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WAN PROTOCOL OBJECTIVES

8. Differentiate between the following WAN service: Frame Relay, ISDN / LAPD, HDLC, & PPP.

9. Recognize key Frame Relay terms and features.

10. List commands to configure Frame Relay LMIs, maps, and subinterfaces.

11. List commands to monitor Frame Relay operation in the router.

12. Identify PPP operations to encapsulate WAN data on Cisco routers.

13. State a relevant use and context for ISDN networking.

14. Identify ISDN protocols, functions groups, reference points, and channels.

15. Describe Cisco's implementation of ISDN BRI.

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8. Differentiate between the following WAN service: Frame Relay, ISDN / LAPD, HDLC, & PPP.

Frame Relay

• A logical connection between two DTEs across a packet-switched network (PSN).
• Modified from X.25, faster and more efficient.
• Identified by Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI).
• Uses PVC at layer two.

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

• Can transmit text, data, voice, music, graphics, and video.
• Covers Physical, Data Link, Network, and Transport layers.
• Digital service that runs over existing telephone networks.

High-Level Data-Link Control (HDLC)

• Cisco's proprietary.
• Default encapsulation for Cisco serial interface.
• Modified from Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC).

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

• Uses Link Control Protocol (LCP) to make and maintain Data Link connection.
• Modified from Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP).
• Support IP, IPX, AppleTalk, DECNet, OSI/CLNS, and transparent bridging.

9. Recognize key Frame Relay terms and features.

Frame Relay internetwork

• DLCI number.
• Data Terminal Equipment (DTE).
• Data Communication Equipment (DCE).
• Demarc.
• Local loop.
• Packet Switch Exchange (PSE).

10. List commands to configure Frame Relay LMIs, maps, and subinterfaces.

LMI types supported by Cisco

• ANSI
• Cisco
• Q933a

Frame relay encapsulation types supported by Cisco

• Cisco, when connecting two Cisco devices.
• Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), when connecting to a non-Cisco device.

Hands on commands

• Subinterface command
  • interface [serial number] [point-to-point / multipoint]

11. List commands to monitor Frame Relay operation in the router.

Show LMI type

• sh int
• sh frame lmi

Show DLCI numbers

• sh run
• sh frame pvc

12. Identify PPP operations to encapsulate WAN data on Cisco routers.

PPP (Successor of SLIP) provides router to router and host to network connection via synchronous and asynchronous communications. Works with IO, IPX ARA. It has built in security like CHAP and PAP.

PPP relies on

• LCP (Link Control Protocol) to establish, configure and test data link connections for data compression.
• NCP (Network Control Protocol) for establishing and configuring Network layer protocols.

13. State a relevant use and context for ISDN networking.

ISDN is used for

• High-speed voice and data capability.
• Videoconferencing.

14. Identify ISDN protocols, functions groups, reference points, and channels.

Protocols

• E - existing telephone network.
• I - concepts, terminology, and services.
• Q - switching and signaling

Terminal function groups

• TE1 - understands ISDN standards.
• TE2 - predates ISDN standards, require a TA (terminal adapter).

Reference points

• R: non-ISDN — TA.
• S: user terminals — NT2.
• T: NT1 — NT2 devices.
• U: NT1 — line termination.

Channels

• BRI - 2 64k B channels + 1 16k D channel.
• PRI - 23 64k B channels + 1 64k D channel.

15. Describe Cisco's implementation of ISDN BRI.

ISDN BRI

2 64k B channels + 1 16k D channel.

IOS command

• Display ISDN switch type
  • isdn switch-type