Is the poor growth of maize in the Maputaland area of South Africa caused by mineral deficiencies?

 

Abstract


Introduction:


Plan for the experiment:
Equipment:
The nutrient solutions:
Measurement:
Variables and their control
Hypotheses:


Method:


Results:
Table of results
Graphs
Growth in the different solutions: Percentage germination:
Deformities:


Possible reasons:
Reasons for stunted growth and deformities:
Growth rates:

What caused the different germination rates?
What about the plants native to the Maputaland area?
Conclusions


Impact on the people of the Maputaland area:


Limitations:


Possible future experimentation:


Bibliography


Further Reading


Raw data


Appendix :Raw data

 

 

= Missing data

= Plants affected by the wilting disease


Date

Row

Complete solution

Sulphur deficient

Magnesium deficient

Nitrate deficient

Maputaland nutrients

27-Nov

1

5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4

0.5

1.5

4

1

1.5

3

2

4

1

1

2

2

2.5

3

4

1.5

3

3.5

2

3

2

1

2

1

2

2

3

1

2

2

2

3

2

1

0.5

0.5

0.5

1

3

2.5

3

3

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

2

3

2

0.5

0.5

1

2

5.5

4

0.5

2

4

0.5

0.5

1

2

1

2

2

1

0.5

1

5

3

0.5

0.5

3.5

2

1.5

3

2.5

2.5

3

3.5

3

1

3

2

2

0.5

1

1.5

1.5

2.5

0.5

1

3

2

3

6

2.5

4

3

0.5

2

2

2

2

0.5

1

1

4

0.5

2

3

5

1.5

2.5

0.5

0.5

2

1.5

2

1

0.5

3

1

0.5

1

2

3

0.5

3

3

3

5

7

2

3.5

5

2.5

2

3

0.5

2

1

2

3

2

0.5

2

2

2

3

3.5

4.5

2

2.5

1

1

5.5

4

3

0.5

0.5

2

2

3.5

2.5

2

2

3.5

1

1

0.5

0.5

5

3

2

1.5

3

0.5

0.5

2

1

1

0.5

4

4

3

5

0.5

MISSING DATA

3

1

1

1.5

0.5

4

1

8

3

3

3

5

7

3

0.5

4

5

6

3

5

4.5

1.5

0.5

2

3

3

4

4

1.5

8

6

1

2.5

1.5

2

2

5

4

4

3

0.5

0.5

0.5

1

4

4

4

1

0.5

0.5

2

3

3

5

1

1

2

6

4

1

2

2

3

5

5

6

7

2

5.5

5.5

4

4

4

5.5

4

6

0.5

4

3

1.5

Mean

1.75

0.57

3.24

1.64

0.6

2.45

1.45

0.5

2.26

1.63

0.6

2.51

1.19

0.42

1.65

28-Nov

1

6.5

6.5

6.5

6

0.5

2

2

2.5

5

5

1.5

1.5

2

0.5

0.5

5

3

2

3

5.5

4

4

7

2

5

3.5

3.5

4

4

3

2

1.5

2

2

2

4.5

2.5

3.5

0.5

4

3.5

5

3.5

1

1

1.5

1

0.5

5

2

4

4

4

0.5

3

1

1

2

4

4

1

0.5

1

3

2.5

2

1

3

7

6

6

1.5

1.5

0.5

0.5

3.5

3.5

1.5

2

2

2.5

7.5

2

0.5

4.5

3.5

2

0.5

2

3

3

5.5

3

5

4

2

4

3

3

3

0.5

2

2.5

3

1.5

0.5

2.5

4

1

0.5

2.5

5

8

4

6

4

0.5

4

3

3.5

3

0.5

1

1.5

5

0.5

0.5

2.5

6

4

2

4

2.5

1

1

4

1

1.5

2

1

2

4

2.5

2

1

5.5

3

4

6

9

4

3

4.5

6

4.5

1

3

3

3.5

4

5

1

0.5

1.5

1

3

0.5

0.5

5

2.5

4

4.5

5.5

3

3.5

0.5

5

2

4.5

1

4.5

1.5

0.5

3

3

4.5

3.5

3

3.5

4

1

1.5

1

1

0.5

8.5

4

2

1

4.5

1.5

2.5

1

1

0.5

1.5

2

5

0.5

6

4

7

6

3

4

0.5

3

3

2.5

0.5

0.5

4

1

4

4.5

9.5

0.5

4.5

3.5

8.5

7

6

7

5

0.5

3.5

6.5

3

6

3

4

4.5

0.5

5.5

6

3

9

6.5

1

3

3.5

6.5

6.5

2

2

5.5

4.5

0.5

1

0.5

1

2

5.5

6

4

1

2

3

1

3.5

2

3

5

1

7

4.5

5.5

2.5

4

3.5

2.5

6.5

5.5

4

8

8.5

7

7.5

5.5

5.5

5

1

1

4.5

7.5

7

4

4.5

3

Mean

2.26

0.71

4.21

2.04

0.74

3.25

1.85

0.64

3.12

2.16

0.7

3.1

1.49

0.5

2.37

30-Nov

1

9.5

9.5

10

4

8

6

5

5.5

5.5

7.5

7.5

3

5

1

9

5

5

8

7

10

5

7

7.5

1

7.5

0.5

6

6.5

8

3.5

4.5

2

5

5

4

7.5

2

3

7.5

6

1

6.5

6.5

8.5

6.5

1.5

1

4

4

2

1.5

9

5

8

2

6.5

7

3

4.5

5.5

2.5

7

4.5

1.5

1.5

7.5

1

3

6

3.5

2

8.5

7

3

9

4

0.5

4

9

4

3.5

5.5

6.5

0.5

4

2.5

12

4

5

5

7

0.5

6

4.5

4.5

5

7.5

8

7

4

6

6.5

3.5

0.5

0.5

2

3

5

3

3

6

4

7

8

7

6

10

9

8

1.5

1

7

4.5

6

4.5

2

4

8.5

0.5

5

8

7.5

1

7

3.5

2

3

5

3

3

1

4

7

3.5

2.5

5

3

3

2

9

4

4.5

3

6

7.5

9

13

5.5

8

7.5

7.5

2.5

5

5

0.5

6

8

7

3

2

1

3

5.5

4

6.5

6.5

7.5

5.5

7.5

1

7

4

8.5

8

4

0.5

6.5

5

6

6

6

4

4

7

3

1.5

2

2.5

11

7.5

5

6

3

7

2

1

7

3.5

2

3

7

0.5

6.5

9.5

10

1.5

1

7

5

8

5

6

1.5

5

4.5

4

2

0.5

8.5

9

13

6

8

5.5

1

8

9

7

7.5

9

5

7.5

4.5

5

6

5

8

8

6.5

9

10

1.5

4

5.5

8

9

3.5

4.5

8.5

1

0.5

6.5

0.5

1.5

1

3

9

9

9.5

3

0.5

2

4

5

6

2.5

3.5

6

2

11

6

7

5.5

4.5

4

6

9.5

7.5

10

9.5

10

9.5

0.5

6

6.5

6.5

2

2

8.5

10

5.5

5

6.5

4.5

Mean

2.79

0.88

6.43

2.82

0.99

5.26

2.45

0.83

4.94

3.09

1.01

5.08

2.12

0.7

4.27

01-Dec

1

9.5

10

10.5

4.5

9

7

5.5

5.5

8.5

5.5

8

3.5

5

1.5

10

7

5.5

11:00

8

8

8

7.5

11

2

5

6.5

8

8.5

9.5

7

0.5

6

3

1

5

3

6.5

4.5

5

7

2.5

3

7.5

7

1.5

7

6.5

2

6

9.5

0.5

1.5

5

5.5

3

9

6

1.5

8.5

2.5

6.5

8

3

6

3

5

6.5

2.5

2.5

8

5

2

3.5

7

4

2

8.5

3

9

7.5

4.5

10

0.5

1

5

4

4.5

6.5

6.5

4.5

3.5

4.5

0.5

13

0.5

6

6

8

9

6.5

5

5

5.5

8

9

5.5

7

0.5

7

6.5

2.5

0.5

1

3.5

5

5

2

3

7

5.5

8

8

7

10

9

2

0.5

9

8

0.5

5.5

5

6.5

7

2

5

2

8.5

0.5

5.5

9.5

8.5

4.5

7

5.5

3

3.5

7

4.5

1

3.5

3

5.5

4

3.5

5

4

10

2

3

7

8

14

9.5

6

9

8

7.5

5.5

5.5

3

0.5

3

8.5

7.5

2.5

3

6

1

4.5

7

7

8.5

7

6.5

1.5

7.5

9.5

5

8.5

1.5

4.5

7.5

0.5

6

6

7

7

5

1.5

3.5

7.5

4

3

2.5

5.5

12.5

3

8

6.5

3

7

2

1

7.5

4

2

3

5.5

3

3.5

10.5

6.5

10.5

7

8.5

5

7

1.5

5.5

6.5

3

5.5

5

4

1.5

0.5

8

8

8

6

5.5

13.5

8.5

0.5

8

10.5

7

7.5

10

5.5

7.5

5

5.5

6.5

5

8

10.5

8

7

9

2

4.5

6

4

5

8

9.5

2

9.5

6.5

1.5

0.5

1.5

3.5

9

9.5

3

8

2

5

5.5

1

2

6

2.5

3.5

6

6.5

12.5

7.5

6

5

5.5

4

9.5

7.5

8

9.5

10

1

9

10.5

6.5

6.5

7

6

2.5

2

9.5

11

4.5

7.5

5

Mean

2.6

0.81

7.05

2.91

0.98

5.39

2.57

0.87

5.35

3.29

1.06

5.41

2.37

0.78

4.75

02-Dec

1

10

5

10.5

11

7

5.5

6

6.5

8.5

8.5

4.5

6

1.5

10.5

7.5

5.5

9.5

9

7.5

11.5

8

5.5

9

7

3.5

9

11.5

8

6.5

0.5

4

1.5

3.5

6

7.5

6.5

6

7

3

4

8

8

2

8

7.5

3

7.5

11

0.5

2.5

6

6

4

10

7

7.5

9.5

2.5

6.5

8

6

4

6

3

7

5

9

3

3

8

4

4.5

2

8.5

4

8.5

9

6.5

0.5

1

11

7

6.5

5

6.5

7

13.5

4

4.5

1

4.5

0.5

6.5

6.5

8.5

7

5.5

10

5.5

5

9.5

8

7.5

5.5

1.5

8

0.5

7.5

3

4

1

3

6

5.5

4

8

5.5

8.5

10.5

8

9

12

0.5

9.5

2

9

7

5.5

1

7

8.5

3.5

3

6

8.5

0.5

3

0.5

3.5

6

1

5

7

7

3.5

4

2

4.5

6

8

9

5.5

7.5

1.5

11.5

4

5

2

3

7

8.5

14

10.5

6

9

8

8

6

6

3

8

6.5

7.5

11.5

3

3.5

6.5

1

5

7

8

7.5

9.5

7

1.5

8.5

9.5

3

7.5

0.5

1

1.5

1.5

4

7

7

8

5

6.5

2.5

3.5

7.5

5

3.5

3.5

13

7

8

7.5

5.5

5.5

4

1

3

5

4

9

0.5

8.5

11.5

11.5

3

7

6

11

9

2.5

2

8

5.5

4

4

1.5

9

9

10

6

6.5

14.5

6

8.5

11

7

0.5

4

7

1

9.5

7.5

6

5.5

6.5

5

8

7.5

7.5

9

10.5

2

5.5

7

5

5

8

10

10.5

6.5

9.5

2

0.5

1

5

8

11.5

9

4.5

9.5

6

2

5

1.5

6

2

6.5

3.5

2.5

13.5

6.5

8.5

13.5

7

3.5

7

2

10

7.5

9.5

11

7.5

1.5

11.5

10

6.5

7

7

9

5.5

7.5

1.5

7.5

3.5

7

2

Mean

2.46

0.78

7.84

3.09

1.05

5.9

2.69

0.92

5.89

3.57

1.12

6.13

2.56

0.84

4.79

03-Dec

1

11

10.5

6.5

10

11

6.5

5

9.5

7

8

7.5

9.5

5

6

1.5

12.5

8

7

10.5

7

6

20:30

9.5

9.5

9

12

7.5

8

6

5.5

9.5

4

8

0.5

11

2

4

0.5

6

9

9

7

7

3.5

4.5

8

8.5

2.5

8.5

8

7

10

6

2.5

6.5

6

4.5

11.5

7

9.5

2.5

3

8

7

4

7

0.5

3.5

6.5

3

3

7

10

5

5

3

4

7

2

8.5

9

5.5

9.5

6.5

12.5

5.5

0.5

1.5

3.5

8

4.5

5

1

4

14

5

1

5.5

9.5

7

7.5

11

5.5

5

5.5

10.5

8

2.5

8

6

6.5

5.5

7

7

6

3.5

2

1

7

6

8.5

6

8.5

12.5

8.5

10

12.5

10

0.5

2

9.5

8.5

1

8

3

4

9.5

6.5

3

0.5

9.5

6.5

9

6

8

7.5

4.5

3.5

1.5

6

9.5

7

7.5

5.5

4

4

5

4

12

2

3

7

9

13

10.5

7

6.5

10

8.5

9

6

3

6.5

1

4.5

7

9

8

3

3.5

6.5

1

7.5

5.5

8

8

10

8

2

9

3.5

4

11

6.5

3

9.5

0.5

1.5

5

8

7.5

7.5

7

8.5

5.5

3

5

8

3.5

4

4

6.5

5

14.5

8.5

7.5

3

7

2

1.5

3.5

5

3.5

9.5

0.5

9

12

7

12

3.5

9.5

5.5

7.5

1

8

6.5

5.5

6

4.5

4

10

1.5

0.5

9

10

6

9

15

6

9

11

8

0.5

12

8.5

8

7

6

5.5

7

5

7.5

8

5.5

9.5

4.5

7

3

2

6.5

5.5

8

10.5

10

4

0.5

7

1.5

4

1

1

8

11.5

10

9.5

8.5

6

1.5

5

2.5

2

6.5

6.5

2

2.5

14

8

6.5

7.5

5.5

4.5

5.5

11

8

10

9

0.5

12

1.5

10

6.5

6.5

7.5

13

6

2

3

9.5

3.5

7.5

5

Mean

2.66

0.83

8.07

3.3

1.11

6.11

2.85

0.96

6.08

3.55

1.11

6.35

2.61

0.85

5.22

04-Dec

1

10.5

11

11.5

7

10.5

8

7

6

8

8.5

6

9

7

1

11

7.5

7

17:30

10

12

9.5

8

9

7

7

5.5

9.5

10

13.5

8.5

0.5

7

4

6

2.5

3.5

1

9

7.5

7.5

7

4

8.5

9.5

5

2.5

9

8

11.5

8

4

3

7

5.5

4.5

12.5

3

9.5

7.5

3

9

6.5

7

4

7.5

3.5

3.5

3

7

5

9.5

8

5

4

5

2

9

5

9

8.5

7

0.5

14

9

1.5

7.5

5

6.5

7

5

5

15

4.5

0.5

5.5

10.5

7

7

10.5

5.5

5

5

11

8

8.5

6

3

8

1

8

3.5

1.5

4

5.5

7.5

3

5.5

8

8.5

6

13

8.5

9.5

12.5

0.5

10

2

9.5

7.5

7

1.5

9.5

5

5

6.5

3

9.5

0.5

9

6.5

8.5

7

8.5

8

4.5

3.5

2

6.5

5.5

8.5

4

6.5

4.5

4

6

4

11.5

2

3

9

7

10.5

13.5

7

9

10.5

9

7.5

6.5

3.5

5.5

0.5

7.5

9.5

7.5

3.5

0.5

4

7

1

8.5

5.5

7

6.5

0.5

10.5

8

2

9.5

10

2.5

6.5

9

5

8

0.5

1.5

7

8

6

6.5

5

8

3.5

3

4.5

4.5

6.5

5

14

6

7.5

3.5

7

2

10

5

3.5

7

0.5

9

12

12

4

7

10

5.5

7.5

5

1

7

8

4.5

6.5

6

4

1.5

9

9

11

0.5

6

9

15.5

5.5

8.5

11

7.5

8

7

7.5

12

5.5

5.5

7

5

7.5

8.5

8.5

10

10.5

4

7

2.5

5

6.5

8.5

11.5

11

5

7

0.5

1.5

0

3.5

1

11.5

9

6

9

2.5

5

1.5

6

5.5

1.5

3

3.5

6

14.5

8

6

8

5

5

4

10

7.5

11

9.5

8.5

0.5

2.5

12

9

5.5

6.5

6

3

2.5

6

13

10

6.5

4

4.5

Mean

2.57

0.81

8.33

3.46

1.16

6.3

2.7

0.92

6.39

3.56

1.14

6.45

2.66

0.86

5.2

05-Dec

1

11.5

10.5

7.5

10.5

11

8.5

7

6

8.5

8.5

9

5.5

7

1

11

8

7

09:00

10

9.5

12.5

8

9.5

7

7

10

5.5

10

14

8.5

0.5

7

4.5

6

1

3.5

3

9.5

7.5

7.5

7.5

3.5

5

9

9

3

9

8

12

8.5

4

7

5.5

4

2.5

11

8

10

2.5

7

3

7.5

7

3.5

8

4

7

10

5

3.5

3.5

8.5

5.5

4

5

2

8.5

8.5

5

9.5

7.5

0.5

13

5.5

1.5

8

5.5

7

7

5

0.5

5

14.5

5

0.5

6

9

7

7.5

10.5

6

5.5

5.5

8.5

11

6.5

8.5

3.5

8.5

1

8

4

8

3.5

6

1

4

8

5.5

9

6

13.5

8.5

12.5

9

10

0.5

2.5

9.5

1

5

8

9.5

6.5

9.5

7.5

3

0.5

9.5

7

9

7

9

3.5

5

8.5

2

7

5.5

4

8.5

6

3.5

3.5

5.5

12

2

4

3

9

7

10.5

13.5

7

9.5

10.5

7.5

6.5

9

3.5

4.5

0.5

8

10

7.5

3

3.5

6.5

1

9

6

7

8

0.5

11

8

2.5

9.5

10

6.5

9

3.5

5

0.5

2

8.5

7.5

8

6

8.5

6

3.5

3.5

8

5

4.5

4.5

6.5

9

14.5

6

7.5

7

3.5

2

1.5

3

6.5

5.5

10.5

0.5

9.5

11.5

7.5

4

12

9.5

6

7.5

0

4.5

6

5.5

7

8

4

10.5

9

10.5

0

0.5

3

9

15.5

6

9

11

7.5

0.5

8

12.5

7

4

5.5

7

5

6

7.5

8.5

8.5

9.5

10.5

0

6.5

3.5

5

7.5

8.5

11.5

11

4.5

7.5

0.5

1.5

0

4

1

12

9.5

6

9

6.5

5.5

1.5

2

5.5

1.5

6.5

0

1

15.5

6.5

8.5

8

6

5.5

4.5

10

7.5

11

7.5

9

0.5

12

9

2.5

6.5

7.5

2.5

13

3

3.5

9.5

7

4

4.5

Mean

2.73

0.85

8.28

3.53

1.18

6.24

2.99

1.01

6.28

3.81

1.24

6.52

2.65

0.86

5.34

07-Dec

1

11.5

10.5

8

10.5

11.5

8.5

7

6.5

9

9

9

6

7.5

1.5

11

8.5

5

09:30

10.5

10

9.5

8

12.5

7

7.5

10

6.5

10

14.5

8.5

7.5

0

4.5

6

3

4

1

10

8

2.5

8

0.5

9

9.5

5

3

9

8.5

6

8

12

3

7.5

5.5

5

14

10.5

2.5

8.5

3

8

7

8

3

7

4.5

11

3.5

3.5

7

5

8.5

5

5.5

4

2

8.5

5.5

9.5

9.5

5.5

1.5

0.5

8

14.5

7

7.5

6

8

16

5

5

5

0.5

6

11

7

8

11

3.5

6

5.5

8

3.5

8.5

11

6

9.5

0.5

8

4

6

1.5

3

8

8

5.5

9

5.5

14.5

9

12.5

10.5

0.5

10.5

10

2

5.5

2

10

6

7.5

3.5

0.5

7

9

9

7

10

0

5

9

8.5

7

6

2

4

6.5

4.5

4.5

6

9.5

4

2

3

11

9

2.5

12.5

8

9

11

9.5

6.5

8

3.5

5

7.5

1.5

10.5

8

3

4

1

7

9

6

7.5

8

11.5

9

10

2.5

10

9

8

4

0.5

1

3

9

7

8.5

6

8

4

4

8.5

5

5

5

6.5

6

14.5

8.5

7.5

1.5

7

3.5

2

11

5

7

3.5

1

9.5

5

13

12

7.5

0

6

5.5

10

6.5

5.5

5.5

6.5

8.5

4

9

0

0.5

7

11

3

9

15.5

5.5

6

11.5

8

3

5.5

6

0

5.5

7

6

7

9

8.5

9.5

4

0

7.5

4

5

8

8

12.5

8

3.5

13

7

1

0

3.5

1

12

9.5

11

6.5

2

3

1.5

6.5

0

0

5

6.5

2.5

12

7.5

0.5

5

8

6

4.5

6

10

9

4.5

7.5

11.5

1

12.5

9

3.5

3

6

6

16

8

6.5

0

7

4

1

Mean

3.13

0.98

8.23

3.73

1.26

6.4

3.08

1.08

6.54

3.79

1.24

6.52

2.81

0.91

5.19

©1999 Benjamin Fredlund 1