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- 1) Emergency Regulations (Possession and Presentation of Identity Certificate) Ordinance (1948).
- 2)
Registration of Inhabitants (1949)
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| Registration of Inhabitants. |
- 2. A registration of inhabitants shall be introduced in the area of the Ordinance and shall be operated by registration offices.
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| Functions of registration offices. |
- 3. The functions of the registration offices shall be the following:
- (a) to keep a Register of Inhabitants containing the particulars of registration enumerated in section 4;
- (b) to issue, renew and enter changes in certificates of identity;
- (c) to issue copies of and extracts from entries in the Register of Inhabitants and supply information as to the name and residential address of any inhabitant;
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| Particulars of registration. |
- 4. The particulars of registration shall be the following:
- (a) surname, first name and names of parents and, where the names have been changed before the registration, the former names as well;
- (b) date and place of birth;
- (c) sex;
- (d) family status (single, married, widowed or divorced);
- (e) date of immigration and date of settling at place of residence;
- (f) nationality, ethnic group, religion;
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- 3) Population Registry Law (1965)
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| Registry and particulars of registration. |
- 2.
- (a) The following particulars relating to a resident, and any change therein, shall be entered in the Population Registry:
- (1) Surname, first name and previous names;
- (2) names of parents;
- (3) date and place of birth;
- (4) sex;
- (5) ethnic group;
- (6) religion;
- (7) personal status (single, maried, divorced or widowed);
- (8) name of spouse;
- (9) names, dates of birth, and sex, of children;
- (10) past and present nationality or nationalities;
- (11) address;
- (12) date of entry into Israel;
- (13) date of becoming a resident, within the meaning of subsection 1(a).
- (b) When a resident is first registered an "identity number" shall be fixed for his registration.
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| Contents of identity certificate. |
- 25. An identity certificate shall contain the particulars of registration prescribed by the Minister of the Interior with the approval of the Constitution, Legislation and Juridical Committee of the Knesset. The names of the children shall be entered both in the identity certificate of their father and in the identity certificate of their mother. A photograph of the holder shall be attached to every certificate, except the certificate of a woman who declares that she refuses to be photographed for religious reasons. An identity certificate shall bear the signature or fingerprint of the holder.
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- 4) Identity Certificate (Possession and Presentation) Law (1982): reaffirms the same list of identity particulars for the identity papers all citizens must carry.
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| International Human Rights Law concerning this form of discrimination. |
Here is what some of the international laws say about this particular kind of discrimination - unequality in immigration and citizenship:
- 1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (10 December 1948)
- Article 7. All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.
- Article 12. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
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- 2. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (21 December 1965)
- Article 2.
- 1. States Parties condemn racial discrimination and undertake to pursue by all appropriate means and without delay a policy of eliminating racial discrimination in all its forms and promoting understanding among all races, and, to this end:
- (c) Each State Party shall take effective measures to review governmental, national and local policies, and to amend, rescind or nullify any laws and regulations which have the effect of creating or perpetuating racial discrimination wherever it exists;
- Article 5.
- (a) The right to equal treatment before the tribunals and all other organs administering justice;
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- 3. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (16 December 1966)
- Article 26. All persons are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to the equal protection of the law. In this respect, the law shall prohibit any discrimination and guarantee to all persons equal and effective protection against discrimination on any ground such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
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- 4. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (16 December 1966)
- 5. International Covenant on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid (18 July 1976)
- Article II. For the purpose of the present Convention, the term "the crime of apartheid", which shall include similar policies and practices of racial segregation and discrimination as practised in southern Africa, shall apply to the following inhuman acts committed for the purpose of establishing and maintaining domination by one racial group of persons over any other racial group of persons and systematically oppressing them:
- c. Any legislative measures and other measures calculated to prevent a racial group or groups from participation in the political, social, economic and cultural life of the country and the deliberate creation of conditions preventing the full development of such a group or groups, in particular by denying to members of a racial group or groups basic human rights and freedoms, including the right to work, the right to form recognized trade unions, the right to education, the right to leave and to return to their country, the right to a nationality, the right to freedom of movement and residence, the right to freedom of opinion and expression, and the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association;
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