Systems Approaches to Problem Solving.

A systems approach to a problem is one which sees the problem itself, and any proposed solution in a systemic context - as a part of a connected whole, all of which must be considered in the processes of analysis, design and problem-solving. That whole is not simply a 'system' in the technological sense (an assembly of components), but a connected system of human activities, technologies - and even ideas.

A communication problem (in the sense of communication between human beings) is usually immersed in a rich context with many factors at work: groups of people with differing aims and perceptions, established communication channels, established technologies of communication, etc. All of these have to be understood before a perceived problem can be solved.

A systems approach is opposed to the idea of a 'technological fix' - the idea that a technology, in and of itself, is capable of solving a problem. A systems approach holds that technologies have to be introduced in an appropriate way - understanding and respecting non-technological factors - if they are not to become a problem in themselves.

A systems approach is usually expressed as a methodology - a systematic way of approaching problems based on step-by-step guidelines, and standards for documenting and diagramming findings and proposals. There are many such methodologies. The one that we will use in approaching our assignment task is loosely based on 'Soft Systems Methodology' ... an approach designed for systems with a prominent human component. This is based on the idea that 'soft' (human-centred) problems usually involve different groups of stakeholders, all with their own perceptions of the problem, their own agendas, and their own ideas of what constitutes an effective solution. The aim of SSM is to synthesise problem solutions that optimally satisfy all stakeholders..