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Martín Fierro by José Hernández Verses extracted cover his opinion about italians, verbal duel, advice to his sons... It is written as gaucho spoke, so it is not suited for learners of Spanish

Jesuits Empire by Leopoldo Lugones The chapter extracted covers the years after the expulsion of Jesuits, It shows how indians got involved in sorrounding conflicts and wars . The missions were outstanding in many ways, for example, the first printing machine manufactured in all South America was made by those indians in the forest, this printing machine, which Lugones called a magic offspring of the rain forest, was the only one existing here for years.

An excursion to Ranquel Indians. by Lucio V. Mansilla Having in mind his project of visiting the place where indians lived, Mansilla risking his health won their confidence. These are different indians of those of the missions, and different century also. They had been pushed out of Chile, had crossed the Andes and had invaded the plains. They used to steal cattle and take captives, every indian family had at least one captive working as slave. A line of forts was set to protect the farmers, it was called the frontier. This is the frontier mentioned in Martín Fierro

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Alberdi visits San Martín in Paris. By Juan Bautista Alberdi. Vivid portrait of independence hero made by the man who would set the basis for government organization of Argentina. This was the encounter of the man of Argentine independence and the man of Argentine organization. Unfortunately San Martín was by then retired since long ago and Alberdi was still too young. They were also separated by their respective perception of political situation in Argentina, from his distant point of view San Martín hadnīt a negative position regarding Rosasī government, conversely Alberdi was exiled because of Rosas. If Alberdiīs public career had been contemporary of San Martínīs, Argentina could have avoided sixty years of civil war. It is interesting to note that San Martín lived more time in France than in Argentina, he left the country after the independence war because he didnīt want to get involved in the civil war

Mar Dulce The discovery of Río de la Plata. By Roberto Payró. The first encounter between Europeans and Americans in this part of the world when arrived the expedition that discovered our river. Was it a trap? or maybe indians missunderstood some movement ?

Independence war was turning in civil war when Juana Goriti was born. Her father commanded one of Güemes armies, her uncle representing the Province of Salta had sworn and signed Declaration of Independence in the Congress of Tucumán. In her memoirs she portraits Güemes and his wife. Güemes must not be confused with the many other strong men that followed, who fighted each other as feudal lords. Güemes succesfully kept the hottest border during independence war. Author reflects on the sadness of civil war which so deeply affected her.
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First foundation of Buenos Aires. By Alberto Larreta. Expectations and frustration of first settlers. The extract remarks ironically the contrast between conquerorsī expectations and reality, which couldnīt be bigger. The place sorrounding Río de la Plata, River Plate, was extremely hostile to Europeans.