Caucasus

Kaukasoa

The Caucasus

The Caucasus is a veritable Babel Tower of languages, ethnic groups, territorial claims, conflicts and so on... You can open quite a good map and check the two tables or listings here, one the Territorial Caucasus for the administrative division (somehow theoretical, as there are de facto borders drawn by wars and conflicts) and the other for the Ethnolinguistic Caucasus. In GeoNative, we have plenty of pages dedicated to placenames in languages of this region, just click in the marked languages or territories to explore the toponymy of the Caucasus.

Check other pages from the former Soviet Union.

Kaukasoa

Kaukasoa benetako Babel Dorrea da: hizkuntzak, talde etnikoak, lurralde eztabaidatuak, gatazka eta gerrak... Mapa txukun bat eta bi zerrenda edo taula jarri ditugu hemen, Kaukaso Territoriala, lurralde banaketa ofizial teorikoarekin (de facto beregainak diren lurraldeak ere badira hor gerren ondorioz) eta Kaukaso Etnikoa edo Hizkuntzena. GeoNativen, toki izen ugari ditugu Kaukasoko hizkuntzetan. Egin klik markatutako puntuetan Kaukasoko jatorrizko toponimia esploratzeko.

Sobiet Batasuna zeneko orri gehiago hemen.

The Caucasus

Between brackets [ ], native inhabitants of the region.Two letters between brackets are for the territory code [KR] so you can locate the peoples of the Ethnic Caucasus table.

Kaukasoa

Lurralde banaketa ofiziala. Kortxete artean [ ], lurralde bakoitzeko jatorrizko herriak Kortxete arteko bi letrek [KR] lurralde bakoitzerako kode bat ematen dute, Taula Etnikoan jakiteko zein herri non bizi den. Barkatu izenak bakarrik ingelesez jartzeagatik.

Russia
- Kraj or regions [native Caucasian peoples live scattered in this regions]
  - Krasnodar region [KR]
  - Stavropol region [ST]
- Autonomous republics
  - Adygea [Adyge (Circasian)] [AD]
  - Karachay-Cherkesia [Karachay, Cherkess (Adyge-Circasian), Abaza] [KC]
  - Kabardino-Balkaria [Kabarde (Adyge-Circasian), Balkar] [KB]
  - North Ossetia [Ossetians] [NO]
  - Ingushetia [Ingush] [IN]
  - Chechnya (de facto independent) [Chechen] [CH]
  - Dagestan [nearly 40 groups] [DA]
Georgia [Georgian + diverse minorities] [GE]
- Autonomous areas
  - Abkhazia (de facto independent) [Abkhaz] [AB]
  - Adjaria [Adjars: muslim Georgians] [AD]
  - South Ossetia [Ossetians] [SO]
Armenia [Armenian + diverse minorities] [AR]

Azerbaijan [Azeri + diverse minorities] [AZ]
- Autonomous areas
  - Nagorno Karabakh (de facto attached to Armenia) [Armenians] [NK]
  - Nakhichevan (administratively autonomous) [Azeri] [NA]


Kaukasoa etnikoa

Hizkuntza eta talde etnikoen araberako banaketa. Kortxete artean [ ], hiztunak milakoetan eta non mintzatzen den, goiko taulako lurralde kodeen arabera. Bi hizkuntza talde kaukasiarrak bertakoak indigenak direla esan daiteke, eta mintzaira ergatiboak dira, euskara bezala. Askotan geurea hizkuntza horien ahaide dela esan izan da, baina hizkuntzalari serioek ideia hori baztertzen dute gaur egunean.

Ikus Kaukasoko jatorrizko hizkuntzen transliterazio sistemak Alphabet Street atalean.

Ethnolinguistic Caucasus

Between brackets [ ], number of speakers in the thousands, and territory code [KR] so you can locate the peoples of the Territorial Caucasus table. The first two Caucasian language families are indigenous to the region. These languages share one thing with Basque: ergativity. Genetic relationship with Basque has been repeteadly advicated, but is discarded nowadays.

Check also the transliterations for the native Caucasian languages in the Alphabet Street section.

Kaukasoko hizkuntzak

1. By language family

North Caucasian
- North-West
  - Circasian (Adygbze): Adyge proper [110 AD, KR], Cherkess [45, KC], Kabardian [350, KB]
  - Abkhaz [90, AB]
  - Abaza [33, KC]
  - Ubykh [extinct]
- Central (Vaynakh)
  - Chechen [700 CH, DA]
  - Ingush [160, IN, NO]
  - Bats [3, GE]
- North-East (Dagestani)
  - Avar (Avar-Andi-Dido group) [450 DA]
  - Andi (Avar-Andi-Dido group) [50 DA]: Akhwak, Bagulal, Botlikh, Godoberi, Chamalal, Qarata, Tindi
  - Dido (Avar-Andi-Dido group) [3, DA] Khwarshi, Qapuchi, Hunzib
  - Lak [90 DA]
  - Dargwa (Dargin) [280 DA]: Aqusha, Qubachi, Qaytaq
  - Archi [0.8 DA]
  - Lezgin (Samurian group) [320, DA, AZ]
  - Tabasaran (Samurian group) [70, DA]
  - Agul (Samurian group: close to Tabasaran) [12, DA]
  - Budukh (Samurian group) [2 AZ]: Jek, Khinalug
  - Kriz (Samurian group) [6 DA]
  - Rutul (Samurian group) [12 DA]
  - Tsakhur (Samurian group) [12 DA]
  - Udi [5 AZ, GE]

South Caucasian
- Georgian (kartvelian) [3,600 GE, AZ]
- Laz / Mingrelian. Laz [33 GE, Turkey]. Mingrelian [500 GE]
- Svan [35 GE]

Turkic
- Azeri [4,300 AZ, DA]
- Karachay, Balkar [190 KC, KB]
- Noghay [60 DA, CH, KC, ST]
- Kumyk [220 DA]

Indoeuropean
- Armenian [4,200 AR, NG]
- Iranian
  - Ossetian [572 NO, SO]
  - Tati [22 DA]
  - Talish [160 AZ]

2. Non-indigenous
- Russian (Indoeuropean, Slavic)
- Greek (Indoeuropean, Greek): some pockets
- Kurdish (Indoeuropean, Iranian): some pockets
- Turkmen (Turkic): some pockets

3. Other ethnic (non strictly linguistic) groups
- Meskhet: Turks from Georgia deported in central Asia (1944)
- Mountain Jews: Tati-speaking Jews in Dagestan
- Adzhar: Muslim Georgians
- Khemshin: Muslim Armenians deported in central Asia (1944)
- Cossacks: Russian colonizers

Mapak / Maps

Mapak beste leiho batean irekiko zaizkizu.
Maps will open in a new window.

Kaukasoko mapa etnolinguistikoa (handia).
Ethnolinguistic map of the Caucasus (large).

Kaukasoko mapa bat Georgieraz idatzia, bertako idazkera kaukasiar jatorrizkoan.
A map in Georgian, using the native Georgian script.

Loturak / Links:
- Kaf-Der (diaspora association):
  - http://www.marketweb.net.tr/tanitim/kafder/index.html
- Alphabets of the Caucasian languages:
  - http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Ithaca/2286/
- Caucasian link collection:
  - http://www.geocities.com/Eureka/Enterprises/2493/cauclink.html
Eguneratua / Last updated: 1999.01.25

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