In 1918, when the military collapse and the dissolution of the Habsburg
Monarchy were clearly discernible, the deputies of the German districts of
the Austrian Empire to the Imperial Council assembled and proclaimed the
Independent State / Republic of German Austria intended to become a part
of the German Empire. (1)
In 1919, following the Treaty of Saint-Germain - which expressly forbid an
union with Germany - the new state was restyled Republic of Austria, adopting
a federal constitution the following year. (2)(1) Soon after these events Emperor Karl, who had resigned the
government, but not abdicated was forced to leave the country.
After his death in 1922, his son Franz Joseph Otto Robert Maria
Anton Karl Max Heinrich Sixtus Xaver Felix Renatus Ludwig Gaetan
Pius Ignatius (1912 - ....), former Imperial Crown Prince became
the formal head of the House of Habsburg, the actual head being
his mother former Empress Zita, Prinzessin von Bourbon-Parma
(1892 - 1989).
(2) For the regions which became part of the new state see AUSTRIAN LÄNDER.
____________________________________________________________________________
Council of State (3)
Staatsrat
(3) Originally styled Executive Committee of the Provisional
National Assembly of German Austria (Vollzugausschuss der
Provisorische Nationalversammlung Deutschösterreich)
Directory of the Council of StateStaatsratdirektorium (4)
(4) The Directory consisted of the three co-presidents of
the Provisional National Assembly of German Austria -
who chaired the directory by weekly rotation - the
Staatskanzler, head of the administration and the
Staatsnotar, secretary .
1918 - 1919 -Franz Dinghofer 1873 - 1956
-Johann Nepomuk Hauser 1866 - 1927
-Karl Seitz 1869 - 1950
-Karl Renner, Staatskanzler 1870 - 1950
-Julius Sylvester, Staatsnotar 1854 - 1944
State CouncillorsStaatsräte
1918 - 1919 -Simon Abram 1871 - 1940
-Viktor Adler (in 1918) 1852 - 1918
-Josef von Baechle 1868 - 1933
-Franz Domes 1863 - 1930
-Jodok Fink 1853 - 1929
-Robert Freissler 1877 -
-Josef Mayer 1877 - 1938
-Wilhelm Miklas 1872 - 1956
-Julius Ofner 1845 - 1924
-Raphael Pacher 1857 - 1936
-Aemilian Schöpfer 1858 - 1936
-Michael Schoiswohl 1858 - 1924
-Josef Seliger 1870 - 1920
-Otto Steinwend 1847 - 1921
-Josef Stockler 1856 - 1936
-Julius Sylvester s.a.
-Oskar Teufel 1880 - 1946
-Karl Urban 1855 - 1940
-Viktor Waldner 1852 - 1924
-Karl Hermann Wolf 1862 - 1941
Chairman of the Constituent National Assembly
Präsident der Konstituierenden Nationalversammlung
1919 - 1920 Karl Seitz s.a.
Federal Presidents
Bundespräsidenten
1920 Karl Seitz* s.a.
1920 - 1928 Michael Hainisch 1858 - 1940
1928 - 1938 Wilhelm Miklas, resigned after the German
occupation of Austria s.a.
____________________________________________________________________________
Prime MinistersState ChancellorStaatskanzler
1918 - 1920 Karl Renner s.a.
Chairman in the CabinetVorsitzender im Kabinett
1920 Michael Mayr 1864 - 1922
Federal ChancellorsBundeskanzler
1920 - 1921 Michael Mayr s.a.
1921 - 1922 Johann Schober 1874 - 1932
1922 Walter Breisky* 1871 - 1944
1922 Johann Schober (2x)
1922 - 1924 Ignaz Seipel 1876 - 1932
1924 - 1926 Rudolf Ramek 1881 - 1941
1926 - 1929 Ignaz Seipel (2x)
1929 Ernst Streeruwitz 1874 - 1952
1929 - 1930 Johann Schober (3x)
1930 Carl Vaugoin 1873 - 1949
1930 - 1931 Otto Ender 1875 - 1960
1931 - 1932 Karl Buresch 1878 - 1936
1932 - 1934 Engelbert Dollfuss, assassinated 1892 - 1934
1934 Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg* 1899 - 1936
1934 - 1938 Kurt Schuschnigg 1897 - 1977
Ministers of Foreign AffairsSecretaries of State at the State Office for Foreign AffairsStaatssekretäre im Staatsamt für Ausseres
1918 Victor Adler s.a.
1918 - 1919 Otto Bauer 1882 - 1938
1919 - 1920 Karl Renner s.a.
1920 Michael Mayr s.a.
Federal Ministers for Foreign AffairsBundesaussenminister
1920 - 1921 Michael Mayr* s.a.
1921 - 1922 Johann Schober* s.a.
1922 Walter Breisky* s.a.
1922 Leopold Hennet* 1876 - 1950
1922 - 1923 Alfred Grünberger 1875 - 1935
1923 - 1938 The Bundeskanzler in charge of Foreign Affairs.
Delegates :
Federal Ministers entrusted with Foreign Affairs
(Bundesminister betraut mit der Führung der
auswärtigen Angelegenheiten)
1923 - 1924 Alfred Grünberger s.a.
1924 - 1926 Heinrich Mataja 1877 - 1936
1926 - 1930 none
1930 Ignaz Seipel s.a.
Vice-Chancellor entrusted with the daily management of
Foreign Affairs
(Vizekanzler betraut mit der sachlichen Leitung der
auswärtigen Angelegenheiten)
1930 - 1932 Johann Schober (2x)
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
(Staatssekretär für die auswärtigen Angelegenheiten)
1934 Stephan Tauschitz 1889 - 1970
Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs
(Bundesminister für die auswärtigen Angelegenheiten)
1934 - 1936 Egon Berger-Waldenegg 1880 - 1960
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
(Staatssekretär für die auswärtigen Angelegenheiten )
1936 - 1938 Guido Schmidt 1901 - 1957
Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs
(Bundesminister für die auswärtigen Angelegenheiten)
1938 Guido Schmidt s.a.
Ministers of DefenceSecretaries of State at the State Office for the ArmyStaatssekretäre im Staatsamt für Heereswesen
1918 - 1919 Josef Mayer s.a.
1919 - 1920 Julius Deutsch 1884 - 1968
1920 Walter Breisky* s.a.
Federal Ministers for the ArmyBundesminister für Heereswesen
1920 - 1921 Egon Glanz* 1880 - 1945
1921 Walter Breisky* s.a.
1921 Carl Vaugoin s.a.
1921 - 1922 Josef Wächter
1922 - 1933 Carl Vaugoin (2x)
1933 - 1934 Engelbert Dollfuss* s.a.
1934 Alois Schönburg-Hartenstein 1858 - 1944
1934 Engelbert Dollfuss* (2x)
1934 Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg* s.a.
1934 - 1936 Kurt Schuschnigg* s.a.
Federal Minister for DefenceBundesminister für Landesverteidigung
1936 - 1938 Kurt Schuschnigg* s.a.
Ministers of Home AffairsSecretaries of State at the State Office for the InteriorStaatssekretäre im Staatsamt für Inneres
1918 - 1919 Heinrich Mataja s.a.
1919 Karl Renner s.a.
1919 - 1920 Matthias Edlersch
1920 Walter Breisky s.a.
Federal Ministers of the InteriorBundesinnenminister
1920 - 1921 Egon Glanz s.a.
1921 Walter Breisky * s.a.
1921 Rudolf Ramek s.a.
1921 - 1922 Leopold Waber 1875 - 1945
1922 Johann Schober* s.a.
1922 Walter Breisky* (2x)
1922 Johann Schober* (2x)
1922 - 1923 Felix Frank* 1876 -
1923 - 1938 The Bundeskanzler in charge of Home Affairs.
Delegates :
Federal Ministers for the daily management of the
Internal Affairs
(Bundesminister für die sachliche Leitung der
Innern Angelegenheiten)
1929 - 1930 Vinzenz Schumy 1878 - 1962
1930 Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg s.a.
1930 - 1931 Franz Winkler 1890 - 1945
1931 Otto Ender* s.a.
1931 - 1932 Franz Winkler (2x)
1932 : The Ministry of the Interior was divided into two
offices :
- the Office of Internal Administration
- the Office of Public Security.
Vice-Chancellor entrusted with the daily management
of the Affairs of Internal Administration
(Vizekanzler betraut mit der sachlichen Leitung
der Angelegenheiten der inneren Verwaltung)
1932 Franz Winkler s.a.
Federal Ministers entrusted with the daily management
of the Affairs of Internal Administration
(Bundesminister betraut mit der sachlichen Leitung
der Angelegenheiten der inneren Verwaltung)
1932 - 1933 Franz Bachinger 1892 - 1938
1933 Vinzenz Schumy s.a.
1933 - 1934 Robert Kerber 1884 -
1934 none
1934 - 1935 Emil Frey 1886 - 1938
1935 - 1936 Eduard Baar-Baarenfeld 1885 - 1967
Federal Ministers entrusted with the daily management
of the Affairs of Public Security
(Bundesminister betraut mit der sachlichen Leitung
der Angelegenheiten der öffentlichen Sicherheit)
1932 Franz Bachinger s.a.
1932 Hermann Ach
Secretary of State for the Public Security Affairs
(Staatssekretär für die Angelegenheiten des Sicherheitswesens)
1932 - 1933 Emil Frey s.a.
Federal Minister entrusted with the daily management
of the Affairs of Public Security
(Bundesminister betraut mit der sachlichen Leitung
der Angelegenheiten der öffentlichen Sicherheit)
1933 Emil Frey s.a.
Secretary of State entrusted with the daily management
of the Affairs of Public Security
(Staatssekretär betraut mit der sachlichen Leitung
der Angelegenheiten der öffentlichen Sicherheit)
1933 - 1934 Carl Karwinsky
Federal Ministers entrusted with the daily management
of the Affairs of Public Security
(Bundesminister betraut mit der sachlichen Leitung
der Angelegenheiten der öffentlichen Sicherheit)
1934 Emile Frey s.a.
1934 none
Vice-Chancellor entrusted with the daily management
of the Affairs of Public Security
(Vizekanzler betraut mit der sachlichen Leitung
der Angelegenheiten der öffentlichen Sicherheit)
1934 - 1935 Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg s.a.
Federal Minister entrusted with the daily management
of the Affairs of Public Security
(Bundesminister betraut mit der sachlichen Leitung
der Angelegenheiten der öffentlichen Sicherheit)
1935 - 1936 Eduard Baar-Baarenfeld s.a.
Vice-Chancellor entrusted with the daily management
of the Affairs of Internal Administration and of
Public Security
(Vizekanzler betraut mit der sachlichen Leitung
der Angelegenheiten der inneren Verwaltung und der
öffentlichen Sicherheit)
1936 Eduard Baar-Baarenfeld s.a.
Federal Minister entrusted with the daily management
of the Affairs of Internal Administration
(Bundesminister betraut mit der sachlichen Leitung
der Angelegenheiten der inneren Verwaltung)
1936 - 1938 Edmund Glaise-Horstenau 1882 - 1946
Federal Minister entrusted with the daily management
of the Affairs of Public Security
(Bundesminister betraut mit der sachlichen Leitung
der Angelegenheiten der öffentlichen Sicherheit )
1936 - 1937 Odo Neustädter-Stürmer 1885 - 1938
Secretary of State for the Affairs of Public Security
(Staatssekretär für die Angelegenheiten der
öffentlichen Sicherheit)
1937 - 1938 Michael Skubl
Federal Minister entrusted with the daily management
of the Affairs of Internal Administration and of
Public Security
(Bundesminister betraut mit der sachlichen Leitung
der Angelegenheiten der inneren Verwaltung und der
öffentlichen Sicherheit)
1938 Arthur Seyss-Inquart 1892 - 1946
Ministers of JusticeSecretaries of State at the State Office for JusticeStaatssekretäre im Staatsamt für Justiz
1918 - 1919 Julius Roller
1919 Richard Bratusch
1919 - 1920 Rudolf Ramek s.a.
1920 Matthias Eldersch* s.a.
1920 Julius Roller (2x)
Federal Ministers of JusticeBundesjustizminister
1920 - 1922 Rudolf Paltauf
1922 - 1923 Leopold Waber s.a.
Vice-Chancellors in charge of Judicial AffairsVizekanzler betraut mit Justizangelegenheiten
1923 - 1924 Felix Frank s.a.
1924 - 1926 Leopold Waber (2x)
1926 - 1927 Franz Dinghofer s.a.
Federal Ministers of JusticeBundesjustizminister
1927 - 1928 Franz Dinghofer s.a.
1928 Ignaz Seipel* s.a.
1928 - 1930 Franz Slama 1885 -
1930 Franz Hueber 1894 - 1981
1930 - 1931 Hans Schürff 1875 - 1939
1931 Johann Schober* s.a.
1931 - 1932 Hans Schürff (2x)
1932 - 1934 Kurt Schuschnigg s.a.
1934 - 1935 Egon Berger-Waldenegg s.a.
1935 - 1936 Robert Winterstein 1... - 1938
1936 Hans Hammerstein-Equord 1888 - 1947
1936 - 1938 Adolf Pilz 1877 -
1938 Ludwig Adamovich 1890 - 1955
Ministers of FinanceSecretaries of State at the State Office of FinanceStaatssekretäre im Staatsamt der Finanzen
1918 - 1919 Otto Steinwender 1847 - 1921
1919 Josef Schumpeter 1883 - 1950
1919 - 1920 Richard Reisch 1866 - 1938
Federal Ministers for Finance(5)Bundesfinanzminister
1920 - 1921 Ferdinand Grimm 1869 - 1948
1921 - 1922 Alfred Gürtler 1875 - 1933
1922 Johann Schober* s.a.
1922 August Ségur 1881 - 1931
1922 - 1924 Viktor Kienböck 1873 - 1956
1924 - 1926 Jakob Ahrer 1888 - 1962
1926 Josef Kollmann 1868 - 1951
1926 - 1929 Viktor Kienböck (2x)
1929 Johann Josef Mittelberger 1879 - 1963
1929 Johann Schober* (2x)
1929 - 1931 Otto Juch 1876 - 1964
1931 Josef Redlich 1869 - 1936
1931 Karl Buresch s.a.
1931 - 1933 Emanuel Weidenhoffer 1874 - 1939
1933 - 1935 Karl Buresch* (2x)
1935 - 1936 Ludwig Draxler 1896 - 1972
1936 Kurt Schuschnigg* s.a.
1936 - 1938 Rudolf Neumayer 1887 - 1977
(5) In 1922 the League of Nations toke over the problem of reconstructing
post-war Austrian economy and finances. An international loan under its
garanty was granted to the country and a commissioner - general of the
League was appointed to supervise Austrian finances.
Commissioner - General of the League of Nations
1922 - 1926 Alfred Rudolf Zimmerman (Netherlands) 1869 - 1939
____________________________________________________________________________
The Vaterländische Front (Patriotic Front) was founded in 1933 as an
organisation uniting "all forces loyal to the Austrian government". In 1934
all political parties were dissolved and the Front became the sole remaining
political groupement.
Bundesführer
1933 - 1934 Engelbert Dollfuss s.a.
1934 - 1936 Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg s.a.
1936 - 1938 Kurt Schuschnigg s.a.
GERMAN AUSTRIA 1938 - 1945
In 1938 a N.S.D.A.P.-government toke power. This was immediately followed by
the occcupation of the country by German troops and its annexation (Anschluss
to Germany.
At first Austria - now styled Ostmark - kept some central institutions, but
they were gradually abolished and in 1940 the seven Reichsgaue set up in 1939
became directly subject to the German government. (6)
(6) Even the name Ostmark disappeared after 1942, the region now
being styled Alpen- und Donaureichsgaue
See AUSTRIAN LÄNDER for the seven Reichsgaue
____________________________________________________________________________
Reichscommissioner for the reunion of Austria with the German Empire
Reichskommissar für die Wiedervereinigung Österreichs mit dem Deutschen Reich
1938 - 1940 Josef Bürckel 1895 - 1944
Reichsstatthalter von Ostmark
1940 Josef Bürckel s.a.
____________________________________________________________________________
Prime MinisterReichsstatthalter, Head of the Austrian Landsgovernment (7)
Reichsstathalter, Leiter der österreichischen Landesregierung
(7) Seyss-Inquart also held the portfolios of Foreign Affairs
(in 1938), of Defence (in 1938) and of the Interior (1938 -
1939).
The government Seyss-Inquart started as a regular Austrian
government, but after the Anschluss it was degraded to a
Landesregierung similar to those of the other German Länder.
The most important ministries (Foreign Affairs, Defence, ...)
were soon abolished, the others continuing to exist until
1939.
After the resignation of Bundespräsident Miklas, Seyss-Inquart
was also very briefly acting Head of State.
1938 - 1939 Arthur Seyss-Inquart s.a.
Minister of Foreign Affairs
(Minister für auswärtige Angelegenheiten)
1938 Wilhelm Wolff
Secretaries of State for Public Security
(Staatssekretäre für das Sicherheitswesen)
1938 Michael Skubl s.a.
1938 Ernst Kaltenbrunner 1903 - 1946
Secretary of State for Propaganda
(Staatssekretär für die Angelegenheiten der politische
Willensbildung)
1938 Hubert Klausner 1892 - 1939
Minister of Justice
Justizminister
1938 - 1939 Franz Hueber (2x)
Minister of Finance
Finanzminister
1938 Rudolf Neumayer s.a.
____________________________________________________________________________
The Austrian section of the German N.S.D.A.P. was established in 1926. It
was forbidden in 1933, but tacitly legalised in 1936 after an Austrian
- German agreement and came to power in 1938.
Landesleiter
1926 - 1935 Richard Suchanek "Suchenwirth" 1896 - 1965
1935 - 1938 Josef Leopold 1889 - 1941
1938 Hubert Klausner* s.a.
1938 - 1939 Josef Bürckel* s.a.
In 1939 central leadership was abolished and the different Gaue became
directly subordinated to the German leadership.
REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA
In 1945 Austria was occupied by allied forces and in execution of the Moscow
agreement of 1943 the Republic of Austria was immediately restored, be it
under allied supervision.
____________________________________________________________________________
COMMANDERS OF THE ALLIED FORCES IN AUSTRIA
Commander of the U.S. Seventh Army (8)
(8) In Western Austria, together with some French and British
troops.
1945 Alexander M. Patch
Commander of the Soviet Second Ukrainian Front (9)
(9) In North Eastern Austria.
1945 Rodion Iakovlevich Malinovski 1898 - 1967
Commander of the Soviet Third Ukrainian Front (10)
(10) In South Eastern Austria
1945 Fedor Ivanovich Tolbukhin 1894 - 1949
____________________________________________________________________________
AUSTRIAN MINISTERS
Prime MinisterState ChancellorStaatskanzler
1945 Karl Renner, Head of a provisional government (2x)
Undersecretary of State for the Army
Unterstaatsekretär fur Heerwesen
1945 Franz Winterer
Minister of the InteriorSecretary of State at the State Office for the InteriorStaatssekretär im Staatsamt für Inneres
1945 Franz Honner 1893 - 1964
Minister of JusticeSecretary of State at the State Office for JusticeStaatssekretär im Staatsamt für Justiz
1945 Josef Gerö 1896 - 1954
Minister of FinanceSecretary of State at the State Office for FinanceStaatssekretär im Staatsamt für Finanzen
1945 Georg Zimmermann 1897 - 1958
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