VENEZIA GIULIA
AUSTRIAN KÜSTENLAND
Venezia Giulia was the name given since 1863 by Italian nationalists to the south
western borderlands of the Austrian Empire, inhabited by an Italian minority and
therefore claimed by them.
It was divided into three autonomous Austrian "Länder", which were however grouped
into one Statthalterei, named Küstenland (Littoral), established in 1849 at the
division of the Kingdom of Illyria :
- the Princely County of Görz and Gradisca
- the Markgraviate of Istria
- the Free City of Trieste
__________________________________________________________________________________
IMPERIAL ADMINISTRATORS AND COMMANDERS
Statthalter
1871 - 1872 Sisinio Freiherr De Pretis von Cagnado 1828 - 1890
1872 - 1874 Alois Freiherr von Ceschi a Santa Croce
1874 - 1879 Felix Pino Freiherr von Friedenthal 1826 - 1906
1879 - 1890 Sisinio Freiherr De Pretis von Cagnado (2x)
1890 - 1897 Teodoro Ritter (1892 : Freiherr) von
Rinaldini 1839 - 1911
1897 - 1904 Leopold Graf von Goëss 1848 - 1922
1904 - 1915 Konrad Maria Eusebius Prinz zu Hohenlohe-
Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (1) 1863 - 1918
1915 - 1918 Alfred Freiherr von Fries-Skene 1870 - 1947
(1) With a brief interruption of some weeks in 1906 when he was prime
minister of Austria.
Austro-Hungarian Commander in the Southwest
(After the outbreak of the war with Italy in 1915 part of Küstenland was declared
a war zone and consequently selfgovernment was replaced by military rule in most
of the territory)
Commander of the Southwestern Front (Küstenland, Carinthia and Tyrol)
1915 - 1918 Fieldmarsh (1916) Eugen Ferdinand Pius
Bernhard Felix Maria, Erzherzog von
Österreich, Grandmaster of the Teutonic
Order, in overall command 1915 - 1916 as
Commander of the Southwestern Front and
in 1917 - 1918 as Commander of the Army
Front Erzherzog Eugen, also in Italy 1917
- 1918 (2) 1863 - 1954
(2) In 1918 the Emperor assumed direct command of the troops operating in
the region.
__________________________________________________________________________________
HEADS OF THE LAND GOVERNMENTS
See Landeshauptleute of Görz and Gradisca
Landeshauptleute of Istria
Mayors of Trieste
ITALIAN AND GERMAN VENEZIA GIULIA 1918 - 1945
After several earlier attempts to conquer claimed Küstenland in the war years 1915
- 1917 had failed, the region was finally occupied by the Italian troops in 1918
and after some strife with the Serbians/Yugoslavs most of it was integrated into
their kingdom. It was first divided into the provinces of Trieste, Pola and Udine,
an already existing Italian province.
Later the provinces of Fiume - established in 1924 when the Free City of the same
name was formally annexed to Italy - and Gorizia - detached from Udine in 1927 -
were added.
In 1943 the Germans occupied the provinces, which now became part of the Operation
Zone Adriatisches Küstenland.
After the German defeat in 1945, the region - except Udine, which became subject
to the western allied administration - came under Yugoslav military administration.
__________________________________________________________________________________
ITALIAN MILITARY COMMANDERS AND ADMINISTRATORS
MILITARY COMMANDERS AND ADMINISTRATORS OF THE WHOLE TERRITORY
Commanders of the Italian Forces operating in Küstenland (until Caporetto)
(The only major success of these troops was the temporary occupation of Görz in
1916 - 1917. See also here for their superiors and for the civil administration
of the occupied territories)
Commanders of the Second Army
(In the northern zone - Gradisca)
1915 - 1916 LtGen. Pietro Frugoni
1916 – 1917 LtGen. Settimio Piacentini
1917 LtGen. Luigi Capello 1859 - 1941
1917 LtGen. Luca Montuori
1917 LtGen. Luigi Capello (2x)
Commanders of the Third Army.
(in the southern zone - Görz and direction Trieste)
1915 LtGen. Vincenzo Garioni* 1856 - 1929
1915 – 1917 Gen. Emanuele Filiberto di Savoia, Duca
d’Aosta 1869 - 1931
Military Governor
Governatore Militare
1918 - 1919 LtGen. Carlo Petitti di Roreto, Commander
of the XIV Army Corps
Extraordinary Commissioner for Venezia Giulia
Commissario Straordinario per la Venezia Giulia
1919 Augusto Ciuffelli 1856 - 1921
General Civil Commissioners
Commissari Generali Civili
1919 Augusto Ciuffelli s.a.
1919 - 1922 Antonio Mosconi 1866 - 1955
PREFECTS
(ISR = Prefects appointed by the Italian Social Republic)
Prefects of Fiume
Prefetti di Fiume
1924 Gaetano Giardino, before military governor
of the City of Fiume 1864 - 1935
1924 - 1925 Michele Sorge 1865 - 1957
1925 - 1930 Emanuele Vivorio 1872 - 1959
1930 - 1934 Antonio De Biase 1874 - 1948
1934 - 1938 Francesco Turbacco 1886 - 1849
1938 - 1943 Temistocle Testa 1897 - 1949
1943 Agostino Podestà 1905 - 1969
1943 Pietro Chiariotti 1883 - 1966
1943 Riccardo Giganti (ISR) 1881 - 1945
1943 Alessandro Spalatin (ISR) 1886 -
Prefects of Gorizia
Prefetti di Gorizia
1927 - 1929 Anselmo Cassini 1868 -
1929 - 1930 Sergio Dompieri 1884 - 1970
1930 - 1933 Carlo Tiengo 1892 - 1945
1933 Nicola Enrico Trotta 1879 - 1945
1933 - 1935 Salvatore Introna 1878 - 1961
1935 - 1937 Tommaso Ciampani 1885 - 1967
1937 - 1939 Vezio Orazi 1904 - 1942
1939 Carlo Manno 1885 - 1951
1939 - 1943 Aldo Cavani 1885 - 1964
1943 Francesco Bellini 1899 -
1943 Torquato Carnevali (ISR) 1885 - 1950
1943 - 1945 Marino Pace (ISR) 1892 -
Prefects of Pola
Prefetti di Pola
1922 - 1925 Alberto Giannoni
1925 - 1926 Anselmo Cassini s.a.
1926 - 1928 Enrico Cavalieri 1883 - 1949
1928 - 1931 Leone Leone
1931 - 1933 Italo Foschi
1933 - 1939 Oreste Cimoroni
1939 - 1941 Renzo Chierici
1941 - 1943 Vincenzo Berti
1943 Emanuele Zannelli (ISR)
1943 - 1945 Ludovico Artusi (ISR)
Prefects of Trieste
Prefetti di Trieste
1922 - 1924 Francesco Crispo Moncada 1867 - 1952
1924 - 1925 Amadeo Moroni 1876 - 1926
1925 - 1926 Giovanni Gasti 1869 - 1939
1926 - 1929 Bruno Fornaciari 1881 - 1959
1929 - 1933 Ettore Porro 1874 - 1947
1933 - 1936 Carlo Tiengo 1892 - 1945
1936 - 1939 Eolo Rebua 1878 - 1959
1939 - 1941 Dino Borri 1885 - 1970
1941 - 1943 Tullio Tamburini 1892 - 1957
1943 Giuseppe Cocuza 1882 - 1974
1943 Tulio Tamburini (2x)
1943 - 1945 Bruno Coceani (ISR), Chief prefect
of all Italian provinces of Adriatisches
Küstenland 1893 -
Prefects of Udine
Prefetti di Udine
(since 1922)
1922 - 1923 Francesco, Conte Carandini 1853 - 1946
1923 Pietro Pisenti 1887 - 1980
1923 - 1925 Giulio Nencetti 1866 -
1925 - 1926 Umberto Ricci 1878 - 1957
1926 Nicola Spadavecchia 1878 - 1956
1926 - 1928 Agostino Irai 1893 - 1980
1928 Enrico Cavalieri s.a.
1928 - 1931 Riccardo Motta 1878 - 1962
1931 - 1932 Mario Chiesa 1898 - 1938
1932 - 1938 Tesmistocle Testa s.a.
1938 - 1939 Giovanni, Duca Niutta, Marchese di
Marescotti 1879 - 1939
1939 - 1941 Marcello Bofondi 1896 - 1960
1941 Giovanni Battista Zanframundo* 1891 - 1969
1941 - 1943 Pietro Chiariotti 1883 - 1966
1943 Giovanni Mosconi 1898 - 1968
1943 Ugo Mazzolani (ISR) 1883 - 1974
1943 Giovanni Mosconi (ISR) (2x)
1943 - 1945 Riccardo, Nobile De Beden (ISR) 1877 - 1954
1945 - 1946 Agostino Candolini 1885 - 1973
HOME
INDEX