PART SEVEN: THE DANGERS OF GREEN ENERGY.

ONE: GREEN ENERGY'S BOOST TO GLOBAL BURNING.

The previous chapter gave a short summary of the overall geophysiological impact of each form of alternative energy. The first section of this chapter summarizes the overall impact of all forms of alternative energy on the Earth's Photosynthetic capacity. The second section highlights the threats posed by alternative energy to Animals, and the third section explores the implications of alternative energy for green politics.

7.1.1: The Pollution released by Alternative Energy.

7.1.1.1: The Change in Greenhouse Emissions brought about by the Sources of Alternative Energy.

Some sources of alternative energy do not release greenhouse gases. However, the creation of these sources of energy involves razing of Forests thereby releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Although green ideology proposes that Phytomass/biomass energies are greenhouse neutral this is not the case. Whilst it is true that greenhouse emissions from Phytomass/biomass are equal to the amount of greenhouse gases absorbed during the growing season, the deforestation carried out to create Phytomass energy plantations releases so much greenhouse emissions the plantation could never absorb by these gases. Phytomass plantations are heavily dependent on fossil fuels such as fertilisers, pesticides, etc, which boosts emissions of greenhouse gases.

7.1.1.2: The Change in Greenhouse Emissions brought about by the Conversion of Alternative Energy.

7.1.1.2.1: Greenhouse Emissions from Deforestation.

The creation of district heating systems, alternative power stations, alternative biofuel refineries, etc, destroys Forests and releases greenhouse gases. The area of land destroyed for the conversion of green energies would not be as extensive as that required for the sources of green energy.

7.1.1.2.2: The Change in Greenhouse Emissions brought about by the Centralization of Alternative Energy.

Alternative forms of energy generated through capital intensive, highly centralized, mass construction, projects release more greenhouse gases than small-scale, decentralized projects. Centralized forms of alternative energy cause more deforestation and thus greenhouse emissions, than decentralized forms of alternative energy. The construction of a solar power station may require extensive deforestation whereas decentralized forms of solar power tend to be attached to domestic dwellings where no additional geophysiological damage is done. A solar panel installed on a roof has no effect on the Earth's Photosynthetic capacity but one installed in the back gardens would.

7.1.1.3: The Change in Greenhouse Emissions brought about by the Transmission of Alternative Energy.

7.1.1.3.1: Leaks from Biogas Pipelines.

Leaks from natural gas pipelines are so bad they undermine the benefits of switching from oil to natural gas. Leaks from biogas pipelines could be as bad as that for natural gas thereby boosting the greenhouse effect. However, leaks of hydrogen would have no effect on greenhouse emissions.

7.1.1.3.2: The Change in Greenhouse Emissions brought about by the Centralization of Alternative Energy.

Once again, the decentralization-centralization factor has an influence on the release of greenhouse gases. The more centralized the source of alternative energy, the greater the need for pipeline networks/electricity grids which boost greenhouse emissions. The more decentralized the production of alternative energy, the fewer the greenhouse emissions. The more extensive the transmission of energy, the greater the losses involved when energy is fed into the national electricity grid or the gas/oil pipeline network. It has been estimated that when alternative energies generate steam to drive electricity turbines and then distribute electricity via an electricity grid, on average, about 60% of the energy input is wasted firstly, through the dumping of huge quantities of hot water and, secondly, through electricity losses during transmission. However, thermal pollution from electricity grids has little impact on the climate.

7.1.1.4: The Change in Greenhouse Emissions brought about by the Consumption of Alternative Energy.

The consumption of many forms of alternative energy do not release greenhouse gases. For the greenhouse gases released by Phytomass see the 'greenhouse neutral' hypothesis explored in the previous chapter.

7.1.1.5: The Change in Greenhouse Emissions brought about by the Industrial Matrix Propping up Alternative Energy.

Alternative forms of energy are propped up by the mining, quarrying, processing, manufacturing, construction, chemical, water, retailing, disposal, and transport, industries - to mention only the most obvious industries. The creation of these industries involves the decimation of Forests releasing greenhouse emissions. If the matrix of industries is still reliant on fossil fuels they release further greenhouse gases. However, if they used solar/hydrogen, greenhouse emissions would drop significantly. The introduction of biofuels for vehicles would not lead to a substantial reduction in the release of greenhouse gases because the biggest contribution vehicles make to climate change is not through exhaust emissions but through the geophysiological damage caused by the matrix of industrial support. It is not true that, "Over a third of the energy-take of the automobile comes from its production and maintenance and about 60% from the fuel used to run it." Where fossil fuels continue to be used for the mining for raw materials, the manufacture of equipment/machines, the construction of factories, and the transport infrastructure i.e. the roads, service stations, garages, insurance company office blocks, etc, then the release of greenhouse gases could be considerable. Thus, even if technologists invented engines that could run on butterfly milk producing no pollution, it would not eliminate the danger of global warming. Cars are the culprit not the fuel. No transport fuel, no matter how pollution free can be green since vehicles are dependent on the matrix of industries - one of the biggest causes of environmental degradation. However, if the matrix of industries used hydrogen there would be a drop in greenhouse emissions.

7.1.1.6: The Change in Greenhouse Emissions brought about by the Products Produced by Alternative Energy.

The more that alternative energy dominates the global economy, the more responsibility it must take for the greenhouse gases released by the manufacture and consumption of the products using these forms of energy. These industries and products could be called the matrix of consumption. For example, the car has enabled people to live further and further from city centres and places of work so it can be blamed for the greenhouse gases released by the creation of suburbs. If cars fuelled by alternative energy enable this trend to continue then alternative energy would have to take some of the blame for the creation of new suburbs.

7.1.1.7: Conclusions.

The switch to alternative energies could reduce greenhouse gas emissions if the matrix of industries relies on solar/hydrogen energies and if these energies were consumed in a decentralized fashion. However, there is a centrifugal force at work here in that the use of solar/hydrogen will almost certainly lead to the centralization of alternative energy. The more centralized the generation of alternative energy, the greater the emissions. But, even if alternative energies could bring about a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions this does not justify their introduction since a factor that greens seem incapable of recognizing must also be taken into account when assessing the impact of energy on the climate i.e. the damage that alternative energies inflict on the Earth's Photosynthetic capacity.

7.1.2: The Geophysiological Damage caused by Alternative Energy.

It is possible that alternative energy could not merely fail to reduce the current scale of Photosynthetic devastation caused by fossil fuels but increase it. Even if the widescale adoption of solar/hydrogen energies significantly reduced greenhouse gas emissions, alternative energy could still cause a considerable amount of damage to the Earth's Photosynthetic capacity - the Earth's life support, and climate stabilization, system. As an indication of the scale of the damage which could be caused, it has been estimated that, as far as the changeover to alternative fuels for the car industry is concerned, "It will cost $55 billion to set up a methanol supply infrastructure - everything from production plants to forecourt pumps - in the u.s. alone." Alternative energy could prove to be every bit as destructive as fossil fuels. The following sections highlight the most prominent types of geophysiological devastation caused by alternative energy.

7.1.2.1: The Reduction in Photosynthesis brought about by the Sources of Alternative Energy.

7.1.2.1.1: Solar Power Stations.

Deserts and other so-called 'derelict' land could be covered in solar power stations, "Forty years from now, solar thermal plants may stretch across the deserts of the US, North Africa and central Asia. Hydrogen fuel ... can be manufactured in desert solar plants and shipped by pipeline to run automobiles in distant cities." ; "Within two decades or less we may see thousands of square kilometres of the sahara and kazakhstan, of arizona and chile, covered with photovoltaic collectors." The use of deserts would minimize Photosynthetic damage but would not avert it. It has been alleged the amount of land suffocated by solar power stations in america would be insignificant, "A 1,000-megawatt solar thermal facility would require 24 square kilometres of land. Meeting all u.s. electricity needs with this technology would thus require about 29,000 square kilometres, an area one tenth the size of arizona." However, it is not known whether this calculation also includes the back-up alternative supplies of energy needed for times of peak electricity demand and it is not known whether this calculation also includes transmission losses. The amount of land in europe which would have to be covered in solar cells to meet current energy consumption would be considerable.

7.1.2.1.2: Tree Plantations.

The various types of Tree plantation cover 12 million hectares around the world. This could increase significantly if alternative fuels gained in popularity. Tree plantations cause geophysiological damage by suffocating the land which is unable to absorb as substantial an amount of Carbon as natural Forests.

7.1.2.1.3: Energy Crops. Vast areas of land might be covered in crops to provide energy for consumers, and perhaps even supergreens, to drive to out of town hypermarkets. This has already happened in brazil where sugar cane is grown to produce ethanol and is starting to happen in europe where oil rape seed is an increasingly common sight in many countries. Every unexpropriated bit of land around the world could end up being covered in monocultural energy crops to meet the ever-growing demands for this 'environmentally-friendly' form of energy. One so-called green gleefully calls for the expropriation of marginal lands without seeming to be in the slightest bit concerned about the destructive impact this would have on the Earth's life support system, "One promising approach is to grow energy crops on marginal lands not currently used for food." Increasing agricultural productivity in europe and america has created huge areas of surplus agricultural land but, rather than being allowed to return to Wilderness, pharmers are being encouraged to grow energy crops.

7.1.2.1.4: Factory Pharm Bacteriological Crops.

The factories growing Phytomass for energy would suffocate the Photosynthetic capacity of the land on which they are sited.

7.1.2.1.5: Hydroelectric Power.

According to fred pearce, an area of land the size of the north sea has been inundated by reservoirs created by the construction of superdams. How much of this land was Forested before it was inundated is not known so the exact level of geophysiological damage cannot be estimated. However, just as critical is the fact that this land cannot be Reforested to combat global burning. A second, and by no means insignificant, source of geophysiological destruction is caused by the accumulation of silt behind dams which prevents the growth of aquatic Vegetation in the hydro-electric reservoirs. Photosynthesis occurs in reservoirs but not to the same extent as took place when the land was covered in Trees. Further geophysiological damage is caused by the deforestation of the Trees surrounding the dam, "Dams flood forests. The irony is that the silt washed down from the deforested slopes of the river basin chokes dams, so that dams which bring deforestation are themselves incapacitated by it." A fourth source of Photosynthetic damage is caused by the accumulation of sediments behind dams. This prevents silt containing many vital nutrients from being washed downstream and deposited on the land. This reduces the fertility of the land causing a decrease in Photosynthetic activity, "This trapped silt, which is rich in nutrients, is prevented from enriching lands downstream. For example the gradual depletion of agricultural productivity downstream from the aswan dam in egypt is well documented." Whilst many greens admit that large scale hydro-electric projects have caused considerable geophysiological damage they still support small scale projects even though this will add to the geophysiological damage. Most of the world's major rivers have now been dammed so what their policy amounts to is a demand to dam all the world's rivers. Greenpeace, the green party and friends of the Earth, all support the damming of the world's smaller rivers to complete oomans' domination over the terrestrial water cycle.

7.1.2.1.6: Wind Power.

The spread of wind power stations would reduce the Photosynthetic capacity of huge areas of land. Although wind pharms would not suffocate the land's Photosynthetic capacity in the same way as solar power stations, they would still prevent the growth of Trees or Forests, "Although wind farms that produce an equivalent amount of power (to the 1,000-megawatt solar thermal facility mentioned above) would cover a wider area, they would not really occupy the land in the same way; indeed, cattle grazing and other activities could go on as before." In some areas of the world, the amount of land occupied by wind pharms is far greater than that required by conventional power stations producing the same amount of electricity. Dti figures on the electricity generated by 103 turbines at europe's largest wind farm at llandinam .. "show that a wind farm would take a year to produce the same power as that generated by an average-sized power station in two days."

7.1.2.1.7: Conclusions.

Greens rarely acknowledge the damage that alternative energy inflicts on the Earth's Photosynthetic capacity, its life support system. They assume it to be small and irrelevant. In an article on the benefits of the increasing cheapness of photovoltaic cells christopher flavin argues, "The amount of land required for renewable energy development is surprisingly modest. The land needed for solar and wind development is in each case small enough that environmentally sensitive areas can be withheld from development without significantly diminishing the available energy." This statement may seem reasonable but it is little more than greenwash given that the author celebrates the decreasing costs of solar cells enabling the middle classes to build holiday homes in Wilderness areas. It is appalling that 'greens' go around promoting solar cells as a means of protecting Wilderness areas when all they are doing is putting even more development pressure on such areas - as if these areas aren't under enough pressure from the loonies in the wise (mis)use movement.

7.1.2.2: The Reduction in Photosynthesis brought about by the Conversion of Alternative Energy.

The construction of district heating systems, alternative power stations, alternative biofuel refineries, etc, suffocates the Earth's life support system. However, these would not suffocate anything like the same amount of land as that caused during the generation of alternative energy.

7.1.2.3: The Reduction in Photosynthesis brought about by the Transmission of Alternative Energy.

7.1.2.3.1: The Geophysiological Damage Caused by the Centralization of Alternative Energy.

The more centralized the source of alternative energy, the more extensive the transmission of energy, the greater the geophysiological damage. Conversely, the more decentralized the generation of energy, the smaller the transmission system, the smaller the destruction of the Earth's Photosynthetic capacity. Only decentralized forms of alternative energy minimize the damage to the Earth's life support system. Back garden wind power devices, passive rooftop solar heating systems, domestic photovoltaic cells, etc., entail virtually no transmission costs and so have much less impact on the Earth's life sustaining processes than their centralized counterparts. Decentralized energy supply would bring about a reduction in the total amount of energy that would need to be produced in centralized systems because no energy is lost in transit. Unfortunately, decentralized energy by itself simply could not meet anything more than a small proportion of current energy demands.

7.1.2.3.2: The Dovetailing of the Fossil Fuel and Green Energy Industries.

Alternative energies could replace fossil fuels in the extensive transmission networks found in the over-industrialized world i.e. * the transmission of bioliquids would replace the transmission of oil in the global oil pipeline network, * the transmission of biogas would replace natural gas in the global gas pipeline network, * alternative electricity would replace fossil-fuelled energy in the electrical grid, and * biofuels would take over from fossil fuels in the transportation infrastructure i.e. the road network, the car/lorry industries, fuel filling stations, the manufacture of gas/oil cans/cylinders, etc. If alternative energies just slot themselves into the place currently occupied by nuclear and fossil fuels all that would have taken place is an energy coup d'etat which will maintain similar levels of geophysiological damage, "Schemes for large scale hydroelectric dams, tidal barrages and monocultures of crops will only perpetuate the errors inherent in a high energy society and should therefore be avoided." Just as natural gas fuelled cars are paving the way for biogas/hydrogen fuelled cars, so there is the danger that alternative energy will maintain the fossil fuelled infrastructure without fossil fuels. Most forms of alternative energy are too limited and too localized to provide a global solution to energy needs - solar power is useful in tropical climates, wind power in mountainous regions, hydro-electric power in Wilderness areas, etc. Whilst beneficial in some parts of the world, they are inaccessible in others. And yet the same is also true of fossil fuels which are also found only in some areas of the Earth. The question is the transportabilty of fuels. Fossil fuels are easily transportable and if the same turns out to be true of alternative energies then they could become as all pervasive as conventional fuels.

7.1.2.4: The Reduction in Photosynthesis brought about by the Consumption of Alternative Energy.

7.1.2.4.1: The Colossal Quantities of Energy Generated by Alternative Energy.

Most forms of alternative energy provide only limited quantities of energy, but solar/hydrogen provides astronomic quantities of energy. If oomans were capable of capturing just 5-10% of the solar energy reaching the Earth they would have at their disposal the equivalent of billions of barrels of oil, "Our annual solar energy budget is roughly equivalent to 500,000,000,000,000 barrels of oil." This would terrestrialize the sun. Such vast quantities of energy would warm up the Earth through thermal pollution alone - in effect bringing the sun down to Earth.

7.1.2.4.2: The Geophysiological damage caused by the Consumption of Alternative Energy. The consumption of astronomic quantities of solar/hydrogen energy would also cause colossal amounts of geophysiological damage. Solar/hydrogen energy would enable a huge amount of work to be done almost inevitably resulting in a considerable amount of damage to the Earth's Photosynthetic capacity:-

* chainsaws could be fuelled by hydrogen; and,

* vehicles reliant on hydrogen could be used to construct roads. What else are oomans going to do with all of this energy if not romp around the planet like juvenile delinquents without a care for the future, causing more damage than they can comprehend? Klaus Lanz makes the point, "Unlimited energy is still the ultimate goal of most development planners. One of the possibilities under consideration is the use of vast solar farms to convert sunlight into electricity, in other words, using the sun as a gigantic socket to plug the planet into. Other scientists (including the mundi club), however, believe that the discovery of an inexhaustible source of energy, no matter how environmentally sound, would mean that humanity could face problems it has never even imagined. No matter how environmentally friendly the method of production, any increase in the availability of energy to humanity runs the risk of allowing the human population of the planet to achieve such levels of activity and therefore destruction that we could undermine the very structures and processes that allow life to exist on earth. This may sound like the apocalyptic vision of a mad scientist, but some people believe that there is already evidence of it happening. The greater the amount of energy available in a particular place, the higher the piles of refuse, the larger the number of cars and trains, the more the countryside is under attack or sealed up - in other words, the greater the side effects of civilization."

7.1.2.4.2: The Developments Provoked by Alternative Energy; The Damage to Countryside/Wilderness Areas.

The use of alternative forms of energy could cause a colossal amount of geophysiological damage through triggering off a whole range of developments:-

7.1.2.4.2.1: Solar Power promoting Population Dispersal. In many over-industrialized nations there are vast areas of land which are not served by an energy infrastructure whether an electricity grid or a gas pipeline. This has restricted the expansion of industries and the construction of homes in such areas. Most property developers will not consider building homes in areas which are not served by the national electricity grid. However, alternative energy, primarily solar/hydrogen energy, makes it possible to provide electricity/fuels to homes and even villages built beyond energy supply grids. Fuel cells are seen as .. "portable power packs in the developing world, reliable local supplies for distant communities .. " Used in conjunction with solar cells they could provide people with all the power currently taken for granted in urban areas. In the over-industrialized world, the production of cheap photovoltaic solar cells is already being used to enable people to build second (holiday) homes in Forests and Wilderness areas. The car has helped to open up Wilderness areas for hunters and 4x4 drivers whose respect for Wilderness and Animals is negligible, now photovoltaic energy is enabling vast numbers of red-neck Earth rapists to occupy Wilderness areas, "The use of solar electric systems in rural homes is growing in industrial countries as well, spurred by the popularity of vacation cabins and the cost of reaching them with power lines, which in the united states runs between $13,500 and $33,000 per kilometre for even small local distribution lines. In contrast a 500-watt pv system - enough to power an efficient home's lights, radio, television, and computer - would cost less than $15,000 including batteries for storage. Norway already has 50,000 pv powered country homes, and an additional 8,000 are being "solarized" each year. Among the other leaders in pv home installations are spain, switzerland and the united states. All four nations have extensive forests or mountains and a middle class with the money and leisure time to enjoy them." ; "Electric utilities are beginning to serve the remote home market as well .. In the rugged mountains and remote basins of the northwestern united states, the idaho power company is purchasing, installing, and maintaining pvs for homeowners located off the grid." In the industrializing world, huge numbers of peasants are currently abandoning their land to move to the cities. Some of this land is reverting back to Wilderness and even more could do so if the necessary political action was taken. Unfortunately, solar power enables rural people to enjoy the civilizing benefits of electricity without the need for an electricity grid. It thus encourages them to remain in rural areas where they will continue to live in a state of semi-poverty because it is only in urban areas that they could acquire a higher quality of life. Stuck in rural areas they will continue to ransack the land for whatever resources they can grab hold of to improve their lives, "Worldwatch note that the second highly promising source of electricity is the photovoltaic cell, which it reports is now the source of electricity in some 400,000 homes, mostly in third world villages." In the industrializing world the power supply industry has also inadvertently defended Wilderness areas in another way because the subsidies given to it have made solar power uneconomic to develop .. "solar electrification projects start with a large disadvantage, since most developing country governments heavily subsidize the extension of grid electricity to rural areas, as well as the installation of diesel water pumps." Population dispersal will be aided not merely by the portability or transmission of solar/hydrogen energy but by cars fuelled by alternative energy. In the past, in the over-industrialized world, the car has been responsible for the creation of suburbs. In the future, when cars are fuelled by solar/hydrogen, alternative cars will be responsible for the creation of alternative suburbs with all the geophysiological damage this entails.

7.1.2.4.2.2: The Decentralization of Solar/Hydrogen Causes Massive Geophysiological Destruction.

It is not entirely accurate, then, to argue that decentralized forms of alternative energy cause less geophysiological damage than centralized forms of energy. Decentralized forms of energy pose a huge threat to the Earth's life support system by enabling vast numbers of people/industries to settle in what are currently Wilderness areas. The more that alternative forms of energy are able to undermine the highly centralized nature fossil fuel driven industries, the greater the reduction in geophysiological damage. However, if decentralized forms of alternative energy end up leaving the centralized energy structures in place and are used to expropriate land which centralized forms of energy couldn't previously reach, then it is possible that decentralized forms of energy could end up causing more geophysiological damage than centralized forms of energy.

7.1.2.4.2.3: Wind Power Triggering off Developments.

Just as solar/hydrogen energy threatens to trigger off property developments in the countryside/deserts/Wilderness areas so too does wind power - especially if the electricity generated was used in conjunction with hydrogen.

7.1.2.4.2.4: Solar/Wind Power Promoting the Movement of People to the Sources of Energy.

Anthropogenically speaking, wind and solar power are in the wrong places on Earth. The power they could supply would have to be transported thousands of miles to urban areas in the over-industrialized world. However, once in production, it is likely that huge numbers of people will gravitate to these sources of energy, "Wind turbines ... in vast stretches of the united states northern plains .. attract new industries into windswept regions." This gives a clue as to the scale of the environmental destruction that could happen as a result of the adoption of wind power.

7.1.2.4.2.5: Hydro-electric Power Promoting the Displacement of People.

In the over-industrialized world, hydro-electric power also triggers off property, and industrial, developments. However, in the industrializing, and disintegrating, nations it triggers a different sort of property development which also causes geophysiological destruction, "The resettlement of the displaced population (as a result of the construction f hydro-electric power schemes) results in increased population density in the surrounding areas, generally the higher slopes of the valley where agriculture is marginal. This in turn causes erosion and deforestation, which leads to sedimentation in the reservoir."

7.1.2.5: The Geophysiological Damage caused by the Industrial Matrix Propping up Alternative Energy. The damage to the Earth's Photosynthesis caused by alternative forms of energy is complemented by similar levels of destruction caused by the matrix of industries supporting alternative energy i.e. the mining, quarrying, processing, manufacturing, construction, retailing, disposal, and transport, industries. The geophysiological damage caused by the matrix of industries required by alternative energy could be substantial. This damage will occur no matter what type of energy is used whether fossil fuels or solar/hydrogen.

7.1.2.6: The Geophysiological Damage caused by the Manufacturing of the Products using Alternative Energy. As products begin to be fuelled by alternative energies rather than fossil fuels so alternative energy must take a share of the responsibility for the geophysiological damage caused by the manufacture of these products. If alternative energy creates alternative fuels for cars then it must take responsibility for the geophysiological damage caused by the manufacture of these cars.

7.1.2.7: The Geophysiological Damage caused by the use of Alternative Energy in the Industrial Matrix.

In addition, if alternative energy is used to manufacture, for example, alternative cars then alternative energy has not merely got to take a share of the responsibility for the geophysiological damage caused by the manufacturing process - it has got to take the whole responsibility. The greater the use of alternative energies by the matrix of consumption industries, the greater the responsibility that alternative energy must accept for the geophysiological damage caused by these industries.

7.1.2.8: The Indirect Geophysiological Damage caused by Alternative Energy.

Alternative energy is also partly responsible for some of the geophysiological devastation caused by ooman's most geophysiologically destructive activity - Animal exploitation. By making the Animal exploitation industry more profitable it will ensure the survival of such industries and thus perpetuate the colossal scale of geophysiological damage they cause.

7.1.2.8.1: Biomass Energy.

If the vast quantities of Manure produced by factory pharming were used to produce biomass energy this would make factory pharming more profitable. The greater the number of factory pharmed Animals, the greater the manure they produce, the greater the energy that can be created, the greater the profits. In other words, alternative energy gives an economic boost to factory pharming whilst, conversely, factory pharming makes alternative energy more feasible. Green consumers driving out for a beefburger will doubtlessly congratulate themselves for the fact that by eating meat they were also increasing the supply of 'ecologically friendly' biofuels in a world of increasingly scarce fossil fuels.

7.1.2.8.2: Wind Power.

There is a similar compatibility between wind power and the Animal exploitation industry. Wind pharms do not deter livestock grazing, "Although wind farms .. would cover a wider area, they would not really occupy the land in the same way; indeed, Cattle grazing and other activities could go on as before."

7.1.3: Conclusions.

7.1.3.1: The Changes in Greenhouse Emissions.

Greens argue the main advantage of using alternative energy rather than fossil fuels is the reduction in Carbon emissions. They sound like the merchants of hope in the nuclear power industry in the 1950s who promised so much nuclear energy it would be too cheap to meter. They argue .. "solar hydrogen is virtually .. pollution free." ; "Hydrogen would be a fuel used without any carbon emission - so no global warming would result from it." From the above analysis of the greenhouse emissions from alternative energies it can be speculated that the sharp contrast between the huge quantities of greenhouse gases released by fossil fuels and the virtual absence of greenhouse gases released by alternative energies, is conditional. Some forms of alternative energy help to reduce greenhouse emissions more than others. Some alternative energies do not release greenhouse emissions but if the mining, processing, manufacturing, construction, transportation and disposal, industries which support these energies continued to use fossil fuels this might even increase greenhouse emissions. Solar/hydro/wind/tidal forms of alternative energy do not produce the type of energy that could be used by the bulk of the matrix of supporting industries to reduce their greenhouse emissions. Whilst phytofuels would help in this way, it is only the introduction of solar/hydrogen power that could significantly reduce emissions of greenhouse gases by these industries.

7.1.3.2: The Changes in Geophysiological Damage.

Alternative energies might reduce the release of greenhouse gases in comparison to the vast quantities released by fossil fuels, but they will certainly cause a substantial degree of geophysiological damage - whether the scale of this damage is greater than that currently caused by fossil fuels remains to be seen. The irony is that the types of alternative energy which could bring about the most dramatic reductions in greenhouse emissions, are the ones which threaten to cause the greatest geophysiological damage. Solar/hydrogen power could bring about a substantial reduction in the release of greenhouse gases by replacing fossil fuels, but in the process they could cause as much as or even more geophysiological damage than fossil fuels. Alternative energies threaten to inflict a whole range of damage on the Earth's life support system e.g. when oomano-imperialists raze Forests to plant Tree plantations; raze Forests to build alternative energy power stations; colonize Wilderness areas; reinforce village life in rural areas; fuel alternative cars which boost developments in the suburbs; fuel off-road vehicles driving through greenfield sites/countryside/Wilderness areas; provide power for chainsaws, etc. Remarkably this almost inanely common sensical proposition has been absent from the works of green commentators - with a few minor exceptions. In the karl lanz quote above, he felt forced to preface such a proposition by saying .. "This may sound like the apocalyptic vision of a mad scientist .." The only other commentator who has considered the proposition covers the issue in one sentence before proceeding to demand that oomans capture the sun's entire output of energy for consumption on Earth, "Soon western economies will attain a zero-pollution, sustainable basis. But a zero-pollution economy might actually represent a bigger threat to the land, since once genus homo can expand without causing gross ecological harm, the guilty conscience will no longer be a restraining influence." It could be speculated that by far the greatest amount of geophysiological damage that will be caused by alternative energy is not the generation of alternative energy, nor the distribution of alternative energy, nor the industrial matrix supporting the alternative energy industry, nor even those parts of the global industrial matrix using alternative energies, but the developments triggered off by alternative energy. Some forms of alternative energy cause more geophysiological damage than others. If considerable care was taken about the way that alternative energies were generated; distributed (whether in a centralized or decentralized way); and consumed (not allowing them to trigger off developments in Wilderness areas, etc), then geophysiological damage could be minimized. It is possible they might even be able to reduce the scale of the geophysiological damage currently being caused by fossil fuels. However, it is far more likely there will be a free for all in the generation of green energy and, one day, it will be discovered that more geophysiological damage is being caused by green energy industries than had been caused by the fossil fuelled industries.

7.1.3.3: The Incompatibility of Alternative Energy with Reforestation.

The implication of the likelihood that alternative energy will cause extensive geophysiological damage is that alternative energy is incompatible with the Reforestation needed to combat global burning and stabilize the climate. Even though Phytomass energy involves the growing of Trees, it still reduces the Earth's Photosynthetic capacity. Although wind pharms and hydro-electric power schemes do not suffocate the land's Photosynthetic capacity by covering it in concrete, they still prevent such areas from being Reforested.

7.1.3.4: Alternative Energy Cannot Combat Global Burning.

Whilst alternative energy could, under specific circumstances, reduce Carbon emissions it is likely to increase the destruction inflicted on the Earth's life support system. This means that alternative energy is unlikely to combat global burning and stabilize the climate. It would be folly to convert from fossil fuels to alternative energy solely for the sake of decreasing greenhouse emissions, no matter how dramatic the reduction might be, if the changeover did not, at the very least, reduce the damage to the Earth's life sustaining processes. But most greens aren't bothered about how much damage alternative energy inflicts on the Earth as long as they can get rid of those blasted fossil fuels. Fossil fuels have clearly fossilized the minds of many greens. So far alternative energy has been discussed almost as if societies around the world are static entities. Of course, this is not true. Most societies are undergoing a fivefold population expansion in the numbers of cars, kids, Cattle, capital and carnage. The exploitation of alternative energy will do nothing to stop this explosion. On the contrary, the astronomic abundance of alternative energy is exactly what this fivefold population explosion requires if it is to make a real bang. It is all too likely to cause an increase in greenhouse emissions and bring about even greater levels of geophysiological devastation than those caused by fossil fuels. At best alternative energy might be able to delay global burning but it cannot permanently stabilize the climate because it can't combat the underlying causes of global burning - the fivefold population explosion.

TWO: THE THREAT WHICH GREEN ENERGY POSES TO ANIMALS.

Alternative energy boosts the Animal exploitation industry and is responsible for the slaughter of large numbers of Animals. The Animal exploitation industry provides raw materials (manure) for the production of alternative energy. This boosts the profits of the Animal exploitation industry helping to ensure its survival. In turn alternative energy could also boost the Animal exploitation industry by providing cheaper energy than fossil fuels. In the future, it may be that all forms of Animal exploitation will obtain their energy supplies from alternative sources of energy. The primary way in which alternative energy is responsible for the slaughter of Wildlife is through the destruction of Wildlife habitats which, as has been seen above, could be extensive. There are, however, other ways in which alternative energies boost the slaughter of Animals.

7.2.1: Solar Power.

7.2.1.1: Solar Power used to exclude Wildlife from Safari Parks.

The following example shows the way in which solar power is being used firstly, to enable tribalists to live a consumer lifestyle in a Wilderness area by exploiting Wildlife and, secondly, preventing Wildlife from gaining access to their ancient homelands, "The (zimbabwe) government has set aside 10,700 square kilometres in northern zimbabwe to form the zambezi valley wilderness complex, an area which boasts the 2,196 square kilometre mana pools national park. .. the dande safari area - the 520 square kilometres set aside for hunting. "Hunting is the only hope for game to survive in africa," says harry. "Wildlife must pay its way or humans will take over. We hunt a sustainable quota of 3% per year. And that earns a great deal of money used to preserve the Wilderness needed by the Animals." Zimbabwe attracts about one million tourists a year and hunting brings in about 2,000 clients, who spend a total of $20 million. The Dande area is part of zimbabwe's Campfire programme, which channels a significant proportion of the money earned from hunting to the rural people who live among the wildlife. (The meat from hunted Wildlife is shared amongst) 210 families registered with the local Campfire programme .. Far more significant to the masoka community is the money earned from hunting. "We have earned Z$500,000 (£31,250) each year for the past three years," says joseph chisunga, masoka's wildlife committee treasurer. "We have used that money to develop our community. We have built a new school block and a health clinic, we have purchased a tractor for tillage. We erected a solar-powered electric fence to protect our agricultural land from the Wildlife. Gift Zirota, the wildlife chairperson, explains how the programme has changed the community's attitude towards wildlife. "Ten years ago, the animals destroyed our crops and attacked us. Now with Campfire, we get meat plus money from hunting. The wildlife is now an asset and we look after them. We do not allow poachers. We welcome hunters because they help us to improve our community. Campfire's pioneering concept, to balance the needs of africa's rural people with wildlife, has already spread to zambia, namibia, and south africa. Throughout zimbabwe, Campfire schemes last year earned more than Z$13 million (£812,000) for rural communities. The number of communities participating has grown from 15 in 1989 to more than 100 in 1996." 7.2.1.2: Mcdonalds Using Alternative Energy. Some greens are such geophysiological ignoramuses they celebrate the use of alternative energies by the Animal exploitation industry, the world's biggest Earth rapists, "Construction has started on a new macdonald's restaurant in westland, michigan that will have heat, hot water and air conditioning courtesy of geothermal energy from the earth's (sic) constant below-ground temperatures. The geothermal powered 3600 sq.ft. restaurant will be the first of its kind in the company's fleet and will serve as a study project for future macdonald's restaurants. Energy efficiency will also be enhanced through lighting systems, insulation values, triple glazed windows and high-efficiency motors." In due course, more and more of the Animal exploitation industry will use cheap alternative energy to boost its profits.

7.2.1.3: The Invasion of Wilderness Areas with the help of Alternative Energy.

Greens believe that alternative energy, especially solar/hydrogen power, will enable people to live in Wilderness areas. This will almost certainly lead to a vast increase in hunting and thus the slaughter of Wildlife.

7.2.2: Hydro-Electric Power.

Dams cause extensive damage to Wildlife habitats. The creation of hydro-electric water reservoirs inundates the Forest habitats of huge numbers of Wildlife, "The Kariba dam flooded about 5100 sqr kilometres including some of the wildest and most 'natural' land on Earth, a precious fastness of rhino, elephant .." The damage occurs as land is inundated under reservoirs, as Forests around reservoirs are chopped down, and the land downstream dries up. Some dams become choked with weeds which deoxygenate the water and kill off aquatic Animals, "Dam reservoirs bring additional ecological problems by filling with water weeds which die and then decompose, using up oxygen and suffocating the fish. To keep down the weed, some lakes are sprayed with chemicals containing dioxin which is known to cause birth defects." Hydro-electric schemes cause some areas to dry up downstream which then has an adverse effect on Wildlife habitats, "It is the Maga Dam (which takes much of the flow of the river Logone, one of the two main sources of water feeding Lake Chad) that is drying out the once teeming Waza National park, destroying habitats for the numerous species of antelope, and undermining the chances of survival for the elephants sheltering in the park." It has to be suggested that if it wasn't for carnivores there wouldn't be a need for so many dams, "Omnivorous humans also unwittingly bolster the arguments for damming free flowing rivers and streams. John Robinson writes, "To produce a day's food for one meat eater takes over 4,000 gallons (of water); for lacto-ovo (dairy product and egg-eating) vegetarian, only 1,200 gallons; for a pure vegetarian, only 300 gallons. It takes less water to produce a year's food for a pure vegetarian than to produce a month's food for a meat eater."" 7.2.3: Biomass. Animal manure could be used to produce huge quantities of alternative energy.

7.2.3.1: Centralized Biomass Plants.

There are already a number of power stations in brutland using Animal manure as a fuel, "A pioneering london based firm called fibrowatt has already set up two power stations fuelled by poultry litter. Rupert fraser, finance director of fibrowatt, said the company's new stations at eye, suffolk and glanford, south humberside would be competitive within five years. And he added, "As it is we are producing energy from a genuinely renewable source and with significant environmental benefits."" ; "Fibropower, the world's first commercial company to burn poultry litter to generate electricity, was launched yesterday. Fibropower sells 12.5 megawatts to the 12 regional electricity companies. As a rule of thumb, one Chicken's output makes one watt. (The advantage is that Chicken waste would otherwise cause pollution - both atmospheric and rivers) The resultant ash is a valuable byproduct, which is nitrate free and rich in phosphate and potash." The brutish government has given the go-ahead for more such forms of energy, "In December the government finally announced its first round of support for renewable energy in Scotland. The Scottish Renewables Obligation gives the go-ahead to 30 projects: 12 wind farms, 15 small hydro schemes; 2 landfill gas projects and a biomass project - utilising 110,000 tonnes of poultry farm litter." It is also possible that Animals might end up being forced to help oomans to drive cars, "Sewage can also be turned directly into oil .. In this process, sewage sludge is made alkaline and then heated under pressure. This converts the organic material to crude oil, water and carbon dioxide."

7.2.3.2: Decentralized Biogas Reactors.

In china, vast numbers of Animals are exploited to produce one of the most decentralized forms of energy, "The estimated 7 million biogas plants in China are a rare exception based on an existing tradition of intensive animal rearing and manuring that is hardly found elsewhere."

7.2.3.3: Animals used to create Biodiesel.

"In theory, Animal fats could also be turned into biodiesel and a few years ago this was proposed as a way of using up unwanted tallow from Sheep in new zealand."

7.2.4: Wind Power.

7.2.4.1: Wind Power and Livestock Grazing.

Wind pharms do not need to cement over the land on which they are constructed thereby destroying its Photosynthetic capacity. Pharmers often support the use of wind power on their pharms because they can still graze livestock on the land. Unfortunately the wind pharm is likely to be fenced off for security reasons thereby preventing Wildlife from getting access to such areas.

7.2.4.2: Wind Power kills Birds.

Wind pharms kill large numbers of Birds, "Wind farms posing threats to Bird's migratory tracks. In California .. "virtually no new power capacity of any kind has been ordered since the mid-eighties. In 1993, california was also plagued by poor winds in the altamont pass - site of the world's largest wind farms - and growing controversy over the danger that the machines in the pass pose to Birds .. In late 1993, the national audubon society's chief scientist called for a moratorium on wind power in areas where migratory Birds are active until the problem is better understood and mitigated." A series of wind pylons have been built in an area of wales, "These are large structures by any reckoning. The towers are 100ft high, the blades 70ft long. Yet, in the open spaces of the moor, they are not as dominant as the figures suggest. The blades turn, casting strange shadows on the ground; the tops of the towers gradually move to catch the best of the breeze. It is an awesome spectacle. `I think they're graceful and peaceful,' says farmer Gwyndaf Thomas, unsurprisingly, surveying the scene. `They've given the hill another character. And it hasn't harmed anybody. We can still carry on producing lambs. There are huge areas of Wales still affected by Chernobyl, you know. My uncle has to have his sheep checked every year by a Geiger counter. This is clean energy.' Surveys elsewhere in Britain, he adds, show that the numbers of birds that fly into turbines are minuscule compared with those killed by power cables or shooting."

7.2.5: Tidal Barrages

Tidal marshes/mudflats are used by Birds during long distant migrations. Estuaries .. "are the feeding grounds for more than half of Britain's 1.5 million wintering wading birds (40% of all waders wintering each year in the whole of Europe) and are joined each year by hundreds of thousands of migrating water fowl. These estuaries are important because: a) they lie on the main migration route from both Greenland and Iceland and from Siberia to West Africa; b) the British Isles offer the most northerly refuge from the prolonged freezing of continental Europe; c) the large tidal range of our many estuaries provides rich feeding areas." The construction of tidal barrages destroys will destroy these mudflats leading to the starvation of many Birds.

7.2.5.1: The Destruction of Mudflats in Brutland.

"Britain's 155 estuaries, the nation's most valuable wildlife habitats, are without proper legal protection and are being destroyed says a Nature Conservancy Council report, 'Nature Conservation and Estuaries in Great Britain.'"

7.2.5.2: The Destruction of Mudflats in Japan.

"The japanese archipelago is an important migration route for birds. But in the economic boom since the second world war, nearly half of its tidal flats have been reclaimed (sic). Less than half of the coastline of the four main islands is natural; concrete walls and sea defences line the rest."

7.2.6: Tree Plantations.

The razing of natural Forests for the sake of Tree energy plantations destroys not only Trees but Wildlife. But, according to easterbrook, a green cornucopian, Tree plantations are bursting with Wildlife, "Tree recovery statistics for developed nations include the 'industrial forest', trees managed to maximize yield. Such forests are not wholly natural. Neither are they, as some ecologists would have it, dreary places. They teem with life, plants and animals going about their business oblivious to the presence of man." ; "Most managed forests teem with life." ; "In some respects young woodlands as developed by genus homo are better places for biodiversity than old growth forests." He believes that Tree plantations with less canopy allow in more sunlight than old Forests and this attracts more species. This seems reasonable but is irrelevant if the Wildlife living in the original Forest were incinerated when the Forest was burnt down. Tree plantations do not contain anything like the same scale of Biodiversity as natural Forests and the more regularly the Trees are harvested the less species they are likely to contain.

THREE: ALTERNATIVE ENERGY IS NOT GREEN.

7.3.1: The Degeneracy of Green Politics.

Around the world, greens want hundreds of millions, perhaps even billions, of people to return to the countryside. They believe this could be done with the aid of alternative energy. Some greens are already establishing oomano-imperialist outposts in Wilderness areas, "The highland eco centre is a unique environmental project above the village of ullapool on the west coast of scotland .. The low impact house, designed by gaia architects .. is set in 3.5 acres of woodland and open grassland dissected by a burn. The house is autonomous, providing its own electricity with a wind turbine and solar modules." These greens are hoping that green housing estates will soon be established in what is left of the highland's woodlands. A spokesman for the organization of green nazis said he hoped all Forests around the world would soon be occupied by oomano-imperialists posing as greens. He supported the sustainable use of Wildlife (i.e. Animals from which oomans can make a profit) but didn't quite understand what the sustainable use of oomans had to do with it. Yes indeed, Animals should pay their way but oomans were different, they didn't have to pay their geophysiological way at all.

7.3.2: Alternative Energy is not Green.

Alternative energy, especially solar/hydrogen, is not green. On the contrary, it destroys the Earth's mantle of greenery, "In order to capture ambient energy in quantities sufficient to replace significant amounts of fossil fuel or nuclear capacity, renewable energy technologies may require large areas of land which may already have other uses. RETs therefore have predominantly physical and local impacts rather than the chemical and global impacts associated with fossil fuel and nuclear technology. Because of their reliance on wind, waves or tides, RETs often have to be sited in undeveloped or non-built up environments where their installation can have .. ecological impacts during both construction and operation." ; "The so-called renewable sources of energy sound attractive but there are serious environmental objections to all of them, not to mention their high cost. There are also grave doubts about their reliability."

7.3.3: The Temptation of Astronomic Solar Energy.

There is the strong possibility that solar/hydrogen could produce almost astronomic levels of energy. The temptation to use such quantities of solar/hydrogen energy is likely to be far too tempting for societies to resist despite the colossal amounts of damage it could do to the Earth's life support system for oomans. According to international monetary fund's statistics the global economy is growing at a rate whereby everyone will be twice as wealthy in 13 years' time. In addition, the global population is growing at the rate of one billion per decade. The excesses of growth are proliferating - too many people owning too many cars, having too many babies, eating meat, earning too much money, possessing too many homes, going on too many holidays, etc. The fivefold population explosions are the major underlying cause of global burning. When oomans develop solar/hydrogen/nuclear economies they will have all the power at their disposal to fuel these explosions which will eventually destroy the Earth's life support system for oomans. The astronomic quantities of some forms of alternative energy indicates that, although there is no such thing as sustainable growth, there is what could be called green growth - a continually increasing supply of alternative energy and a continually increasing scale of geophysiological damage. That there could be such a phenomenon should not be unduly surprising since one of nature's main characteristics is the bloom and decay cycles of Plant, and Animal, life. The ooman race can escape this cycle. It can find ways of avoiding the horrors of boom and bust. But if oomans are to avoid bust, they have to avoid boom. The first law of planetary existence is that oomans must learn to accept the planet's finiteness and not succumb to the temptations of the astronomic, the seemingly colossal expandability of solar/hydrogen energy. Green growth is even more of a menace to ooman survival than fossil fuels firstly, because there could be so much more solar/hydrogen energy than there is fossil fuels and, secondly, because its greenness gives it a legitimacy it does not deserve. If oomans are to survive in perpetuity on this planet they have got to adopt limits. "Man has got to know his limits." Green capitalism is the final stage of capitalism when green capitalists use green propaganda to persuade consumers they are protecting the environment whilst decimating the Earth's life sustaining processes. The illusion surrounding the abundance of alternative energy is that the cheaper, and more plentiful, the energy the better. It is not. No energy, no matter how cheap, comes without a geophysiological cost. Even if energy could be obtained free of charge, there would still be a geophysiological cost. It is wrong to believe that cheap alternative energy is something to be welcomed. Ultimately, it is an geocidal liability. Industrialized societies have indulged in massive bouts of what william catton described as 'take-over' and 'down reach'. To extend his terminology, it would be far more dangerous to rely on 'up-reach' - tapping into the vast energy available from the sun. The sun beguiles oomankind with its astronomic energy.

7.3.4: Alternative Energy is not Sustainable.

Contrary to green dogma, alternative forms of energy are not sustainable. Climate change will make some forms of alternative energy inoperable. It is only wood economies which are sustainable because they stabilize the climate to perpetuate their existence.

7.3.4.1: Hydro-electric Power.

Hydro-electric power is unsustainable because it is not in harmony with local ecologies. Dams cause a build up of silt which becomes so severe the dams eventually have to be abandoned, "For this reason the operational lifetime of large dams is frequently shorter than expected." A number of dams have already been abandoned for this reason.

7.3.4.2: Tidal Power.

"Neither tidal barrages nor dams can produce energy in a truly sustainable form because they eventually silt up and while dredging may or may not be feasible for some rivers, it will hardly suffice for whole estuaries."

7.3.4.3: Short Rotation Coppicing.

"The overall energy ratio of short rotation coppice (SRC) is approximately 15 to 20:1 based on practical trials (energy out: energy in). It is expected that the coppice production cycle can be repeated several times during a plantation's predicted 30 year or so life." If Tree plantations have a life expectancy of thirty years this doesn't qualify them to be designated as sustainable forms of energy.

7.3.4.4: Solar Power Stations.

The sun is expected to burn for another 4 billion years but, according to saral sarkar, solar power stations do not have such a lengthy life-expectancy, "The life-span of a solar power station is at the most 20 years. .. the materials required for building and operating solar power plants are mostly exhaustible." Even more critically, solar power stations can't provide enough energy to build new solar power stations, "Can the second generation of solar power plants be built with the solar energy produced by the first generation? All presently known recipes for the direct use of solar energy produce a deficit in the general energy balance i.e. they indirectly consume more of some other form(s) of energy than they produce directly. Solar energy is, therefore, only feasible so long as other sources of energy are available. That means it is not viable." If these propositions turn out to be true then solar power is an unsustainable form of energy. However, there are doubts about such arguments.

7.3.5: Greens' Defence of Alternative Energy.

The vast scale of the geophysiological damage which could be caused by astronomic forms of alternative energy cannot be dismissed by suggesting, "All energy strategies entail considerable environmental and social costs." This is woefully inadequate. It goes nowhere near to appreciating the true scale of the threat posed by alternative energy. If a manager of a fossil fuelled industry defended fossil fuels by suggesting, "All energy strategies entail considerable environmental and social costs" environmentalists would rightfully ridicule their ignorance and naiveté so why should environmentalists get away with such a bland assertion? For some bizarre reason whilst greens insist that geophysiological issues should be understood in a global, holistic, perspective they insist on shielding alternative energy from such an analysis. They argue, "Solar technologies do not disrupt the Planet's heat balance." Solar power will boost the heat effect. If solar energy isn't reflected back into space but captured at ground level it will boost global temperatures. Solar power will help to spread the heat island effect. It is not yet possible to determine how significant the terrestrialization of solar energy will be. Solar energy also necessitates the destruction of huge areas of Forests, and the use of solar energy will further add to deforestation, both of which will have an impact not merely on the Earth's Carbon spiral but the Earth's heat balance. Barry commoner argues there are no geophysiological factors limiting the amount of energy that can be consumed around the Earth because of the damage it inflicts on the Earth's life support system. The only limitation is the amount of solar energy that can be transformed into usable energy, "In the abstract sense, there is a global 'limit to growth' but this is determined not by the present availability of resources but by a distant limit to the availability of solar energy. .. the ultimate limit on economic growth is imposed by the rate at which renewable, solar energy can be captured and used." Just as the green movement condemns the fossil fuel and nuclear power industries for not carrying out an environmental audit, so the green movement is guilty of refusing to carry out a geophysiological audit of their so-called green projects.

7.3.6: The Greens are not Green.

The green movement's attitude to alternative energy rests upon two flaws. Firstly, the failure to distinguish between renewable energy and alternative energy. Whilst the former provides a finite amount of energy derived from the Earth's life sustaining processes, the latter provides an astronomic supply of energy which undermines the Earth's life sustaining processes. Secondly, greens' failure to distinguish between the limited supplies of some forms of alternative energy and astronomic supplies of solar/hydrogen. These intellectual failures are brought about by the green movements' unwillingness to take the Planet's Photosynthetic capacity into account when considering how to combat global burning and protect the Earth's life support system. Greens seem to be so preoccupied with reducing Carbon emissions they completely neglect the contribution which the destruction of the Planet's Photosynthetic capacity makes to global burning and the destabilization of the climate. It is this failure to understand the role of Photosynthesis on Earth which enables them to dismiss the need for Reforestation and the necessity for Forest based economies. The so-called green movement is now in the bizarre situation where 'greens' pretend to be concerned about protecting the Earth's life support system and combating global burning and yet entirely ignores what is happening to the Earth's Photosynthetic capacity. They are green in name only. Greens who promote solar/hydrogen energy and encourage people to build second/holiday homes in Forests/Wilderness areas are transparently encouraging the destruction of the Earth's life support system. It is impossible to define them as greens. They are Earth-rapists. The car helped to open up Wilderness areas for recreational vehicles and hunters whose respect for Wilderness and Animals is negligible, and solar/hydrogen energy is the means by which Wilderness areas can be occupied by oomans who will eventually destroy its wildness. For decades the green movement in brutland has been yapping at the department of transport about the way that new roads open up developments (and thus destroy the Earth's Photosynthetic capacity) and yet greens merrily promote solar energy which encourages the invasion of the countryside which will inevitably boost road-building. Some of the more extremist 'greens' even go around saying the Earth's dominant colour is blue because the most important phenomena on Earth is water - as if the Earth's Photosynthetic capacity has had nothing to do with retaining water on the Planet over the last few aeons and has no crucial role in the water cycle. Perhaps it would be better to call the green movement 'the blue movement'. Blues could then go around demonstrating their support for solar technologies, energy conservation, energy efficiency, Animal exploitation, the oomano-imperialist invasion of Wilderness/countryside without even having to worry what effect these developments would have on the Earth's Forests. Perhaps the saddest aspect of this situation is that the pressure for the introduction of alternative energy is coming from the green movement. It is to be expected that capitalists will seek to employ astronomic sources of energy which increase profits regardless of geophysiological damage but, when the green movement itself initiates and demands such changes, something is profoundly wrong. At best the 'greens' advocating alternative energy are just fools who've been chanting the slogan of alternative energy for so long they've forgotten to assess its ecological implications. At worst they are Earth rapists.