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1. What is hygiene?
Hygiene is the self-employment of practices which will keep one healthy. Among these practices are proper eating and body cleanliness
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2. What is sanitation?
Sanitation is the effective use of measures which will create and maintain healthful environmental conditions. Among these measures are the safeguarding of food and water and the control of disease-carrying insects and animals
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3. What is military sanitation?
Military sanitation includes the practice of both environmental sanitation and personal hygiene, particularly within the framework of situations and experiences associated with Army life
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4. Mental fitness is necessary for total fitness. As a leader, how would you reduce stress in your unit?
-Show your personnel that you care about their welfare, safety, and health
-Reduce uncertainty by keeping everyone informed for the unexpected
-Promote cohesion within the unit
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5. What is the chain of disease transmission?
-Reservoir (source)
-Vehicle (means of transportation)
-Susceptible person
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6. One of the methods of controlling respiratory diseases is by avoidance of overcrowding: how many feet apart should beds be?
At least five feet: if less than five feet apart, should be head to foot
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7. What are the five F's of field sanitation (methods of transmission)?
-Feces
-Fingers
-Flies
-Food
-Fluids
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8. What is the principal source of the organism which causes intestinal diseases?
Human Feces
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9. What are the four types of waste?
-Human (feces and urine)
-Liquid (wash, bath, and liquid kitchen wastes)
-Garbage
-Rubbish
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10. A ground water source should be located at least how far from all possible sources of contamination?
100 feet: also surface drainage should be away from it
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11. When using immersion heaters in the field, how much water is allowed for each man?
At least one quart
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12. One wash line for mess kits is provided for how many men?
Eighty
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13. An immersion heater reduces the capacity of a 32 gallon can to how many gallons?
Twenty
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14. How many cans are set up in a mess kit wash line and what do they contain?
Four. Scrap can, hot soapy water (150 degrees F) and two clear boiling for rinse
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15. How can water be made safe to drink in the field?
-Preferred method - iodine tablets
-Alternate method - Chlorine ampules
-If neither is available, boil water for 5-10 minutes
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16. What is the total disinfection time to purify water using chemical methods?
-Iodine: 35 minutes
-Chlorine: 30 minutes
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17. A latrine is normally closed when it is filled how far from the surface?
To within one foot of the ground surface
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18. When building a deep pit latrine, what is the guide used to determine depth?
A depth of one foot is allowed for each week of use, plus one foot of depth for dirt cover when closed: should not be over six feet in depth because of the danger of the walls caving in
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19. How far must a latrine be from food and water sources to protect them from contamination?
100 yards from the unit: 30 yards from the nearest water source: also ensure drainage is away from water sources
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20. What is artificial immunity?
It is resistance to infection acquired from vaccines (stimulating the body to produce antibodies) or immunization serums (injection containing the desire antibodies)
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21. For what use are the iodine tables and chlorine ampules?
They are used to purify water
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22. What are five diseases carried by mosquitoes?
-Malaria
-Dengue
-Yellow Fever
-Virus Encephalitis
-Filariasis
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23. Name three germs that flies carry?
-Typhoid
-Cholera
-Dysentery
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24. What does the word "potable" mean when referring to water?
It is drinkable (safe to drink)
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25. What is one item used to control insects and is issued to a soldier and his family?
Aerosol bomb - an insecticide
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26. What are the dimensions of a straddle trench latrine?
One food wide, two and a half feet deep, and four feet long
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27. What are dimensions of a cat hole latrine?
One foot long, one foot wide by 6-12" deep
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28. Which direction should a latrine be constructed in relationship to the mess hall?
Downhill and/or downstream, and in such a position that the drainage from the latrine will flow away from food and water sources
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29. After each meal, mess gear should be cleaned and sterilized. How is this accomplished?
Wash in hot soapy water, then rinse in two separate containers of clear boiling water or food service disinfectant if immersion heaters are not in use
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30. How many iodine tablets should be used to purify a canteen of clear water?
One per full quart canteen
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31. If you place two iodine tablets into a canteen of cloudy water, how long must you wait before the water is safe to drink?
Twenty-five (25) minutes
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32. What department inspects all food prior to issue to a troop unit?
Medical department of veterinarian
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33. When ticks are removed from the body, what caution must be observed?
Not to leave any mouth parts imbedded in the skin
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34. When troops are on the march, how is garbage disposed of?
Bury in a disposal pit
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35. As a leader, you will be required to enforce individual countermeasures against heat injuries. What are some examples of the individual counter measures you would enforce?
-Enforcing work/rest cycles when the mission permits
-Work/rest in the shade, if possible
-Encourage soldiers to eat all meals for needed salt
-Adjust work load to the size of the individual
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36. Your unit has moved to an area where there is a biting insect threat. As a Section Chief, what are some of the supplies you would ensure were available, and what would you insure for your soldiers?
-Field sanitation supplies
-Insect repellent
-Insect aerosol spray
-Each soldier has a bednet in good repair
-Immunizations are current
-Laundry/bathing facilities are available
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37. What field sanitation team tasks must all unit leaders be able to perform?
-Inspect water containers and trailers
-Disinfect unit water supplies
-Check unit water supply for chlorine
-Inspect unit field food operations
-inspect unit waste disposal areas
-Control anthropods and other animals in the unit area
-Train unit personnel in the use of individual PMM
-Monitor the status of PMM in the unit
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38. What are the types of lice and describe them?
-Head lice: normally attached to the hair close to the scalp. Eggs are attached directly to the hairs
-Crab lice: usually associated with the pubic (groin) area, but can also be found attached to body hairs. The eggs are attached directly to the hair
-Body lice: generally found in the seams of clothing of infested persons. The eggs are attached on the fibers of the garments. The body lice tends to move to the body of the host only during the actual feeding process
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39. Name three types of latrines used by troops in the field?
-Cat hole
-Straddle
-Deep pit
-Burn-out or pail-latrine
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40. What is meant by potentially hazardous foods?
Some foods that support the rapid growth of disease germs that cause diarrhea. Examples include but are not limited to meats, fish, milk, creamed beef, gravies, soups and chicken
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41. What are four factors most often involved in outbreaks of diarrhea caused by contaminated foods?
-Failure to keep potentially hazardous food cold (below 45 degrees F)
-Failure to keep potentially hazardous food hot (above 140 degrees F)
-Allowing potentially hazardous foods to remain at warm temperatures
-Preparing foods a day or more before being served
-Allowing sick employees who practice poor personal hygiene to work
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42. As a leader, when are you to check the chlorine residual of the unit water supply?
-When filling unit containers at water distribution points
-When water containers arrive in the unit area
-When directed by command medical authority
-When treating a raw water supply
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43. When checking the chlorine residual of your units water supply, how would you know if the water is safe to drink?
The water is safe to drink when after completing the steps to check chlorine residual the water in the comparison tube is the same shade or darker than the color of the band on the tube
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44. When should you, the leader, chlorinate the unit water supply?
-When the water supply has no chlorine residual
-When the chlorine residual is below the required level
-When a raw (untreated) water supply must be used
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45. How do you close a latrine?
Pack earth in successive 3-inch layers until mounded one foot above ground level. Then post a sign stating "closed latrine (Date)" except in combat, don't post the sign
