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LAN SWITCHING OBJECTIVES

46. Technologies to segment an Ethernet.

47. LAN segmentation using bridges.

48. LAN segmentation using routers.

49. LAN segmentation using switches.

50. Switching mode.

51. Full- and half-duplex Ethernet operation.

52. Network congestion problem in Ethernet networks.

53. Benefits of network segmentation with bridges.

54. Benefits of network segmentation with routers.

55. LAN Switches feature.

56. Features and benefits of Fast Ethernet.

57. Guidelines and distance limitations of Fast Ethernet.

58. Operation of the STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) and its benefits.

59. Benefits of VLANs.

60. Frame tagging.

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46. Technologies to segment an Ethernet.

• Physical Segmentation.
• Network Switching Technology (Microsegmentation).
• Full-Duplex Ethernet Devices.
• Fast Ethernet.
• FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface).
• Devices: bridge, router, switch.

47. LAN segmentation using bridges.

• A device that filters a network by MAC, or hardware, address.
• Defined at the Data Link layer.

48. LAN segmentation using routers.

• A device that creates internetworks and does network addressing.
• Defined at the Network layer.

49. LAN segmentation using switches.

• A device that forward packets based on the MAC address in the frame.
• Defined at the Data Link  layer.

Types of switching

• Port configuration switching.
• Frame switching.
• Call switching.

50. Switching mode.

• Store-and-Forward
  • The LAN switch copies the entire frame into its onboard buffers and then locks up the destination address in its forwarding, or switching, table and determines the outgoing interface.
  • Has the highest latency.
  • Latency varies depending on frame length.
  • Default for Cisco 5505e.
• Cut-Through (Real-Time)
  • The switch waits only for the header to be received before it checks the destination address and starts forwarding the packets.
  • Has the lowest latency.
• FragmentFree.

51. Full- and half-duplex Ethernet operation.

• Full-duplex
  • Uses a point-to-point connection from the transmitter of the transmitting station to the receiver of the receiving station.
  • Requirements
    • Two 10Mbps or 100Mbps paths.
    • Full-duplex NIC cards.
    • Loopback and collision detection disabled.
    • Software drivers supporting two simultaneous data paths.
    • Adherence to Ethernet distance standards.
• Half-duplex - 

52. Network congestion problem in Ethernet networks.

53. Benefits of network segmentation with bridges.

• Manageability.
• Reliability.
• Scalability.

54. Benefits of network segmentation with routers.

• Manageability.
• Flow control.
• Explicit packet lifetime control.
• Multiple active paths.

55. LAN Switches feature.

• Numerous simultaneous conversations.
• High-speed, data exchange.
• Low latency and high frame-forwarding rates.
• Dedicated communication between devices.
• Full-duplex communication.
• Media rate adaptation (both 10-and 100Mbps hosts can work on the same network).
• Compatibility with existing 802.3-compliant network interface cards and cabling.

56. Features and benefits of Fast Ethernet.

• 100BaseT has 10 times to performance of 10BaseT.
• Existing cabling and network equipment can be used.
• It can use 10Mbps and 100Mbps together.
• 100BaseT uses tried-and-true CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple access with collision detection) & 802.3u technology.
• Migration is easy.

57. Guidelines and distance limitations of Fast Ethernet.

• 10Base5 - 500 meters.

58. Operation of the STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) and its benefits.

• A protocol allowing data transfer without the existence of a virtual circuit.
• Benefits
  • Prevents loops in bridged or switched networks by implementing STA (spanning tree algorithm).
  • Allows redundant links.
  • Prunes topology to a terminal spanning tree.
  • Resilient to topology changes and device failures.
• IEEE specification: 802.1d.

59. Benefits of VLANs.

• Simplify moves, adds, and changes.
• Reduce administrative costs.
• Give better control of broadcast.
• Tighten network security.
• Provide microsegmentation with scalability.
• Distribute traffic load.
• Relocate server into secured locations.
• Created by location, function, group, department.

60. Frame tagging.

• Places a unique ID in the header of each frame.
• Defines user-assigned ID to each frame.
• Used by Catalyst 3000 and 5000 series switches.
• Specifically developed for multi-VLAN, inter-switch communication.
• Identifier is removed before frame exits switch on non-trunk links.
• Functions at the Data Link Layer.
• Requires little processing or administrative overhead.