J: Clode's Right Political Dictionary
“Jingoism” This word is used to describe outpourings of national chauvinism or aggression during international confrontations. The term was coined during the British parliamentary debate of 1876 over whether to send military forces to protect Christians from persecution in Turkey. As the international wrangle escalated, conservative leader Benjamin Disraeli threatened Russia with war. Supporters of war began singing the following chorus in the music halls: “We don't want to fight, yet by jingo, if we do, We've got the ships, we've got the men, And got the money, too!” Consequently, supporters of war became known as “jingoes” and their conduct was known as “jingoistic”. Jingoism is often to be heard in the rhetoric of politicians, but is most commonly measured by the bellicose passion of the general populace.
"Junta" Juntas are totalitarian forms of government, involving military leaders who have assumed power by force of arms. Juntas, comprising military forces, should be distinguished from "cabals" which are non-military coup governments. A cabal may instead by linked by kin or partisan political orientation. "Junta" is a label which was commonly applied to South American republican governments in the 20th century, many of whom deposed each other in successive armed coups. The latin roots of the word suggest "joining" of people in power, in reference to the group form of leadership. Military leaders of Latin American coups would often govern by means of a council or committee. The term is intended to be pejorative, denoting that a regime is undemocratic. The correct Spanish pronunciation is Hoon-ta.
“Jurisdiction” To have jurisdiction, is to possess legal authority over a particular issue or area. For instance, a national government has jurisdiction over the people and resources within the geographical boundaries of its country, its airspace and territorial waters. A court has jurisdiction over legal matters which they are constitutionally empowered to hear, whereas a judge has jurisdiction over particular disputes which are legally referred to him. Many legal disputes actually concern whether a particular judge has jurisdiction to hear a matter (if he does not, then the matter may be within the jurisdiction of another court system, or alternatively the issue may be administrative rather than legal and therefore it requires consideration by a bureaucratic body). Within a federation, there are often jurisdictional disputes over whether a particular issue should legally be resolved by the national government or a state government. Since human nature inclines mankind to desire power, usually in a jurisdictional dispute the competing institutions will be both seeking greater jurisdiction, rather than wanting to shed jurisdiction over issues.