Vorwort | Verein | 1. Pädagogium | 2. Politikum | 3. Ökonomie | Internum | Verweise | Kontakte |
VERWEISE
Das Profil Sumatra Nostra:
Die südostasiatische Insel "Sumatra" ist eine der "Großen Weltinsel" (Verwaltungsgebiet: 473 606 km2); Entlang der Westküste von hohen/steilen Gebirgsketten mit mehreren tätigen Vulkanen durchzogen, gebirgig (Wälder, Savannnen), der Osten ist Flachland mit Mangroven; feucht-tropisches Klima, verbreitet tropische Regenwald (Rimba); Bodenschätze: Erdöl und Erdgas, Zinn-, Bauxit- und Kohlenvorkommen (Steinkohle, Braunkohle), Gold, Silber; Anbau von Reis, Zuckerrohr, Bananen, Maniok, Tabak, Kautschuk, Baumwolle, Tee, Kaffee, Kakao, Pfeffer, Gewürznelken, Sisalagaven, Kokos- und Ölpalmen; die Wälder liefern Edelhölzer/Teakholz und Harze oder Textil-, Lebensmittel-, Zementindustrie, etc; etwa 40 Mio. Ew. (überw. Minangkabau, Batak & Aceh); Wichtige Städte: Medan, Palembang, Padang & Banda Aceh).
Geschichte:
Auf Sumatra entstanden zwei Seemächte, das buddhistische Srivijaya seit dem 7. und das islamische Aceh seit dem 16. Jahrhundert. 1509 landeten die Portugiesen, 1596 die Holländer, die Sumatra im 19. Jahrhundert endgültig unterwarfen. Seit 1949 ist Sumatra ein Teil Indonesiens.
Weitere Verweise:
(ATJEH LEXIKON)
(TERRASSE MEKKAS)
(LOKECWARA ATJEH)
(ATJEH WÖRTERBUCH)
(TSUNAMI ACEH SUMATRA)
(TSUNAMI ASEAN RELIEF)
(TSUNAMI SIMULATION)
(TSUNAMI SONG)
Facts & Figures: ACEH SUMATRA
Geography
Location: Northwestern tip of Sumatra Island.
Geographic coordinates: 20° - 60° north latitude, 950° - 980° east longitude.
Map references: Western end of the Indonesian archipelago.
Area: 55.390 sq. km (2,86 percent of total area of Indonesia: 1.937.179 sq. km)
Average of altitude: 125 m above sea level
Land boundaries: Strait of Malacca (north), North Sumatra province (South), Strait of Malacca (east), and Indian Ocean (west).
Topography: 119 islands, 35 mountains, 73 rivers, and 2 lakes.
Land use: 5,736,557 hectares (100 percent -- forestry (4,477,900: 78,06 percent, agriculture (683,630: 11,92 percent), plantations (197,560: 3,44 percent), smallholdings (141,479: 2,47 percent), open water fisheries (36,407: 0,63 percent), grasslands (32,661: 0,57 percent), lakes, rivers, etc. (79,874: 1,39 percent), cities and villages (87,046: 1,52 percent) (1998)
Irrigated Land: 353.142 Ha (1996)
Climate: Tropical; hot, humid; cool in highlands
Natural resources: petroleum, gold, silver, tin, sulphur, mangaan, zinc, iron ore, etc.
Area Identity: Flora -- Bungong Jeumpa (michelia champaca). Fauna -- Cicimpala Kuning (copsychus pyrropygus)
National Park: Mount Leuser (792,675 hectares) in south and southeast Aceh
People
Population: 4,074,900 (1998)
Population density: 71 per sq. km (1998)
Population growth: 2,31 percent (1990-1997)
Urban population: 20,5 (1995)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 35.84 percent; 15-64 years: 60.84 percent; 65 years and over: 3.32 percent (1998)
Sex ratio: 100 (1998)
Death rate: 20,88 deaths per 1,000 population (1991, est.) - 11,06 percent (1986-1991)
Infant mortality rate: 37 deaths/1,000 live births (1991, est.)
Life expectancy at birth: 67,78 (1997)
Total fertility rate: 3,287 (1995)
Literacy rate: 91,4 (15 years and over)
Poor people: 425,600 (1996) - 496,700(1993) - 545,000 (1990)
Religions: Islam (3.767.962), Protestant (45.045), Catholic (5.957), Hinduism (791), Buddhism (11.341) (1998)
Ethnic groups: Aceh, Gayo, Alas, Tamiang, Simelu, Kluet, Aneuk Jame, Singkil, etc.
Transmigration settlement: 1.070 households with 4.665 persons (by location). (1998/1999)
Migration: 250.537 (in) - 216.386 (out) - 34.151 (net) (1995)
Regional Government
Name of region: Aceh Province of Special Region
Capital city: Banda Aceh
Establishment: Dec. 7, 1956, based on Law No. 24/1956.
Administrative divisions: Two municipalities (Banda Aceh and Sabang), two administrative cities (Lhokseumawe and Langsa), eight regencies (Aceh Besar, Pidie, Aceh Tengah, Aceh Utara, Aceh Timur, Aceh Tenggara, and Aceh Selatan), 142 districts, and 5.463 villages.
Civil servants: 48.500 (1998)
Legislative branch: Ten people in the House of Representatives (DPR), consisting of three members of the United Development Party (PPP), seven members of the Functional Group (Golkar). The Regional House of Representatives (DPRD I) has 119 members. (1997) Twelve people in the House: two members of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), two members of Golkar party, four members of the United Development Party (PPP), two members of the National Mandate Party (PAN), one member of the Crescent Star Party (PBB), and one member of the Moslem Community Awakening Party (PNU). (1999)
Symbol: Pancacita or Five of ideals, namely justice, heroism, prosperity, harmony, and social welfare in the shape of pentagonal shield. There is a dacing (portable balance scale) as a symbol of justice ideal, a rencong (Acehnese dagger) (heroism), rice, cotton, factory’s smokestack (prosperity), mosque’s dome (harmony), a book and a pen (social welfare).
Governors: Teuku Nyak Arif (1945-1946), Teuku Daud Syah (1947-1948), Daud Beureuh (1948-1951), Danu Broto (1951-1952), Teuku Soleman Daud (1952-1953), Abdul Wahab (1953-1955), Abdul Razak (1955-1956), Ali Hasjmi, Prof. Dr. (1957-1964), Nyak Adam Kamil (1964-1966), Hasbi Wahidi (1966-1967), Muzakir Walad (1968-1973), Muzakir Walad (1973-1978), Madjid Ibrahim (1978-1981), Hadi Thayeb (1981-1986), Ibrahim Hasan, Prof. Dr. (1986-1991), Ibrahim Hasan, Prof. Dr. (1991-1993)*, Syamsuddin Mahmud (1993-1998), Syamsuddin Mahmud (1998- …)
*Ibrahim Hasan was appointed as the State Minister of Food/Head of the National Logistic Agency (Bulog) on March 17, 1993.
Economy
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by region at current prices: Rp 17.229, 09 b (1997)
GDP by region at constant 1993 market prices: Rp 11.447,33 b (1997)
Per capita GDP by region at current prices: Rp 4.289,57 b (1997)
Per capita GDP by region at constant 1993 market prices: Rp 2.850,07 b (1997)
Regional income per capita at current prices: Rp 3.945,05 b (1997)
Regional income per capita at constant 1993 market prices: Rp 2.575,42 b (1997)
Inflation rate: 3,41% (Jan. 1999) - 4,04% (Jan. 1998) - 56,18% (1998) - 9,90% (1997)
Labor force: 1.101.843 (1998)
Job seekers: 60.911 (1998)
Regional minimum wage: Rp 171.000,- per month (April 1, 1999)
Investments: 7 projects - US$598,9 m (foreign) (1997/1998); 8 projects - Rp 538 b (domestic) (1997/1998)
Budget: Rp 269.490 m (revenues) (1997/1998); Rp 267.379 m (expenditures) (1997/1998)
Industries: Fertilizer, cement, olefin, petroleum, palm oil, natural gas, paper, glue, shipbuilding, plantation, plywood, small industries, aromatic naphtan, paper, and handicrafts.
Electricity: 108.414 MWH (production) (1997); 42.354 MWH (consumption) (1997)
Agriculture-products: palm oil, wood, tobacco, coffee, shrimps, etc.
Exports: 14.911,68 tons (volume) - US$ 2.059,08 m (1998)
Imports: 188,59 tons (volume) - US$ 128,86 m (1998)
Communications
Telephones: 60.424 subscribers (1998)
Journalism: Three (one newspaper, one weekly newspaper, one monthly magazine) (1997)
Transportation
Roads: 14.082,24 Km (1998) -- 13.164,01 Km (1997)
Ports and Harbors: 42, the main ones being are Meulaboh, Sabang (Malahayati area), Lhokseumawe, Kuala Langsa, and Krueng Raya.
Airport: Blang Bintang (Banda Aceh),[Malik Saleh (Lhokseumawe)] and Maemun Saleh (Sabang)
Tourism
Popular tourism destinations: Pulau Weh (Sabang) with excellent diving, snorkeling and a very friendly atmosphere. Banda Aceh with interesting sites such as the Grand Mosque baiturrahman, the Dutch graveyard "Kerkhof", Aceh Museum, and several important graves. Lhoknga/Lampuuk with beaches and surfing. Kuala Dho on the west coast with beaches. Pulau Banyak in the far south with extraordinary scenery, snorkeling, beaches and sea turtles. Gurah (or Ketambe) in Leuser National Park with wildlife, hotspronga, jungle trekking and river rafting. Takengon with its scenic lake Laot Tawar. The east coast of Aceh offers many historical sites and traditional houses, especially south of Lhokseumawe where there is also an elephant training school (Pusat Latihan Gajah Aceh).
Police & Military
Regional police: Col. D. Sumantyawan H. Soedarjo (Chief) (Installed on June 26, 2000)
Regional military command: Maj. Gen. Affandi, chief of the KODAM (Regional Military Command) I /Bukit Barisan oversees Aceh, North Sumatra, West Sumatra, and Jambi.
Further reading: 1. Aceh In Figures 1998. Banda Aceh: Bappeda and Kantor Statistik Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Aceh, 1999 2. Air Transport Statistics 1997. Jakarta: BPS, 1999. 3. Ensiklopedi Nasional Indonesia Vol. I. Jakarta: PT. Cipta Adi Pustaka, 1990. 4. Estimasi Fertilitas, Mortalitas, dan Migrasi, Hasil Survei Penduduk Antar Sensus (Supas) 1995. Jakarta: BPS, 1997. 5. GAYO,Iwan. Buku Pintar Nusantara. Jakarta: PT. Upaya Warga Negara, 2nd edition, Nov. 1990 6. _______. Buku Pintar Seri Senior. Jakarta: PT. Upaya Warga Negara, 20th (July 1995) and 26th (June 1998) editions. 7. Gross Regional Domestic Product of Provinces In Indonesia By Industrial Origin 1995-1998. Jakarta: BPS, 1999. 8. INDONESIA, Republic of. Repelita VI - Indonesia’s Sixth Five-Year Development Plan 1994/95-1998/99). Jakarta: 1994. 9. ______. Lampiran Pidato Kenegaraan Presiden Republik Indonesia Di Depan Sidang Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat 15 Agustus 1998: Pelaksanaan Tahun Keempat Repelita VI. Jakarta: 1998. 10. _______. Ministry of Information. Data Pokok Penerbitan Pers IPPPN Tahun 1997. Jakarta, 1998. 11. Jakarta Post, The, February 19; September 2; November 10, 1999; May 24, 2000. 12. Labor Force Situation In Indonesia August 1998. Jakarta: BPS, 1999. 13. Profil Propinsi Republik Indonesia: Daerah Istimewa Aceh. Jakarta: Yayasan Nusantara, 1992. 14. Statistical Yearbook of Indonesia 1998. Jakarta: BPS, 1999 15. Welfare Indicators 1998. Jakarta: BPS, 1999. 16. Welfare Statistics , 1998. Jakarta: BPS, 1999.
(Source: "© The Jakarta Post".)
Preliminary Indonesian peace talks to begin in Helsinki Indonesian government and Aceh rebels to meet on Thursday under Ahtisaari leadership
Martti Ahtisaari
Endriartono Sutarto
Malik Mahmud
Former Finnish President Martti Ahtisaari is to try to negotiate a peaceful settlement between the Indonesian government and separatist rebels from the northern province of Aceh. The preliminary talks will be held in Helsinki later this week. The location was something of a natural choice, since Ahtisaari has already for some time been serving as a go-between in building dialogue between the Jakarta administration and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM). Aceh was the worst-hit area in the recent Asian tsunami, but it is believed the involvement of the Crisis Management Initiative (CMI) led by Ahtisaari predates the disaster. CMI confirmed rumours of the planned meeting in a brief statement on Sunday. The terse nature of the information coming out of the former President’s office was explained by the sensitive nature of the meeting and "in order to create a conducive atmosphere" for talks. According to the news agency Associated Press, talks are to begin on Thursday of this week. A spokesperson from Ahtisaari’s office would neither confirm or deny this date, and said also that the physical location for the meeting was still undecided. Former President Ahtisaari spoke to Helsingin Sanomat on Sunday evening, reporting that the two parties have announced their attendance at the meeting. In other respects he preferred not to comment on the matter, saying the time was not yet suitable. The Finnish Foreign Minister Erkki Tuomioja stated earlier on Sunday that the Helsinki government would support Ahtisaari’s overtures and that it hoped they would lead to speedy results. Confirmation of the talks came from the rebel side on Sunday evening. "We have just received confirmation that there are to be discussions in Finland. I will not speculate on the subject of the talks, when they are to be, or where they will be held", said spokesman Bakhtiar Abdullah from the GAM leadership-in-exile, located in the Stockholm area in Sweden. Earlier in the day, the self-styled GAM Prime-Minister-in-exile Malik Mahmud had stated that they had not been contacted over the talks. He claimed that he had heard only from journalists and the media that a meeting was planned in Finland for this week. Already before any formal invitation was forthcoming, Mahmud had announced the rebels’ willingness to meet with the Indonesian government. Mahmud believes the key issue at hand is how the Acehs, whose lives have been devastated in the recent earthquake and tsunami, could be best helped. He noted that the separatists had already issued a statement calling for talks on how to establish a lasting ceasefire and on how aid operations in the stricken province could be organised most effectively. "Our contacts with the Indonesian government broke down almost two years ago. I believe that this provides an opportunity to reopen channels of communication", said Mahmud. According to wire service reports, the Indonesian military chief Gen. Endriartono Sutarto announced on Sunday that the army had called a halt to attacks on separatist forces in order to give prospective peace talks a chance. Indonesian security forces began a major campaign against GAM rebels in the spring of 2003 after the collapse of earlier peace negotiations. Aceh, known for its oil and gas resources, was originally a powerful sultanate that stood up to the Dutch colonial authorities when they occupied the northern part of Sumatra in 1870. Aceh was joined with Indonesia when the Dutch withdrew in 1949. In the view of the locals, the sultanate should never have been included in the package, since Dutch sovereignty over the region had never been formally acknowledged. The Free Aceh Movement (GAM) began its separatist rebellion in 1976, and hostilities have cost at least 12,000 lives. There have been several attempts to put an end to the bloodshed. In December 2002 it was believed a breakthrough had been made when both sides reported agreement on a peace deal that would have given Aceh partial autonomy and 70% of the revenue from its oil and gas reserves. In return the rebels were to lay down their arms and abandon their calls for separation from Jakarta. The discussions broke down acrimoniously in May 2003, and thereafter the Indonesian government has pursued an aggressive policy towards the province. The submarine earthquake and tsunami on December 26th wrought terrible destruction to the region and prompted both sides to declare an unofficial ceasefire. This notwithstanding, the Indonesian government has claimed to have killed some 200 rebels since then, charging that they were stealing aid shipments meant for tsunami victims. According to GAM sources, some of those killed were civilians.
Links: Crisis Management Initiative Indonesian Government Acehnet
Helsingin Sanomat
Press Releases > Press ReleasePress Conference of President Ahtisaari on Sunday (26.1.2005)
The facilitator of the upcoming Aceh talks, President Martti Ahtisaari, intends to hold a press conference at the Department for Information and Culture of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Kanavakatu 3 C, Helsinki, on Sunday, 30 January at 16.00 hrs. The press conference on Sunday will be broadcast live through the Internet.
Due to the discrete nature of the talks, President Ahtisaari is not able to give any comments on the proceedings until the official press conference. The delegations are expected to arrive to Helsinki on Thursday, 27 January.
This is a preliminary and yet unconfirmed invitation for the media. Further information will be updated on the website of the Crisis Management Initiative (www.cmi.fi) on a daily basis.
The Crisis Management Initiative (CMI) is a Finnish non-governmental, not-for-profit organisation aiming to respond to challenges of sustainable security. President Ahtisaari is the Chairman of CMI.
Inquiries can be directed to Maria-Elena Cowell, Media Liaison Officer, tel. +358 40 8481769.
(Source: Website "indahnesia.com")
Climate Information for Lhokseumawe
Copyright 2002 by ASH