Chapter 8

  • Distribution
    1. We say that a term is distributed if the statement refers to all the members of that group in some way.
      • It does not matter whether the reference is positive or negative.
      • Terms are distributed or not distributed based on their position within A E I O statements.

    2. In this simple table, distributed terms are Bold and Red.

      A:AllXareZ
      E:NoXareZ
      I:SomeXareZ
      O:SomeXare notZ

    3. You must know which terms are distributed in order to apply the Rules of Validity.


Square | Existential Import | Immediate Inference | Distribution | Question? | Self-tests | Logic Page 1