See also ROMAN CATHOLIC HIERARCHY IN TUSCANY 1848 - 1861
GRAND DUCHY OF TUSCANY
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany was founded in 1539 out of the territories that had been
conquered by the city of Fizenze in the course of the previous centuries.
Tuscany was under French rule in 1799 and from 1807 to 1814, when its independence
was restored. (1)
(1) Territories added to Tuscany after 1814 included :
1815 : annexation of the island of Elba
acquisition of the overlordship over the Principality of Piombino
Princes of Piombino
Principi di Piombino
The Princes of Piombino retained much of the rights they had
enjoyed before 1801, when the principality was annexed by France
1841 - 1883 Don Antonio 1808 - 1883
1883 - 1911 Don Rodolfo, son 1854 - 1911
1911 - 1955 Don Francesco Antonio Maria, son 1885 - 1955
1847 : annexation of the major part of the Duchy of Lucca
1848 : temporary annexation of parts of the Duchies of Modena and Reggio
(Garfagnana, Lunigiana, Massa and Carrara) and of the Duchy of
Parma (Pontremoli)
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HEAD OF STATE
Grand Dukes
Gran Duchi (Granduchi)
Full style : Royal Prince of Hungary and Bohemia, Archduke of Austria, Grand Duke
of Tuscany
Principe reale di Ungheria e Boemia, Arciduca di Austria, Granduca di
Toscana
House of Asburgo-Lorena-Toscana (Habsburg-Lothringen-Toskana)
(ruled 1765 - 1799, 1799 - 1800 and since 1814)
1824 - 1859 Leopoldo II (Leopoldo Giovanni
Giuseppe Francesco Ferdinando Carlo)
in exile feb - jul 1849(2) and since
1859 (without formally abdicating),
renounced in favour of : 1797 - 1870
1859 Ferdinando IV (Ferdinando Salvadore
Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Battista
Francesco Luigi Gonzaga), son, in
exile, deposed by the pro-Sardinian
authorities. 1835 - 1908
(2) After 1849 the rule of the Grand Dukes was largely nominal as the
administration was under tight control of the Austrian diplomatic
representative
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Ausserordentlicher Gesandter und bevollmächtigter Minister
1850 - 1859 Karl Freiherr von Hugel, before
Chargé d'Affaires since 1849
Furthermore, to prevent all new revolutionary attempts, Tuscany -
like Modena and Parma - remained under Austrian military occupation
until 1854(?)
Commanders of the VI Army CorpsKommandanten des VI Armeekorps
(headquarters in Treviso in Lombardo-Venetia - subordinated to the
Commanders of the II Army)
1849 - 1850 Feldzeugm. Konstantin Freiherr
d'Aspre von Hoobreuck, before
commander of the Austrian troops
operating in Tuscany 1789 — 1850
1850 - 1852 LtFieldmarsh. Karl Freiherr von
Culoz
1852 - 1853 LtFieldmarsh. Karl Ferdinand
Erzherzog von Österreich-Teschen 1818 - 1874
1856 - 1858 LtFieldMarsh. Friedrich Prinz
von und zu Liechtenstein 1807 - 1885
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MINISTERS
1849* = see Administrators of Revolutionary Tuscany (period feb - jul)
Prime MinistersCouncillor of State, of Finances and of War, Secretary of State, First Director
of the Royal SecretariateConsigliero di Stato, delle Finanze e della Guerra, Segretario di Stato, Primo
Direttore della Real Segretaria
1847 - 1848 Francesco Cempini
Councillor of State, of Finances and of War, Director of the Royal
Secretariate, Director of the Department of State(Consigliero di Stato, delle Finanze e della Guerra, Direttore
della Real Segretaria, Direttore del Dipartimento di Stato)
(de facto Prime Minister and Minister of Home Affairs)
1847 - 1848 Marchese Cosimo Ridolfi 1794 - 1865
Presidents of the Council(3)Presidenti del Consiglio
1848 Gino Capponi 1792 - 1876
1848 - 1849 Giuseppe Montanelli (4) 1813 - 1862
1849*
1849 - 1859 Cavaliere Giovanni Baldasseroni s.a.
Minister of Foreign AffairsCouncillor of State, of Finances and of War, Minister of Foreign AffairsConsigliero di Stato, delle Finanze e della Guerra, Ministro degli Affari esteri
1847 - 1848 MajGen. conte Luigi Serristori 1793 - 1857
Ministers of Foreign AffairsMinistri degli Affari esteri
1848 Conte Gaetano Giorgini* 1795 - 1874
1848 - 1849 Giuseppe Montanelli s.a.
1849*
1849 - 1856 Andrea dei Principi Corsini,
duca de Casigliano s.a.
1856 - 1857 Cavaliere Giovanni Baldaseeroni* s.a.
1857 - 1859 Octaviano di Lanzoni
Ministers of DefenseMinisters of DefenseCouncillor of State, of Finances and of War, Director of the Department of WarConsigliero di Stato, delle Finanze e della Guerra, Direttore del Dipartimento
della Guerra
1847 - 1848 MajGen. conte Luigi Serristori s.a.
Ministers of WarMinistri della Guerra
1848 Col. Giacomo Belluomini 1798 - 1861
1848 - 1849 Mariano d'Ayala 1808 - 1877
1849*
1849 - 1852 MajGen. César de Bellecour,
comte de Laugier s.a.
1852 - 1859 Cavaliere Giovanni Baldasseroni* s.a.
Ministers of the Interior
Ministri dell'Interno
1848 Donato Samminiatelli 1793 - 1871
1848 - 1849 Domenico Guerrazzi s.a.
1849*
1849 - 1859 Cavaliere Leonardo Landucci s.a.
Ministers of JusticeCouncillors of State, of Finances and of War, Directors of the Department of
JusticeConsiglieri di Stato, delle Finanze e della Guerra, Direttori del Dipartimento
della Giustizia
1847 - 1848 Cavaliere Baldassare Bartalini
1848 Cavaliere Cesare Capoquadri 1790 - 1871
Ministers of JusticeMinistri della Giustizia
1848 Cavaliere Jacopo Mazzei
1848 - 1849 Giuseppe Mazzoni 1808 - 1880
1849*
1849 - 1850 Cavaliere Cesare Caapoquadri s.a.
1850 - 1859 Nicolo Lami 1812 - 1863
Ministers of FinancesCouncillor of State, of Finances and of War, Director of the Department of
FinancesConsigliero di Stato, delle Finanze e della Guerra, Direttore del Dipartimento
delle Finanze
1847 - 1848 Cavaliere Giovanni Baldasseroni 1790 - 1876
Ministers of FinanceMinistri delle Finanze
1848 Cavaliere Leonida Landucci 1801 -
1848 - 1849 Pietro Augusto Adami 1812 - 1898
1849*
1849 - 1859 Cavaliere Giovanni Baldasseroni s.a.
(3) A modern Council of Ministers - replacing the traditional Council of
State, of Finances and of War - was formed after some liberal agitation
and the formation of a liberal provisional (counter-)government
Provisional Government
Governo Provvisorio
1848 Gino Capponi s.a.
Domenico Giusti
Domenico Guerrazzi 1804 - 1873
Carlo Pigli 1802 - 1860
(4) Montanelli became head of the government after a liberal revolt at
Livorno.
Head of the Provisonal Government
Capo del Governo Provissorio
1848 Giovanni La Cecilia 1801 - 1880
Governor
Governatore
1848 Domenico Guerrazzi s.a.
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Events of 1849
Feb 07 : Following growing revolutionary agitation Grand Duke Leopoldo left Firenze,
without abdicating.
Feb 08 : A provisional government toke charge of the temporary managment of state
affairs. This was followed by internal strife between the monarchist and
the republican factions.
Mar 27 : After the victory of the monarchist faction Guerrazzi assumed Dictatorship.
Apr 12 : Taking advantage of the troubled situation a Tuscan Governmental Commission
assumed power in the name of Grand Duke Leopoldo.
May 05 : Grand Duke Leopoldo appointed an Extraordinary Commissioner to govern thhe
country until his returrn. (5)
Jul 27 : Grand Duke Leopoldo returned to Firenze.
(5) At the same time Austrian troops occupied Tuscany and terminated the last
resistance against the restoration - represented by a Governing Junta at
Livorno - on may 10.
Governing Junta
Giunta Governativa
1849 -Giovanni Antonio Bruno
-Emilio Demi 1798 - 1863
-Giovanni Guarducci
-Gaetano Salvi
-Eugenio Viti
Commander of the Austrian forces operating in Tuscany
1849 Fieldmarsh. Konstantin Freiherr
d'Aspre von Hoobreuck, continued as
commander of the occupation forces
until 1850 s.a.
REVOLUTIONARY CHIEF ADMINISTRATORSProvisional Government
Governo Provissorio
1849 -Giuseppe Montanelli (Chairman) s.a.
-Domenico Guerrazzi s.a.
-Giuseppe Mazzoni (s.a.), soon replaced
by Ferdinando Zannetti 18.. - 1881
Dictator
Dittatore
1849 Domenico Guerrazzi s.a.
GRAND DUCAL CHIEF ADMINISTRATORSTuscan Governmental Commission
Commissione Governativa Toscana
1849 -Ubaldino Peruzzi 1822 - 1891
-Orazio Cesare Ricasoli
-Gino Capponi s.a.
-Bettino Ricasoli 1809 - 1880
-MajGen. conte Luigi Serristori s.a.
-Carlo Torrigiani 1807 - 1865
-Cavaliere Cesare Capoquadri s.a.
Extraordinary Commissioner of the Grand Duke
Commissario Straordinario del Granduca
1849 MajGen. conte Luigi Serristori s.a.
REVOLUTIONARY MINISTERSMinister of Foreign Affairs
Ministro degli Affari esteri
1849 Antonio Mordini 1819 - 1902
Ministers of DefenseMinisters of WarMinistri della Guerra
1849 Mariano d'Ayala (2x) s.a.
1849 Antonio Mordini* s.a.
1849 Giovanni Manganaro 1... - 1849
Minister of the Interior
Ministro dell'Interno
1849 Francesco Constantino Marmocchi 1803 - 1858
Minister of Justice
Ministro della Giustizia
1849 Leonardo Romanelli 1803 - 1886
Minister of Finances
Ministro delle Finanze
1849 Pietro Augusto Adami (2x)
GRAND DUCAL MINISTERS
(CE) = appointed by the Extraordinary Commissioner (the others by the Commission)
Prime MinistersPresident of the Council of MinistersPresidente del Consiglio di Ministri
1849 Cavaliere Giovanni Baldasseroni (CE) s.a.
Ministers of Foreign Affairs
Ministri degli Affari Esteri
1849 Tommasso Fornetti
1849 Andrea Corsini, duca de Casigliano (CE) 1767 - 1856
Ministers of DefenseMinisters of WarMinistri della Guerra
1849 Col. Giacomo Belluomini (2x)
1849 MajGen. César de Bellecour,
comte de Laugier (CE) 1789 - 1871
Ministers of the Interior
Ministri dell'Interno
1849 Antonio Allegretti
1849 Cavaliere Leonida Landucci (CE) s.a.
Ministers of Justice
Ministri della Giustizia
1849 Augusto Duchoqué Lombardi 1813 - 1893
1849 Cavaliere Cesare Capoquadri (2x) (CE)
Ministers of Finances
Ministri delle Finanze
1849 Cavaliere Vincenzo Martini
1849 Cavaliere Giovanni Baldasseroni (2x) (CE).
Events of 1859 - 1861
1859
Apr 27 : Following pro-Sardinian agitation Grand Duke Leopoldo II left the country
(without abdicating) and a Provisional Government assumed power.
Apr 28 : The Provisional Government offered dictatosrship over Tuscany to the King
of Sardinnia, who appointed a representative to supervise Tuscan affairs
May 16 : The provisional Government was replaced by a Council of Ministers.
Aug 16 : Grand Duke Ferdinando IV (already in exile) was deposed by a Constitutional
Assembly (Presidente : ...) (6)
Aug 20 : The Constitutional Assembly proclaimed the union of Tuscany with Sardinia.
Dec 03 : Tuscany became part of Central Italy.
1860
Mar 22 : After a plebiscite, Tuscany was annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia while
keeping a large degree of internal autonomy.
1861
Oct 09 : The autonomy was abolished and Tuscany was fully integrated into the new
Kingdom of Italy(6) After his deposition Ferdinando continued as pretender and as head of the
House of Asburgo-Lorena-Toscana until his death in 1908.
Successors
1908 - 1942 Giuseppe Ferdinando Salvadore
Francesco Leopoldo Antonio Alberto
Giovanni Battista Carlo etc, son 1872 - 1942
1942 - 1948 Pietro Ferdinando Salvadore Carlo
Luigi Maria Giuseppe Leopoldo Antonio
etc, brother 1874 - 1948
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ADMINISTRATORS 1859 - 1860
SARDINIAN REPRESENTATIVESExtraordinary Commissioners
Commissari Straordinari
1859 Conte Carlo Boncompagni di
Mombello (may 10 - aug 03) 1804 - 1880
1859 - 1860 Barone Bettino Ricasoli
(since aug ..) s.a.
TUSCANIAN MINISTERSProvisional Government
Governo Provissorio
1859 -Ubaldino Peruzzi (Presidente) s.a.
-LtGen. Alessandro Danzini 1825 - 1874
-Vincenzo Malenchini 1813 - 1881
Head of the Government and Minister of the InteriorPresident of the Council of Ministers and Minister of the InteriorPresidente del Consiglio di Ministri e Ministro dell'Interno
1859 - 1860 Barone Bettino Ricasoli s.a.
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Ministro degli Affari esteri
1859 - 1860 Marchese Cosimo Ridolfi* s.a.
Ministers of DefenseMinisters of WarMinistri della Guerra
1859 - 18.. Vincenzo Malenchini s.a.
18.. - 1860 MajGen. Paolo Antonio de Cavero (Sard.)
Minister of Justice
Ministro della Giustizia
1859 - 1860 Enricco Poggio
Minister of Finance
Ministro delle Finanze
1859 - 1860 Raffaele Bussacca 1810 - 1893
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ADMINISTRATORS 1860 - 1861
ROYAL REPRESENTATIVERoyal Lieutenant
Luogotenente del Re
1860 - 1861 Eugenio Emanuele di Savoia-Carignano,
principe di Carignano 1816 - 1888
HEAD OF THE CIVIL ADMINISTRATIONGovernor General
Governatore Generale
1860 - 1861 Barone Bettino Ricasoli s.a.
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