cacique: indian chief

campana: bell

Caraypí: this name is in guaraní language without translation

castigarle: to punish him

Caudillo: charismatic leader of a province. They soon appeared during independence war, later between 1820 and 1853 they imposed a system based in their personality without caring about institutions, dissension was imposible. They formed improvised armies and caused a long civil wars period which reminds the medieval time, being each caudillo like a feudal lord. By confronting the supremacy of Buenos Aires they really undermined the ideals of May Revolution (1810), which although not having clear democratic objectives tended to it since they shared de French Revolution ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity.

cautiverio: captivity

cayó: he fall

Ceballos: usually spelled Cevallos. First Río de la Plata Viceroy in 1776 after being Governor of Buenos Aires. By mentioned time he was Governor.

cedidos: ceded

Chaco: tropical region in the middle of South America. Both Pampa and Chaco are flat, Pampa is in the south

cinco: five

cincuenta: fifty

comienzo: beginning

completamente: completely

compuesta: made up

comunidad: community

comunismo: communism. The book was published in 1904, the author means with the word comunismo the tight socialism existing in the missions, where production was allocated in base of needs without existing prices or money. The word is very well chosen since this system compared to that of Russia or China.was truly communist.

con: with

concluyeron: they finished

conjunta: joined, together

conmovió: it shaked

conoce: it knows

conserva: it keeps

conservando: preserving

contra: against

convenía: it was in line with his wants

convertida: transformed

conviertiéndolas: transforming them

Corona: crown. La corona: Spanish Crown

cortejo: entourage

cosa: thing

costa: shore

creció: it grew

cruzó: he crossed

cuenta: por cuenta: for

cumpliendo: performing, fulfilling