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1. What is the most important piece of individual protective equipment for protection against a chemical agent?
The protective masks; M40 and M42 series
2. What are the four principles of decontamination?
-Decontaminate as soon as possible
-Decontaminate only what is necessary
-Decontaminate as far forward as possible
-Decontaminate by priority
3. What is the United States policy on the use of Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons in a conflict?
Nuclear: we will use first if need be (first strike)
Biological: we will never use
Chemical: we will use only after enemy first use
4. What would be your actions under a known or suspected chemical or biological attack?
-Stop breathing, close your eyes, put on mask with hood, clear and check mask. Do not fasten the hood, but go immediately to the next step
-Gives the alarm
-Take cover
-Decontaminates skin if necessary
-Assume MOPP 4
-decontaminate personal equipment if necessary
-Report presence of chemical or biological hazard indicators to supervisor is present to remove your mask
5. Who gives the order to unmask?
The senior person at the site
6. What is the color of the Chemical Contamination Marker?
Yellow background, with the word "GAS" in red letters
7. What does the acronym "MOPP" stand for?
Mission-Oriented Protective Posture
8. How many MOPP levels are there?
Five levels, zero through four
9. What is the maximum number of MARK I injections that may be given for nerve agent poisoning without the advice of medical support personnel?
Three MARK I sets injected at 10 to 15 minute intervals. For severe symptoms, administer three MARK I sets and a Convulsant Antidote for Nerve Agents (CANA) immediately
10. What is the M58Al kit used for?
Training kit for skin decontamination
11. What is the M258Al kit used for?
The M258Al kit is used as a skin decontamination kit
12. What is the MARK I kit used for?
First aid for nerve agent
13. What is the first aid treatment for blood agent poisoning?
Seek medical aid
14. What do you use to decontaminate heavy equipment?
DS2
15. What apparatus do you use to apply DS2?
M11 Decon apparatus, or M13 decontamination apparatus
16. What is the M8A1 alarm system used for?
To detect field concentrations of nerve agents vapors
17. What is the M256 kit used for?
To detect and identify field concentrations of Nerve, Blister, or blood agent vapors
18. What is the most expedient decontamination method for iological agents?
Wash with soap and water
19. What are three types of NBC alarms?
-Audible sound of metal to metal
-Vocal alarm of "GAS" and hand signal
-Normal means of communication (radio, telephone)
20. What is the color of the Biological Contamination Marker?
Blue background with the word "BIO" in red letters
21. What are biological agents?
Living micro-organisms that produce diseases in men, animals, or plants and/or cause deterioration of material
22. How are chemical agents disseminated?
Liquids, gas, or solids
23. What is an AN/PDR27?
The AN/PDR27 is a low-range dose-rate (GM) type instrument used for monitoring personnel, food and equipment
24. What is the purpose of an NBC-4 report?
To provide a report of actual contamination
25. What is the precedence of NBC-1 reports?
FLASH precedence; all subsequent reports are IMMEDIATE precedence
26. What is an NBC-1 Report?
An observer's initial report, giving basic data on a NBC attack
27. What is the best way to remove radiological contamination from the body?
Bathing
28. What is the first indication of a nuclear explosion?
Intense light, brighter than sunlight
29. Who carries (wears) the DT236/PD individual dosimeters?
Every soldier
30. Who operates the survey meters?
Specially trained personnel (monitoring team)
31. What is the color of the Nuclear Contamination Marker?
White background with the word "ATOM" in black letters
32. What is nuclear warfare?
The use of nuclear weapons against men and material to produce casualties and cause destruction
33. What are the three types of nuclear explosions?
-Air Burst
-Surface Burst
-Subsurface Burst
34. What is "fallout"?
The falling out of radioactive particles from the nuclear cloud
35. What causes the greatest damage from an air burst?
Heat and blast
36. What is an air burst?
A nuclear explosion in which the fireball does not touch the ground
37. Canned foods and covered water may be used after nuclear action under what circumstances?
Wash container with soapy water thoroughly before opening
38. What is an IM-174A/PD?
The IM-174A/PD is a high-range dose rate meter used to survey or monitor an area
39. When taking a reading with the IM-174A/PD, where is the meter held in relation to the ground and your body?
When taking a reading with the IM-174A/PD, the meter is held approximately waist high, one meter off the ground so the meter faces skyward
40. What does the acronym NBC stand for?
Nuclear, Biological and Chemical
41. What is the first aid for nerve agent poisoning?
Nerve agent antidote kit (NAAK) MARK I
42. What is chemical warfare?
The use of chemical agents against man to produce casualties
43. What is meant by the term chemical agent?
A chemical substance intended for use in military operations to kill, seriously injure, or incapacitate humans through its physiological effects. Excludes riot control agents, herbicides, smoke and flame
44. What is a surface burst?
The point of detonation is on or above the surface of the earth and the fireball is in contact with the earth
45. What damage is caused by a surface blast?
Heat (same as air burst), residual radiation, and blast (less widespread than in the case of an air burst)
46. What is a subsurface burst?
A center of the burst is beneath ground or under the surface of water
47. What is a sub-surface burst generally used for?
To damage underground targets and structures and to make craters as barriers and obstacles
48. How is nuclear radiation detected and measured?
Specially designed electronic instruments called radiac instruments
50. Name some types of radiac instruments.
-IM-174A/PD (high range dose rate meter)
-AN/PDR 27 (low range dose rate meter)
-IM 93 dose meter (total dose rate meter)
-DT236/PD (individual dosimeter)
51. What is a Centigray?
A unit of absorbed dose of radiation. The term replaces "RAD"
52. What are the six objectives in NBC training?
To acquaint the soldier with:
-The types of toxic agents and their affects
-How toxic agents are detected by the individual and trained personnel
-How to use protective equipment, other protective devices and other protection
-How to care for individual protective equipment
-How to remove toxic agents from himself and his equipment
-How to perform first aid
53. How do you decontaminate (remove radiological contamination from) your clothing, equipment, and cover?
Brush with a brush or twigs and branches, shake well, scrape walls of foxhole and spread around outer rim of foxhole
54. What are some biological warfare clues?
Air spray, unusual bombs or shells, smoke, mortars, increase in sickness, and dead animals
55. What is the individual protection against biological warfare?
Mask, avoid contaminated food and water, keep immunizations updated and maintain good personal hygiene
56. What are toxins?
Poisonous substances produced by by-products of micro-organisms, plants, and animals. Some toxins can be chemically or artificially reproduced
57. What are the three types of chemical agents?
Persistent, Non-persistent, and Dusty
58. How soon do symptoms appear after nerve liquid comes in contact with the skin?
Within 2-3 minutes
59. What does the term "persistent" and "nonpersistent" mean?
The duration of effectiveness of casualty producing agents
60. What are the four casualty producing chemical agents?
Nerve, blister, blood and choking agents
61. Mustard liquids appear in what color form?
Ranging in color from colorless, pale yellow, amber, brownish to a dark brown oily liquid
62. Give three names for Blister Agents?
-Distilled mustard (HD)
-Nitrogen mustard (HN)
-Phosgene Oxime (CX)
-Lewisite (L)
-Mustard Lewisite (HL)
-Levinstein Mustard (H)
63. What are the symbols for our standard nerve agents?
-GA-Tabun
-GB-Sarin
-GD-Soman
-VX
64. Why are nerve agents hard to detect by human senses?
Because they are generally odorless and colorless
65. After contamination with distilled mustard, how long before the first symptoms appear?
Four (4) to six (6) hours
66. What are the first symptoms that usually appear after contact with blister agents?
Inflammation, smarting and watering of eyes, sensitivity of eye to light, and swelling of eye lids
67. What are the name of the two most common blood agents?
Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanogen Chloride
68. What are the first symptoms to appear after contact with Cyanogen Chloride?
Irritation in nose and throat, coughing, choking, tightness in cheat, and difficulty breathing
69. What is the first symptom to appear on contact with Hydrogen Cyanide?
Marked increase in breathing rate
70. What is the first aid for toxin poisoning?
The same as for chemical. Mask, decon skin with M258Al or soap and water, seek medical assistance immediately
71. What is the name for choking gases?
Phosgene
72. What distinctive odors do choking agents have?
Newly mown hay, grass, green corn
73. What are the first symptoms to appear after contact with Phosgene?
Coughing, inflammation of nose and throat, difficulty breathing, pain in chest, wheezing
74. A drop of blister agents, the size of a pin head, will produce a blister how large?
The size of a quarter
75. What are the six methods of delivery of a chemical or biological agent?
Artillery, mortar, rockets, bombs, missiles and aircraft
76. What is the model number of your protective mask?
M40, M42, etc.
77. How may a NBC agent enter your body?
Eyes, nose, mouth and skin
78. What are the mild symptoms of nerve agents?
Unexplained running nose, difficulty seeing, difficulty in breathing, sudden headache, twitching of exposed skin, nausea, drooling, stomach cramps
79. Who is responsible for the care of the protective mask?
Each individual soldier
80. How long should it take to don the M40 protective mask?
Nine seconds or less
81. What is the first thing you do on hearing an NBC alarm?
Stop breathing
82. What is the most dangerous type of radiation?
Gamma rays, they are highly penetrating
83. What two gases does the protective mask NOT protect you against?
Ammonia or carbon monoxide
84. What is the purpose of protective mask drill?
So that the individual soldier automatically follows the proper procedures for putting on the protective mask in the event of an emergency. A well trained soldier should be able to mask in 9 seconds or less
85. What are the basic carrying positions of the protective mask?
Shoulder carry
Leg carry
86. How is the protective mask stored in its carrier?
With eye pieces and nose cup facing outward in upright position
87. What is the purpose of the plastic bag which is stored within the carrier for the protective mask?
To keep protective mask dry when situation is necessary
88. What is the chemical agent CX?
Blister agent (phosgene oxine)
89. How do you mark a victim to which you have administered a nerve agent antidote?
Attach the expended injectors to the left pocket flap of his overgarment
90. What is the self/first aid for tear agents?
Face into the wind, DO NOT rub eyes
91. What do you do if you get an agent in your eyes?
Flush your eyes with water
92. What is M8 paper used for?
Detects and identifies liquid chemical agents (V & G- type nerve or H- type blister) agents
93. What does the acronym TREE stand for?
Transient Radiation Effects on Electronics
94. How long, after being contaminated, may you wear the chemical protective overgarment?
The chemical protective overgarment ensemble is not meant to be decontaminated or reimpregnated for reuse. It is discarded within 24 hours after being contaminated with liquid chemical agents or when it becomes worn or ripped
95. What are two types of collective protective shelters?
Two types of collective protective shelters are a ventilated shelter and unventilated shelter
96. Is a blood agent ever lethal?
Yes, a blood agent can be lethal
97. Where do you attach M9 Chemical Agent Detector paper to your protective overgarment?
It is attached to the upper right sleeve, left wrist and on the right lower leg for a right handed person, the reverse for a left handed person
98. What is the IM93?
A device called a dosimeter designed to measure the total radiation dose received by an individual
99. What are your actions in the event of an unexpected nuclear attack?
-Immediately drop face down, with head toward the blast if possible, keeping helmet on
-Close your eyes
-Protect exposed skin
-Remain face down until the blast wave passes and debris stops falling
-Check for casualties & damaged equipment
100. What part of the nuclear burst is the most deadly?
Blast
101. What Field Manuals would you use to look up information on NBC?
Field Manuals 3-3, 3-4, 3-5, 3-7 , 3-100, or 25-51
