - were grouped
at the highest level into Patriarchates, whose incumbents were the second highest
ranking church leaders after the Pope (6). These Eastern Patriarchates were :
- the Armenian Patriarchate of Cilicia of the Armenians
- the Chaldean Patriarchate of Babylon of the Chaldeans,
- the Coptic Patriarchate of Alexandria,
- the Maronite Patriarchate of Antioch and "all the East",
- the Melchite Patriarchate of Antioch, Alexandria, Jerusalem, and "all the East",
- the Syrian Patriarchate of Antioch and "all the East"
Some smaller communities were not part of a Patriarchete, but were directly subject
to the Holy See and were organized as Apostolic Exarchates or Ordinariates.
(2) Rites : the external way of living the religion (church-language, liturgy,
discipline, culture, etc)
Initially the West had also known several rites (African Rite, Celtic Rite,
...). But with a few exceptions - like the Mozarab Rite still in use in
Spanish Toledo - all were eventually replaced by the Roman or Latin Rite.
(3) These multiple divisions were partly a consequence of teological diffences,
but partly also of political oppositions, somethimes resulting in rivalry
between the churches. (The easy Muslim conquest of the Near East and
Egypte was partly made possible by the conflicts between the indigenous
Syriac and Coptic communities and their Greek Orthodox overlords)
(4) For the gropus which did not unite see
- Oriental Churches
- Orthodox Churches
(5) In this period little distinction was made between "Ruthenian", "Ukrainian",
etc, and all styles were broadly used for all Orthodox communities of the
Hungarian-Polish-Russian frontier areas that united with Rome.
More recently a distinction was made between :
- the Belarussian, Slovak and Ukrainian Uniates,
- the "real" Ruthenian Uniates including the Uniate communities in Poland
(the Lemko) and in Sub-or Trans)carpathia (the Rysyn and the Hutsul)
(6) There also were Western or Latin Patriarchs - the most important being the
Pope, who held the title of Patriarch of the West - but except for the
Patriarch of Jerusalem who had jurisdiction over part of the Roman Catholic
communities in the Near East, it was no more than an honorific title.
The other Western Patriarchs were those of :
- the East Indies,
- Lisbõa,
- Venezia,
- the West Indies
Titular Latin Patriarchates included Antioch and Constantinople, both
initially erected as residential Patriarchates during the Crusades.
The title was granted to high church officials.
MISSION TERRITORIES
Mission territories were those areas in Africa, America, Asia, etc which were under
the responsibility of the Sacred Congragation for the Propagation of the Faith.
Based on the importance of the converted communities in these areas, three levels
of hierarchy can be discerned :
- the Missions, headed by a Superior (7)
- the Apostolic Prefectures, headed by an Apostolic Prefct
- the Apostolic Vicariatess, headed by an Apostolic Vicar (mostly with the rank of
a Titular Bisshop)
(7) Some important mission did not become subject to a prefecture or a vicariat,
but remained an exempt jurisdictions (or Missions Sui Iuris).
__________________________________________________________________________________
INDEX OF COUNTIRES AND TERRITORIES
As - with a few exceptions, like post-revolutionary RUSSIA - the frontiers of the
Roman Catholic regional jurisdictions described above, closely followed those of
the internationally recognized political entitiess, these jurisdictions are listed
under the country or territory they covered.
Names of exempt jurisdictions are followed by *
Titular officials of before 1882 are also listed as Titular (Aarch)bishop of ...
Unless otherwise mentioned (18.. - 1945) the pages cover the period 1871 - 1945
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L -
M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X -
Y - Z - Å
AFGHANISTAN (1879 - 1945)
ALBANIA
ALGERIA
ANDORRA
ARMENIA
AUSTRIA
BAHAMAS (THE) (1848 - 1945)
BASUTOLAND
BELARUS
BELGIUM
BRAZIL
BRITISH GUYANA (1848 - 1945)
BRITISH HONDURAS
BULGARIA (1848 - 1945)
BURUNDI
CANADA (1848 - 1945)
CEYLON
CONGO BRAZZAVILLE (1848 - 1945)
CUBA
CYPRUS (1848 - 1945)
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
DANZIG / GDANSK (1848 - 1945)
DENMARK
DOMINICA (1848 - 1945)
EAST TIMOR (1848 - 1945)
ESTONIA
FAROER (THE)
FINLAND
FRENCH CONGO (1848 - 1945)
FRENCH GUIANA (1848 - 1945)
GABON
GAMBIA (1848 - 1945)
GIBRALTAR (1848 - 1945)
GREENLAND
GUADELOUPE
GUAM
HAITI (1848 - 1945)
HONG KONG
ICELAND (1848 - 1945)
IRAQ
IRELAND
ITALY
IVORY COAST / CÔTE D'IVOIRE
JAMAICA (1848 - 1945)
JAN MAYEN
JAPAN (1846 - 1945)
KLAIPÉDA
KOREA (1848 - 1945)
LATVIA
LUXEMBOURG
MACAU (1848 - 1945)
MADEIRA
MALTA (1848 - 1945)
MARTINIQUE
MEMEL
NEPAL
NETHERLANDS (THE)
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES (THE)
NEWFOUNDLAND (1848 - 1945)
NEW ZEALAND (1848 - 1945)
NORWAY
PHILIPPINES (THE) (1848 - 1945)
PORTUGAL
PUERTO RICO
RÉUNION (LA)
RUSSIA
RWANDA
SAINT PIERRE ET MIQUELON (1848 -1945)
SAN MARINO (1848 - 1945)
SERBIA
SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
SLOVAKIA
SPAIN
SPANISH GUINEA
SVALBARD
SWEDEN
SWITZERLAND
TIMOR LESTE (1848 - 1945)
TOGO
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO (1848 - 1945)
TURKS AND CAICOS (THE) (1848 - 1945)
UKRAINE
USSR
VATICAN CITY (1929 - 1945)
VENEZUELA
YUGOSLAVIA (ex-)
THE ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS OF THE PAPAL STATES AND THEIR
ANNEXATION TO SARDINIA/ITALY 1859 - 1870
In 1831 the Papal States were divided into 20 administrative units :
- Rome and the Comarca
- 6 Pontifical Legations :
- Bologna
- Ferrara
- Forli
- Ravenna
- Urbino and Pesaro
- Velletri
- 13 Pontifical Delegations :
- Ancona - Rieti
- Macerata - Viterbo
- Camerino - Orvieto
- Fermo - Civitavecchia
- Ascoli - Frosinone
- Perugia - Benevento
- Spoleto
After the events of 1848 - 1849 these units were placed under the authority of five
Extraordinary Commissioners, entrusted with the restoration of papal rule and the
maintenance of law and order. This reorganization was formalized in 1850 when all
units were regrouped into the five Legations of :
- The Marche
- The Coast and Campania
- Romagna
- Rome and its District
- Umbria
(Romagna and the Matche were under Austrian military occupation 1849 - 1859)
__________________________________________________________________________________
ROMAGNA
ADMINISTRATORS OF ROMAGNA 1848 - 1859
Romagna was the north eastern region of the Papal States. Until the events of 1848
- 1849 it was divided into four separate Pontifical Legations :
- Bologna
- Ferrara
- Forli
- Ravenna
ADMINISTRATORS IN ROMAGNA UNTIL 1848
(possible successors in 1848 not known)
Papal Legate of Bologna
Legato Papale di Bologna
1846 - 1848 Luigi Amat Di San Filippo e Sorso,
Cardinal Priest with the title of Santa
Maria in Via, also briefly Extraordinary
Commissioner for the four legations in
1848 1796 - 1878
Papal Legate of Ferrara
Legato Papale di Ferrara
1847 - 1848 Luigi Ciacchi, Cardinal Deacon of San
Angelo in Pescheria 1788 - 1865
Papal Legate of Forli
Legato Papale di Forli
1847 - 1848 Pietro Marini, Cardinal Deacon of San
Nicola in Carcere 1794 - 1863
Papal Legates of Ravenna
Legati Papali di Ravenna
1847 - 1848 Giuseppe Bofondi, Cardinal Deacon of San
Cesareo in Palatio 1795 - 1867
1848 Gabriele Ferretti, Cardinal Priest with
the title of Santi Quirico e Giulitta 1795 - 1860
In 1848 - 1849 the legates were replaced by agents of the revolutionary governments
ADMINISTRATORS OF ROMAGNA SINCE 1849
After the papal restoration of 1849 - 1850, the north eastern possessions of the
Papal States were regrouped into a Legation of Romagna, which was divided into the
subordinated Delegations of :
- Ferrara
- Forli
- Ravenna
Extraordinary Commissioners
Commissari Straordinari
1849 - 1852 Gaetano Bedini 1806 - 1864
1852 - 1856 Gaspare Grassellini 1796 - 1875
Papal Legates
Legati Papali
1856 - 1858 Camillo Amici*
1858 - 1859 Giuseppe Milesi Pironi Ferretti,
Cardinal Priest with the title of Santa
Maria in Ara Coeli, expelled 1817 - 1873
THE END OF PAPAL RULE IN ROMAGNA
CHRONOLOGY AND CHIEF ADMINISTRATORS
Chronology
1859
Jun 11 : Pro-Sardinian revolts in several Romagnian towns (Bologna, Faenza, Ferrara,
...)
Jun 12 : The Pontifical Legate and the papal troops were expelled from Bologna and
a Provisional Giunta seized power.
Similar events also occured in the other revolted towns.
Jun 22 : Expulsion of the last papal officials from Rimini.
Jun .. : The Giunta of Bologna became the Central Governing Giunta of Romagna. It
proclaimed the Sardinian King Dictator for the duration of the liberation
war.
Jul 11 : Arrival of the Extraordinnary Commissioner for Romagna appointed by the
Sardinian king.
He toke over from the Central Giunta on Jul 15 and appointed a Romagnian
government.
Sep 08 : A National Assembly [Presidente : Marco Minghetti (1818 - 1886)] proclaimed
the end of papal rule and the union of Romagna with Sardinia.
Dec 03 : Romagna became part of Central Italy.
Dec 08 : Romagna became part of Emilia.
Central Governing Junta (Jun .. - Jul 15 1859)
Giunta Centrale di Governo
(as Provisional Giunta of Bologna since Jun 12)
1859 -Camiillo Casarini 1830 - 1874
-Giovanni Malvezzi 1819 - 1892
-Antonio Montanari 1811 - 1898
-Gioacchino Napoleone, Marchese Pepoli 1825 - 1881
-Luigi Marchese Tanari 1820 - 1904
Sardinian Administrators
Extraordinary Commissioners (Jul 15 - Aug 02)
Commissari Straordinari
1859 - 1859 Massimo Taparelli, Marchese D'Azeglio 1798 - 1866
1859 Col. Enrico Falicon*, Minister of War
Governor General (Aug 02 - Nov ..)
Governatore Generale
1859 Col. Leonetti Cipriani 1812 - 1888
Dictator of Romagna (Nov .. - Dec 08)
Dittatore della Romagna
1859 Luigi Carlo Farini, also Dictaror of
Modena and Parma 1812 - 1866
MINISTERS (Jul 15 - Dec 08 1859)
Minister of War
Ministro della Fuerra
1859 Col. Enrico Falicon s.a.
Minister of the Interior
Ministro degli Interni
1859 Antonio Montanari s.a.
Minister of Justice
Ministro della Giustizia
1859 Luigi Borsari 1804 - 1887
Ministers of Finances
Ministro delle Finanze
1859 - 1899 Gioacchino Napoleone, Marchese Pepoli s.a.
Minister of Commerce and Public Works
Ministro del Commercio e dei Lavori Publici
1859 Ippolito, Conte Gamba 1806 - 1890
Minister of Public Instruction
Ministro dell'Instruzione Publica
1859 Cesaren, Conte Albicini 1825 - 1891
__________________________________________________________________________________
THE MARCHE
ADMINISTRATORS OF THE MARCHE 1849 - 1860
The Legation of the Marche was established in 1849 - 1850.
It covered the east-central area of the Papal States on the Adriatic coast. It was
divided into :
- the subordinated Delegations of :
- Ancona
- Ascoli
- Camerini
- Fermo
- Macerata
- Urbino and Pesaro (1)
- the subordinated Commissariat of Loreto.
(1) Until 1848 Urbino and Pesaro had been a legation of its own. The last
Pontifical Legate was :
1847 - 1848 Adriano Fieschi, Cardinal Deacon of
Santa Maria ad Martyres 1788 - 1858
In 1848 - 1849 Urbino and the delegations were governed by agents of the
revolutionary regime.
Extraordinary Commissioners
Commissari Straordinari
1849 Domenico Savelli 1792 - 1864
1849 - 1856 Camillo Amici s.a.
Papal Legates
Legati Papali
(It's possible that this office actually remained vacant during the whole period)
1856 - 1859 ...
THE END OF PAPAL RULE IN THE MARCHE
1859
Jun 11 : Pro-Sardinian revolts in many towns of the Marche (Fano, Senigallia, etc)
By Jun 16 most of the region - except Pesaro where Papal Delegate Tancredi
Bellà organized the antirevolutionary resistance - was held by the rebals.
Provisional Giunte seized power, proclaiming their union with Sardinia.
Jun 23 : The Papal reconquest of Fano marqued the end of the movement.
Papal authority restored over the whole Legation.
1860
Sep 08 : New pro-Sardinian revolts in towns of the Marche (Pergola. Urbino, etc)
Sep 11 : To support the rebels, Sardinian troops [Commander of the Occupation Army
of the Marche and Umbria (Armata di occupazione delle Marche e dell’
Umbria) LtGen. Manfredo Fanti (1806 - 1865)] invadede the Marche.
Several towns were occiped (Pesaro, Fano, Senigallia, etc).
Provisional Governing Giunte took power in the different towns.
Sep 12 : Lorenzo Valerio (1810 - 1865) became General Extraordinary Commissioner
of the Provinces of the Marche (Commissario Generale Straordinario delle
Provincie della Marche).
Together with the local Giunte he formed a provisional administration of
the area, gradually introducing Sardinian legislation.
Sep 29 : Occupation of Ancona, the last papal stronghold.
Nov 04
and
Nov 05 : Plebiscite : an overwhelming majority voted in favour of the annexation to
Sardinia.
Dec 17 : Formal anneation of the Marche to the Kingdom of Sardinia.
Dec 22 : The Marche was divided into four new Sardinian provinces : Ancona, Ascoli-
Piceno, Macerata and Pesaro-Urbino.
1861
Jan 19 : Commissioner Valerio ceased his activities.
__________________________________________________________________________________
UMBRIA
ADMINISTRATORS OF UMBRIA 1848 - 1860
The Legation of Umbria was established in 1849 - 1850. It covered the central part
of the Papal States.
It was divided into the subordinated Delegations of :
- Perugia
- Rieti
- Spoleto
Extraordinary Commissioners
Commissari Straordinari
1849 - 185. Girolamo D'Andrea, Titular Archbishop
of Melitene in Armenia II 1812 - 1868
Papal Legates
Legati Papali
(It's possible that this office actually remained vacant during the whole period)
185. - 1859 ...
THE END OF PAPAL RULE IN UMBRIA
1859
Jun 14 : Pro-Sardinian agitation in Umbria. A Provisional Governing Giunta seized
Power in Perugia and offered the dictatorship to the Sardinian King.
Provisional Governing Giuanta (Jun 14 - Jun 20)
Giunta di Governo Provvisorio
1859 -Nicola, Barone Danzetta (Presidente) 1821 - 1895
-Tiberio Berardi (Segretario) 1815 - 1890
-Zefferino, Conte Faina 1826 - 1917
-Francesco Guardabassi 1793 - 1871
Jun 20 : Perugia occupied by Papal troops. Papal authority restored over Umbria.
1860
Sep 11 : Sardinian troops [Commander of the Occupation Army of the Marche and Umbria
(Armata di occupazione delle Marche e dell’Umbria) LtGen. Manfrdeo Fanti
(s.a.)] started the occupation of Umbria.
Provisional Giunte or Commissions seized power in the occupied places.
Sep 14 : Occupation of Perugia. End of the conquest.
Sep 16 : Gioacchino Napoleone, Marchese Pepoli (s.a.) - appointed on Sep 12 - took
office as General Extraordinary Commissioner of the Provinces of Umbria
(Commissario Generale Straordinario delle Provincie dell’Umbria).
Together with the local Giunte he formed a provisional administration of
the area, gradually introducing Sardinian legislation.
Nov 04
and
Nov 05 : Plebiscite : an overwhelming majority voted in favour of the annexation to
Sardinia.
Dec 17 : Formal anneation of Umbria to the Kingdom of Sardinia.
It became a new province of the Kingdom.
1861
Jan .. : Commissioner Pepoli ceased his activities.
_________________________________________________________________________________
THE COAST AND CAMPANIA
ADMINISTRATORS OF THE COAST AND CAMPANIA
The Legation of the Coast and Campania covered the south western and coastal areas
of the Papal States. It included the Delegations of :
- Benevento (a Papal enclave within the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies)
- Frosinone (2)
- Velletri (before the events of 1848 - 1849 a Legation of its own)
(2) The Delegation of Frosinone was divided into two districts :
- the District of Frosinone, which covered Frosinone and the other places
within the Papal States,
- the District of Pontecorvo, covering the enclave of that name within the
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
Extraordinary Commissioners
Commissari Straordinari
1849 Giuseppe Berardi 1810 - 1878
1859 - 185. Tancredi Bellà s.a.
Papal Legates
Legati Papali
(The Legates of Velletri continued after 1850 as Pontifical Legates of the Coast
and Campania)
1847 - 1860 Luigi Macchi, Cardinal Bishop of Ostia
and of Velletri (possibly with an
interruption 1848 - 185.) 1770 - 1860
1860 - 1870 Mario Mattei, Cardinal Bishop of Ostia
and of Velletri 1792 - 1870
THE END OF PAPAL RULE IN THE COAST AND CAMPANIA
1860
Sep 02 : Pro-Sardinian revolt in Pontecorvo in favour of the union with Sardinia.
Sep 03 : Pro-Sardinian revolt in Benevento. A Provisional Government took power in
the name of the King of Sardinia and of Gen. Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807 -
1882), pro-Sardinian Dictator in Southern Italy.
Provisional Government (Sep 03 - Sep 21)
Governo provvisorio
1859 -Salvatore Rampone (Presidente),
self proclaimed (?) "Commissioner of
Garibaldi" 1828 - 1915
-Gennaro Collenea
-Giuseppe De Marco
-Giovanni, Marchese De Simone
-Domenico Mutarelli 1806 -
-Francesco Rispoli (Segretario)
-Nicola Vessichelli
Sep 21 : Carlo Torre (1812 - 1889) was appointed governor of Beneventp.
His task was to merge the former papal delegation and surrounding areas
taken from Naples into a new Sardinian province of Benevento.
Sep ..
or
Oct .. : Pontecorvo was occupied by retreating Neapolitan forces.
Oct 25 : Plebiscite in Benevento : an overwhelming majority voted in favour of the
annexation to Sardinia.
Dec 07 : Pontecorvo was reoccupied by Sardinian forces.
Dec 12 : Failed Neapolitan restoration attempt in Pontecorvo.
Dec .. : Plebiscite in Pontecorvo : an overwhelming majority voted in favour of the
annexation to Sardinia
Dec 26 : Pontecorvo was formally annexed to Sardinia and became a part of the new
Sardinian Province of Terra di Lavoro..
1861
Feb 17 : The new province of Benevento was formed. Torre continued as its governor
until Jul 16.
1867
Oct 28 : As part of the Garibaldian attempt to conquer what remained of the Papal
States, Gen. Giovanni Nicotera (1828 - 1894) occupied Frosinone and some
neighbouring places. (3)
A provisional government came to power.
Provisioanl Government (Oct 28 - Nov 05)
Governo Provvisorio
1867 -Cesare Tesori
-Nicola De Angelis
-Gianbattista Grappelli
-Francesco Ricci
-Filippo Turriziani
-Vincenzo Orlandi
-Luigi Ciceron
-Francesco De Persis (Segretario)
Oct 30 : Plebiscite in Frosinone : a majority voted in favour of the annexation
to Sardinia
Nov 05 : Papal rule was restored.
(For the events of 1870 s.b.)
(3) It's possible Velletri was also occupied and a ruled by Garibaldians in
this period. Additional information would be appreciated.
__________________________________________________________________________________
ROMA AND ITS DISTRICT
ADMINISTRATORS OF ROME AND ITS DISTRICT 1848 - 1870
The area known as Rome and its District (Roma e Circondario) covered the heartland
of the Papal States around the arcacapital Rome (historical Latium).
It was divided into :
- the Presidency of Rome and the Comarca (the city of Rome and its vicinity)
- the Delegation of Civitavecchia
- the Delegation of Orvieto
- the Delegation of Viterbo
Extraordinary Commissioners
Commissari Straordinari
...
Presidents of Rome and the Comarca
Presidenti di Roma e Comarca
(acted as Legates of Latium)
1847 - 1855 Lodovico Altieri, Cardinal Deacon of
Santa Maria in Portico, with an
interruption 1848 - 1850 1805 - 1867
1855 - 1860 Roberto Giovanni Roberti, Cardinal
Deacon of Santa Maria in Dominica 1788 - 1867
1860 - 1866 Giuseppe Arboreo Mella
1866 - 1870 Tommaso Maria Lupi
THE END OF PAPAL RULE IN ROME AND ITS DISTRICTS
1860
Sep 11 : Taking advantage of the Sardinian invasion in the Marche and Umbria (s.a.)
a gropu of Pro-Sardinian volunteers (the "Cacciatori Del Tevere") under
the command of Col. Luigi Masi (1814 - 1872) invaded Latium and occupied
the town of Orvieto. A Provisional Governing Giunta seized power in the
name of the King of Sardinia.
In the course of the following days other towns were also occupied.
Provisional Governing Giunta (Sep 11 - ...)
Giunta di Governo provvisorio
1860 -Col. Luigi Masi (Presidents) s.a.
-Carlo Bruschi
-Pietro Ferrari
-Luigi Orelli Luigi
-Polidoro, Nobile Polidori
-Odoardo, Nobile Ravizza
-Liborio, Nobile Salvatori
-Capt. Luigi Tantini
-Giulio Termini (Segretario)
-Carlo, Conte Viti
Sep 21 : Viterbo was occupied. A Provisional Governing Commission seized power and
proclaimed the end of Papal rule on Sep 22.
Provisional Governing Commission (Sep 21 - Oct 11)
Commissione Provvisoria di Governo
1860 -Palemone Giannini
-Angelo Mangani
-Emanuele Martucci
-Flaviano Polidori
-Filippo Salvatori
-Carlo Savini
-Angelo Viviani
Sep .. : Orvieto and the other occupied places were placed under the authority of
the Extraordinary Commissioner of Umbria (s.a.), represented by Provincial
Commissioner (for Perugia and Orvieto) Filippo Antonio Gualterio (1819 -
1874).
Oct 11 : The French ans the Spanish forced the Sardinians to evacuate the occupied
Latium, except Orvieto, whose history was now linked to that of Umbria.
(s.a.)
1867
Oct 28 : As part of the Garibaldian attemptto conquer what remained of the Papal
States Gen. Giovanni Acerbi (1825 - 1869) occupied Viterbo and some other
neighjbouring places.
A provisional administration came to power
Municipal Giunta (Oct 28 - Nov 07)
Giunta Comunale
1867 -Francesco Carnevalini
-Pietro De Rossi
-Francescano, Conte Gentili
-Giustino Giustini
-F. Papini
-Alessandro Pollidori
-Ermenegildo Tondi
-C. Vitarelli
Nov 07 : Papal rule was restored.
1870
(including the Coast and Campania - s.a.)
Sep 12 : Viterbo was occupied by Italian forces [Commander-in-Chief of the Roman
Expeddition/IV Army Corps (Comandante in Capo della Spedizione di Roma/
IV Corpo d'Esercito) LtGen. Raffaele Alessandro Cadorna (1815 - 1897)].
In the course of the following days, the other major towns (Civitavecchia,
Frosinone, Velletri, etc) were also occupied.
Their administration was entrusted to Provisional Governing Giunte (Giunte
Provvisorie di Governo)
Sep 21 : Rome was occupied by the Italian forces.
End of the Papal States (not recogbnized by the Pope)
Sep 22 : Formation of a Roman Giunta Provvisoria di Governo
Provisional Governing Giunta (Sep 22 - ...)
Giunta Provvisoria di Governo
1870 -Michelangelo Caetani, Duca di Sermoneta
(Presidente) 1804 - 1882
-Ignazio Buoncompagni dei principi di
Piombino 1845 - 1913
-Augusto Castellani
-Filippo Costa
-Pietro De Angelis
-Alessandro Del Grande
-Felice Ferri
-Carlo Maggiorati
-Raffaele Marchetti
-Achille Mazzoleni
-Baldassarre III Odescalchi, Principe del
Sacro Romano Impero e Conte Palatino,
Duca di Bracciano, Duca del Sirmio,
Principe di Bassano, Conte di Pisciarelli,
Signore di Palo, etc 1844 - 1909
-Principe Francesco Cesare Pallavicini,
Principe di Gallicano, Marchese di Colonna,
etc 1828 - 1887
-Francesco Pallavicini
-Biagio Placidi
-Emanuele Ruspoli 1837 - 1899
-Francesco Sforza Cesarini, Principe di
Genzano, Duca di Segni, Duca di Civitalavinia,
Duca di Torricella, Duca di Ginestra,
Marchese d’Ardea, Marchese di Varzi e
Menconico Cella, Marchese di Frasso, Conte di
Santa Fiora, Signore di Montecorsaro, etc 1840 - 1899
-Vincenzo Tancredi
-Vincenzo Tittoni
Oct 02 : Plebiscite : an overwhelming majority voted in favour of the annexation
of Latium, the Coast and Campania to Italy.
Oct 09 : Formal annexation of the former Papal States to Italy.
On the same day ArmyGen. Alfonso Ferrero Della Marmora (1804 - 1878) was
appointed Lieutenant General of the King for Rome and the Roman Provinces
(Luogotenente Generale del Re per Roma e le Province Romane).
He took office on Oct 11.
Oct 15 : The annexed areas were regrouped into the new Italian province of Rome.
1871
Jan 25 : Lieutenant General Della Marmora ceased his activities.