In 1931, after the departure of the king, a provisional government seized
power and proclaimed the second Spanish Republic, initiating once again a
troubled period, culminating in the revolt of part of the army in 1936 and
the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.
See also SPANISH REGIONS DURING THE REPUBLIC AND THE CIVIL WAR
HEADS OF STATE
President of the Provisional Republican Government
1931 Niceto Alcala Zamora y Torres s.a.
Presidents
1931 Julian Besteiro Fernandez* 1870 - 1939
1931 - 1936 Niceto Alcala Zamora y Torres s.a.
1936 Diego Martinez Barrio* 1883 - 1962
1936 - 1939 Manuel Azaña y Diaz,left the country as
defeat became certain (1) 1880 - 1940
(1) Continued briefly as President in exile
Successor 1939 - 1962 Diego Martinez Barrio s.a.
_____________________________________________________________________________
MINISTERS
Prime MinistersPresidents of the Council of Ministers
1931 Niceto Alcala Zamora y Torres as president
of the provisional government s.a.
1931 - 1933 Manuel Azaña y Diaz s.a.
1933 Alejandro Lerroux y Garcia 1866 - 1949
1933 Diego Martinez Barrio s.a.
1933 - 1934 Alejandro Lerroux y Garcia (2x)
1934 Ricardo Samper Ibañez 1881 - 1938
1934 - 1935 Alejandro Lerroux y Garcia (3x)
1935 Joaquin Chapaprieta Torregrosa 1871 - 1951
1935 - 1936 Manuel Portela Valladares 1867 - 1952
1936 Manuel Azaña y Diaz (2x)
1936 Augusto Barcia Trelles 1881 - 1961
1936 Santiago Casarea Quiroga 1884 - 1950
1936 Diego Martinez Barrio (2x)
1936 José Giral Pereira 1879 - 1962
1936 - 1937 Francisco Largo Caballero 1869 - 1946
1937 - 1939 Juan Negrin Lopez (2) 1889 - 1956
(2) At the end of the civil war his authority was contested by a
National Council, disposed to negociate with the Nationalists
Chairmen of the National Council
1939 Segismundo Casado Lopez 1893 - 1968
1939 José Miaja Menant 1878 - 1958
The National Council finally arranged the surrender of the
last Republican forces.
Juan Negrin Lopez continued as President of the Council of
Ministers in exile until 1945.
Ministers of Foreign AffairsMinisters of State
1931 Alejandro Lerroux y Garcia s.a.
1931 - 1933 Luis de Zulueta Escolano 1878 - 1964
1933 Fernando de los Rios Urruti 1879 - 1949
1933 Claudio Sanchez-Albornoz y Menduiña 1883 - 1984
1933 - 1934 Leandro Pita Romero 1898 - 1885
1934 Ricardo Samper Ibañez s.a.
1934 - 1935 Juan José Rocha Garcia 1877 - 1938
1935 Alejandro Lerroux y Garcia (2x)
1935 José Martinez de Velasco 1875 - 1936
1935 - 1936 Joaquin Urzaiz Cadaval 1887 - 1957
1936 Augusto Barcia Trelles s.a.
1936 Justino de Azcarate y Florez 1903 - 1989
1936 Augusto Barcia Trelles (2x)
1936 - 1937 Julio Alvarez del Vayo 1891 - 1975
1937 - 1938 José Giral y Pereira 1879 - 1962
1938 - 1939 Julio Alvarez del Vayo (2x) (3)
(3) Member of the NC for Foreign Affairs
1939 Julian Besteiro Fernandez s.a.
Ministers of DefenceMinisters of War
1931 - 1933 Manuel Azaña y Diaz s.a.
1933 Juan José Rocha Garcia s.a.
1933 Vicente Iranzo Enquita 1889 -
1933 - 1934 Diego Martinez Barrio s.a.
1934 Diego Hidalgo Duran 1886 - 1961
1934 - 1935 Alejandro Lerroux y Garcia s.a.
1935 Carlos Masquelet Lacaci 1871 - 1947
1935 José Maria Gil Robles Quinones 1898 - 1980
1935 - 1936 Nicolas Morelo Lobo 1870 - 1936
1936 Carlos Masquelet Lacaci (2x)
1936 Santiago Casares Quiroga s.a.
1936 José Miaja Menant s.a.
1936 Luis Castello Pantoja 1881 - 1962
1936 - 1937 Francisco Largo Caballero s.a.
Ministers of the Navy
1931 Santiago Casares Quiroga s.a.
1931 - 1933 José Giral Pereira s.a.
1933 Lluis Companys i Jover 1883 - 1940
1933 Vicente Iranzo Enguita 1889 -
1933 Leandro Pita Romero s.a.
1933 - 1935 Juan José Rocha Garcia 1871 - 1938
1935 Gerardo Abad Conde 1881 - 1936
1935 Francisco Javier de Sains y Gonzalez 1871 - 1936
1935 Antonio Royo Villanova 1869 - 1958
1935 Pedro Rabola Molinas 1877 - 1956
1935 Francisco Javier de Sains y Gonzalez (2x)
1935 - 1936 Antonio Azarola Gresillon 1874 - 1936
1936 José Giral Pereira (2x)
1936 Francisco Matz Sanchez
Minister of the Navy and of the Air Force
1936 - 1937 Indalecio Prieto Tuero 1883 - 1962
1937 Ministries of War, Navy and the Air Force merged
into the new Ministry of Defence.
Ministers of Defence
1937 - 1938 Indalecio Prieto Tuero s.a.
1938 - 1939 Juan Negrin Lopez (4) s.a.
(4) Member of the CN for Defence
1939 Segismundo Casado Lopez s.a.
Ministers of Home AffairsMinisters of Gobernacion
1931 Miguel Maura Gamaro 1881 - 1971
1931 - 1933 Santiago Casares Quiroga 1884 - 1950
1933 Diego Martinez Barrio s.a.
1933 - 1934 Manuel Rico-Avello y Garcia de Lañon 1886 - 1936
1934 Diego Martinez Barrio (2x)
1934 Rafael Salazar Alonso 1895 - 1936
1934 - 1935 Eloy Vaquero Cantillo 1888 -
1935 Manuel Portela Valladares s.a.
1935 Joaquin de Pablo Blanco Torres 1878 - 1947
1935 - 1936 Manuel Portela Valladares (2x)
1936 Amos Salvador Carreras
1936 Santiago Casares Quiroga (2x)
1936 Juan Moles Ormella 1871 - 1943
1936 Augusto Barcia Trelles s.a.
1936 Sebastian Pozas Perea 1880 - 1946
1936 - 1937 Angel Galarza Gago 1892 - 1966
1937 - 1938 Julian Zugazagoitia Mendieta 1900 - 1940
1938 - 1939 Paulino Gomez Sainz (5) 1889 - 1977
(5) Member of the CN for Gobernacion
1939 Wenceslao Carrillo
Ministers of Justice
1931 Fernando de los Rios Urruti s.a.
1931 - 1933 Alvaro de Albornoz y Liminiana 1879 - 1954
1933 Juan Botella Asensi 1884 - 1978
1933 - 1934 Ramon Alvarez Valdés y Castañon 1866 - 1936
1934 Salvador de Madariaga Rojo 1886 - 1978
1934 Vicente Cantos Figuerola 1868 - 1943
1934 - 1935 Rafael Aizpun Santafé 1889 - 1981
1935 Vicente Cantos Figuerola (2x)
1935 Candido Casanueva y Gorjon 1879 - 1947
1935 Federico Salmon Amorin 1900 - 1936
1935 Alfredo Martinez Garcia Arguelles 1878 - 1936
1935 - 1936 Manuel Becerra Fernandez 1867 - 1940
1936 Antonio de Lara y Zarate 1876 - 1939
1936 Manuel Blanco Garzon 1887 - 1954
1936 Mariano Ruiz Funes Garcia 1889 - 1953
1936 - 1937 Juan Garcia Oliver 1901 - 1980
1937 Manuel de Irujo y Ollo 1891 - 1981
1937 - 1938 Mariano Anso Zungarren 1899 - 1981
1938 - 1939 Ramon Gonzalez Peña (6) 1888 - 1952
(6) Member of the CN for Justice
1939 Miguel San Andrés
Ministers of FinanceMinisters of Hacienda
1931 Indaleccio Prieto Tuero s.a.
1931 - 1933 Jaime Carner Romeu 1867 - 1934
1933 Agustin Viñuales Pardo 1881 - 1953
1933 - 1934 Antonio de Lara y Zarate s.a.
1934 - 1935 Manuel Marraco Ramon 1870 -
1935 Alfredo Zabal Lafora 1890 -
1935 Joaquin Chapaprieta Torregrosa s.a.
1935 - 1936 Manuel Rico-Avello y Garcia de Lanon s.a.
1936 Gabriel Franco Lopez 1899 - 1972
1936 Enrique Ramos y Ramos 1873 - 1969
1936 - 1938 Juan Negrin Lopez s.a.
1938 - 1939 Francisco Méndez Aspe (7)
(7) Member of the CN for Finance
1939 ... Gonzalez Marin
Ministers for Oversea Dependencies
1931 - 193. The Presidents of the Council of Ministers
Director General of the General Direction
for Morocco and the Colonies
1931 - 1934 A. Canovas
1934 - 1935 none (8)
1935 - 193. A. Vasquero
(8) In 1934 - 1935 the General Direction was briefly abolished and replaced by :
- a Tecfnical Secretariate of Morocco
1934 - 1935 ...
- a General Inspection of the Colonies
1934 - 1935 A. Nombela
SPANISH STATE
After their revolt the Nationalists - the rebellious part of the army and
allied political movements - rapidly conquered part of Spain, setting up
the Spanish State in the occupied territories.
In the course of the following years they also conquered the rest of the
country and in 1939 the last Republican troops surrendered.
HEADS OF STATE
Military Junta(9)
(the first seven were original members ; the others joined later)
1936 -Miguel Cabanellas Ferrer (chairman) 1872 - 1938
-Fidel Davila Arrondo 1878 - 1962
-Emilio Mola Vidal 1887 - 1937
-Federico Montaner Canet 1878 - 1962
-Fernando Moreno Calderon 1880 - 1967
-Michel Ponte y Manso de Zuñiga 1882 - 1952
-Antonio Saliquet Zumeta 1877 - 1959
-Francisco Franco y Bahamonde 1892 - 1975
-German Gil y Yuste 1860 - 1948
-Luis Orgaz Yoldi 1881 - 1946
-Gonzalo Queipo de Llano y Sierra 1875 - 1951
Caudillo and Head of the Spanish State
1936 - 1975 Francisco Franco y Bahamonde s.a.
(9) During this period actual power was in fact exercised
by the Commanders of the Nationalist armies :
- Commander of the African Army :
Francisco Franco y Bahamonde s.a.
- Commander of the Andalusian/Southern Spanish Army :
Gonzalo Queipo de Llano y Sierra s.a.
- Commander of the Northern Spanish Army :
Emilio Mola Vidal s.a.
It was only when Franco was appointed Caudillo that unity
was instored, although Quiepo de Llano continued to
consider the territories he controled as his personnal
"fief" to 1938.
Other Nationalist movements - such as the Falangists and
the Carlists - originally also operated independently of
the Junta.
- Leader ("Jefe") of the Provisional Falangist Junta
1936 - 1937 Manuel Hedilla Larrey 1898 - 1970
- Delegates - General and Chairmen of the Carlist Junta
1936 Manuel Fal Conde 1894 -
1936 - 1937 José Luis Zamanillo*
In 1937 all Nationalist movements were united in one party,
the "Movimiento", controled by Franco.
- Secretaries General of the Movimiento
1937 - 1939 Raimundo Fernandez Cuesta y Merelo 1896 - 1992
1939 - 1940 Agustin Muñoz Grandes 1896 - 1970
1941 - 1945 José Luis Arrese y Magra 1905 - 1986
_____________________________________________________________________________
MINISTERS
Technical Junta
Before the formation of a regular government in 1938, the administration
of the conquered territories was entrusted to a "Technical Junta".
Chairmen
1936 - 1937 Fidel Davila Arrondo s.a.
1937 - 1938 Francisco Gomez Jordana y Souza, Conde de
Jordana
Governors - General
1936 Francisco Fermoso Blanco 1870 - 1955
1936 - 1938 Luis Valdés Cabanella
Secretary - General
1936 - 1938 Nicolas Franco y Bahamonde, brother of the
Caudillo 1891 - 1977
Secretary - General for External Relations
1936 - 1938 Francisco de Assis Serrat y Bonastre (10) 1871 - 1957
Secretary of War
1936 - 1938 German Gil y Yuste s.a.
President of the Commission for Justice
1936 - 1938 José Cortés Lopez
President of the Commission for Finance (Hacienda)
1936 - 1938 Andrés Amado y Reigondaud de Villabardet 1886 - 1964
(10) De facto responsible for foreign affairs :
José Antonio Sangroniz y Castro, Marqués de Serio
Prime MinisterPresident of the Council of Ministers
1938 - 1973 Francisco Franco y Bahamonde s.a.
Ministers of Foreign Affairs
1938 - 1939 Francisco Gomez Jordana de Souza, Conde
de Jordana s.a.
1939 - 1940 Juan Luis Beigbeder y Arienza 1888 - 1957
1940 - 1942 Ramon Serrano Suñer 1901 - 2003
1942 - 1944 Francisco Gomez Jordana de Souza, Conde
de Jordana (2x)
1944 - 1945 José Félix de Lequerica y Erquiza 1891 - 1963
Ministers of Defence
1938 - 1939 Fidel Davila Arrondo s.a.
1939 Ministry divided
Ministers of the Army
1939 - 1942 José Enrique Varela Iglesias 1891 - 1951
1942 - 1945 Carlos Arsenio Cabanillas 1896 -1969
Minister of the Navy
1939 -1945 Salvador Moreno Fernandez 1866 - 1966
Ministers of the Air Force
1939-1940 Juan Yague Blanco 1891 - 1952
1940-1945 Juan Vigon Suerodiaz 1880 - 1955
Ministers of Home AffairsMinisters of Gobernacion
1938 - 1940 Ramon Serrano Suñer s.a.
1940 - 1941 Francisco Franco y Bahamonde* s.a.
1941 - 1942 Valentin Galarza Morante 1882 - 1951
1942 - 1957 Blas Pérez Gonzalez 1896 - 1978
Ministers of Justice
1938 - 1939 Tomas Dominguez Arévalo 1883 -1952
1939 - 1943 Esteban Bilbao y Eguia 1879 - 1970
1943 - 1945 Eduardo Aunos Pérez 1894 - 1969
Ministers of FinanceMinisters of Hacienda
1938 -1939 Andrés Amado y Reigondaud de Villahardet s.a.
1939 -1941 José Larraz Lopez 1904 - 1973
1941 -1951 Joaquin Benjumea Burin 1880 - 1963
Ministers for Oversea Dependencies
193. - 1942 The Ministers of Foreign affairs
1942 - 1975 The President of the Council of Ministers
Directors General of the General Direction
for Morocco and the Colonies
193. - 1941 M. de la Plaza
1941 - 1944 Juan Fontan y Lobe 1899 - 1944
1944 - 1968 José de Villedias y
Bustamente 1894 - 1968
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See also Roberto de Ortiz Zarate's pages on Spanish Governments since 1931
