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GENERAL
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The importance of camouflage and concealment is continuously emphasized on brigade operations. The ability to shoot, scoot, and communicate without being detected is essential to mission accomplishment.
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In winter the soldier is challenged because the whiteness of the country side emphasizes any item which may not blend in naturally with the surroundings. As you know, all your outer garments are white to help you blend in with the almost all white environment. Does that mean you wear white all the time? No! Often it becomes necessary to mix clothing depending on the background (i.e., a normal dark top when moving up or down a barren hill would silhouette the upper torso against the dark horizon at night). When wearing all white, soldiers should avoid dark backgrounds such as a tree line or when wearing a dark top should remain in a tree line. In other words, avoid a contrast.
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Camouflaging tracks and traits is a very difficult problem. Often nature solves this problem with a new snowfall. When possible movement should be conducted during snowfall or blizzard conditions. Deception techniques can also be used to mislead the enemy as to direction of ravel, strength of unit, location and intentions. A few skiers or over-snow vehicles can create a network of trails and tracks to confuse the enemy as to your intentions.
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EQUIPMENT
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Vehicles can be easily camouflaged by painting with a white latex paint. Other items of equipment are not that easily camouflaged. Tents for example can be camouflaged by site selection (trees) and by using old sheets, parachutes, or snow. The best form of camouflage for tentage is site selection. Place tents in among the trees and well spread out. It is essential that the base camp area of any unit be camouflaged. Special emphasis should be placed on not being observed from the air.
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CONCLUSION
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With today's sophisticated weapons and the wide open terrain units can be defeated at far ranges. The only way to avoid this is to learn how to shoot, scoot and communicate undetected.
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1. Purposes of camouflage, cover and concealment are what?
Deny enemy ground or air observation of your unit, equipment and position. Deny enemy intelligence the knowledge of your presence, positions, units and equipment
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2. What is cover?
Physical protection from bullets, fragments of exploding rounds, flame, nuclear effects and biological and chemical agents
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3. What is concealment?
Protection from enemy observation
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4. What are the eight basic factors of recognition in camouflaging your equipment.
-Position
-Shine
-Shadow
-Color
-Texture
-Height
-Tone
-Location
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5. When a position cannot be cited under natural cover, what should be used?
Camouflage nets
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6. Individual camouflage is the direct responsibility of who?
The individual soldier
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7. What diminishes shine from steel helmets?
Texturing
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8. What is one of the key factors of good camouflage?
Blending
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9. What is meant by camouflage?
Measures taken to conceal yourself, your equipment, or your position from enemy observation
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10. How do you camouflage your clothes and LBE?
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Clothes, LBE and other weapons and equipment will have outlines altered by irregular patterns added to blend with the predominant color of the background in the area
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11. There are two types of cover and concealment. What are the two types?
Natural cover - ravines, hollows, reverse slopes, bushes, grass and shadows
Artificial cover - foxholes, trenches, walls, burlap, nets, or natural materials which are moved from their original spots, such as leaves bushes, or grass
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12. Give several examples of materials which can be used to camouflage both you and your equipment, whether artificial or natural.
Leaves, bushes, grass, etc. You can use mud, but only in emergencies because as mud dries it changes color and can peel off exposing the areas that were covered
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13. What are the three standard camouflage face paint sticks?
-Loam and light green: for all troops, in areas with green vegetation
-Sand and light green: for all troops in areas lacking green vegetation
-Loam and White: for all troops in snow covered terrain
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14. What must you study to properly camouflage yourself and your equipment?
-Terrain and equipment
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15. When digging a fighting position, what must you do with the dirt you dig out?
Use it to prepare a parapet
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16. How often should you change the camouflage when using natural material?
When it doesn't look natural and blend in with the natural surroundings
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17. After camouflaging your position what should you do?
Inspect it from the enemy's view point at least 35 meters forward
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18. When do you camouflage a fighting position?
Camouflage as you prepare it
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19. What do you do with the excess dirt when digging a fighting position?
Take excess dirt away from the position to the rear
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20. If you are in a position and decide to build a fire what has to be taken into consideration?
It cannot be seen or smelled by the enemy
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21. What do you do with tracks that lead into your position?
Cover or brush them
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22. In the absence of material what can be used to camouflage equipment?
Rubber bands, burlap strips will be used to secure material to equipment
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23. In camouflaging defensive position what is the best way to approach?
From the rear to prevent trail marks into position
