Visnutatva Vinirnaya

-by Sri Madhvacharya

translated by Prof K.T Pandurangi

Chapter Two (part-4)

Supremacy of Lord Visnu is Established

Chaturmukhabrahma, Shiva, the other deities and all other Jivas are designated as Ksara, because, their body perishes. Goddess Lakshmi is designated as Aksara, because, her body is imperishable. Lord Hari is superior to these two. Lord Hari is Supreme as he possesses independence, power, knowledge, bliss etc., attributes infinitely. Therefore Lakshmi, Chaturmukha etc., all are entirely under his control. Lord Hari creates, sustains, destroys, regulates by vidhi and Nisheda, gives knowledge, veils by ignorance, puts in bondage and releases the satvik souls. He also enables Goddess Lakshmi to manifest, to remain without a perishing body, to function as per his order, to know all directly and to have eternal bliss. It is Lord Hari who enables all to function. None else can create, sustain etc. Lord Hari is absolutely free from the drawbacks. Thus, states Parama Sruti.

 

Chaturmukhabrahma, Sesa, Suparna i.e., Garuda, Sakra i.e., Indra, Surya, Guru i.e, Sanmukha etc., all Jivas are Ksaras, Goddess Lakshmi is Akshara. Lord Hari is superior to both these. Thus states Skanda Purana.

 

Whomsoever I wish to make Ugra i.e., Rudra I shall make him so; I wish to make Chaturmukhabrahma I shall make him so; I wish to make a wise sage I shall make him so; I shall wield my bow to kill Rudra the destroyer who cut the fifth head of Chaturmukhabrahma. I shall make all to rejoice. I enter Dyuloka and Pritviloka ( all world above and below).

 

I shall make Chaturmukhabrahma superior. However, my superior is in the ocean. He who is in the ocean and whom even wise do not know completely, he who is designated as Aksara and under whose control all function, he from whom the Goddess Lakshmi the mother of all arises, he who creates the Jivas in Prithvi etc., worlds with the physical body as per their deeds by his great power, he who has entered into the planets, men cattle and all other sentient and non-sentient beings to regulate them and he from whom there is no Superior, is the Supreme, greater than great, one beyond the senses, has infinite forms, possesses infinite attributes, ancient, above Prakriti.

 

He is true knowledge, and acts with true knowledge. It is he who is called Parama Brahman.

 

Rudra who causes the bondage to the Jivas obtained his greatness by worshipping Lord Visnu who bestows the desires of his devotees, whose wishes always come true, and who is splendid.

 

O, Asvini deities! You obtained a prosperous place by the grace of Lord Visnu only.

 

Chandra arose from the mind of the Supreme God, Indra and Agni arose from the mouth, Vayu from Prana.

 

In great destruction of the universe Narayna alone was present. There was no Four faced Brahma, Rudra or Agnisoma. There was Dyuloka and Prithviloka.

 

There was Narayana alone. No Four faced Brahma nor Sankara. Narayana remained silent, he thought. Then Visva(Vayu),  Hiranyagarbha (Four faced Brahma), Agni, Yama, Varuna, Rudra, Indra were born.

 

Before creation Vasudeva alone was present. There were no Four faced Brahma, Sankara, Indra, Surya, Guha, Soma or Vinayaka. Thus the srutis state.

 

‘There is none  higher than him but there is a lower.’ In this statement it is affirmed that there is lower.  If there were no lower, then, the next statements ‘that is full with him’ and ‘he who is Superior has no prakrita form, who is free from the drawbacks’ will be contradicted. That which is referred by Idam in the statement “Tena idam purnam’ is referred to by ‘Tatha’ in the next statement ‘Tato yad uttarataram’. Otherwise the statement that ‘Yasmat Param na’ will be contradicted.

 

Lord Visnu who is conveyed by all names is declared to be the Supreme. All names are his names. He is distinct from all others, independent, he is same along and Supreme. These sruti statements declare his overlordship by stating that the names of all other gods are primarily his names.

 

All Vedas declare that he is absolutely free from the drawbacks, he is necessarily present before creation while all other gods do have some or other drawbacks, they are not present before creation. They are not conveyed by all names.

 

Vasudeva revealing himself in his origination. There is no other form of creation of him. Four faced brahma etc. are born by obtaining the body as stated in the scriptures.

 

The body of Lord Hari which is aprakrita and of the nature of Janana, Ananda etc., is beginning less and eternal while the body of four faced Brahma etc., are non-eternal. Lord Hari only reveals himself while others are born.


1