Hurley
SYG 2000
Video Lecture Outline: Chapter 18
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I. Major Topics Preview
II. Religion: Basic Concepts
III. Functions of Religion
IV. Types of Religions
V. Major Forms of Western Religious Organization
VI. Dimensions of Religiosity
VII. Religion and Social Change
VIII. World Religions
IX. Religious Trends In The United States
X. Looking Ahead: Religion In the Twenty-First Century
'Pacem in Terris'
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.....A. Religion: Basic Concepts
.....B. Functions of Religion
.....C. Types of Religions
.....D. Forms of Religious Organizations
.....E. Religosity
.....F. Religion and Social Change
.....G. World Religions
.....H. Religious Trends in the United States
.....A. Profane
.....B. Sacred
.....C. Ritual
.....D. Belief
.....E. Faith
.....A. Societal Functions of Religion
..........1. Ongoing structural interdependence
..........2. Support for Political Institutions
..........3. Religious Mission
..........4. Community Service (Charity)
..........5. Education
..........6. Leadership
.....B. Individual Functions of Religion
..........1. Meaning, Reference and Value
..........2. Identification
..........3. Sanctification and Social Support
..........4. Social Control and Social Change
.....C. Constructing the Sacred: Symbolic-Interaction Analysis
.....D. Inequality and Religion: Social-Conflict Analysis
.....A. Religious Boundaries
..........1. Sacred verses Profane
..........2. Ritual and Catechism
..........3. Institutional Autonomy
.....B. Simple Supernaturalism
..........1. Mana (Blessings and Curses)
..........2. Spirit Forces
..........3. Superstitions
.....C. Animism
..........1. Identification with Animals
..........2. Magic
..........3. Shamanism
.....D.Theism [Belief in God]
..........1. Polytheism
..........2. Monotheism
..........3. Deism
..........4. Pantheism
.....E. Abstract Ideals
..........1. Taoism
..........2. Philosophical Ethics
..........3. Theosophies
.....A. Major Forms:
..........1. Ecclesia
..........2. Denomination
..........3. Sect
..........4. Cult
.....B. Characteristics of an Ecclesia
..........1. Claims membership of everyone in society
..........2. Has powerful bureaucracy of trained officials
..........3. Supports government authorities
..........4. Is supported by government authorities
..........5. In Integrated into all institutions
..........6. Consistently sanctions community activities
..........7. Has substantial holdings of property
..........8. Maintains an orthodox, systematic theology
..........9. Provides craddle-to-grave member emphasis
.....C. Characteristics of a Denomination
..........1. Actively maintains a separation of church and state
..........2. No one Denomination claims membership of a majority of society
..........3. Often expresses criticism/support for political authorities/activities
..........4. Draws members from several contiguous social classes
..........5. Has a bureaucratic organization with trained officials and clergy
..........6. Members tend to be born into the faith, but new members are easily accepted
..........7. Recruitment of new members is usually directed at noncommitted
..........8. Denominations usually respect and cooperate with each other
..........9. Established denominations accrue substantial property holdings and wealth
..........10. Theologies differ substantially between Denominations; not within them
..........11. Orthodoxy of Theology is highly influenced by social class
..........12. Denominations typically believe: 'Once Saved, Always Saved.'
.....D. Characteristics of a Sect
..........1. Either split off from a Denomination/Ecclesia or evolved from a Cult
..........2. Little or no formal training given to officials and clergy
..........3. Leaders must be 'Called'
..........4. Members are primarily recruited by conversion
..........5. Members are usually drawn from alienated segments of society
..........6. Conversion activites are directed at the 15-35 age group
..........7. Worship emphasizes emotion, spontaneity and participation
..........8. Beliefs emphasize a few key doctrines; not ritual or systematic Theology
..........9. They are usually hostile toward political authorities
..........10. Most Sects evolve into Denominations or die out
..........11. With Denominational status, they gain respectability and loose their fervor and alienation
.....E. Characteristics of a Cult [a Religiously Based Cult of Personality]
..........1. It is very loosely organized
..........2. It possesses very few coherent doctrines
..........3. Central focus of membership is a personal relationship with a charismatic leader
..........4. Participation and affirmation is required
..........5. Conversion activities are directed at young (15-35) and socially vulnerable
..........6. Activities are designed to reinforce commitment to the group
..........7. Situational control is often used to manipulate member participation
..........8. Members see the Leader as God's agent on Earth
..........9. Members see their spiritual destiny through the Leader
..........10. After the death (or retirement) of the Leader, the group must evolve into a Sect or die out
.....A. Influence on What we Think
..........1. Personal beliefs
..........2. Compartmentalized Values?
..........3. Articles of Faith
..........4. Intellectual Integration
.....B. Influence on What We Do
..........1. Rational behavioral consistency
..........2. Ethics
..........3. Hypocrisy?
.....C. Influence on How We Feel
.........1. Guilt and Shame?
.........2. Blessedness
.........3. Personal Integrity
.....A. Religious processes in support of the Social Order
..........1. Weber's study of Calvinism
..........2. Cultural Integration
..........3. Religious Ideology and political support
.....B. Religious processes in support of Change
..........1. Social Stratification and Religious Affiliation
..........2. Marx's Influences:
...............a. False Consciousness
...............b. Economic determinism
...............c. Liberation Theology
.....C. Religion as an Agent for:
..........1. Government
..........2. Business
..........3. Social Reform
.....D. Religion and Patriarchy: Does God favor Males?
.....E. Other Religious Movements
..........1. Millenarian Movements
..........2. Messianic Movements
..........3. Religious Nationalistic Movements (Fascism)
.....A. Purposes of Religion
..........1. Individual Purposes:
..............a. Make the Wicked Righteous
..............b. Make the Ignorant Learned
..............c. Make Strangers Friends
..............d. Enable individuals to be at peace with themselves
..............e. Enable individuals to share their peace with others, and the world
..........2. Purposes for Society
..............a. Grounding of Cultural Values
..............b. Religious and Social integration
..............c. Social cohesion
.....B. Christianity
...........1. Two divisions: Catholic and Protestant
...........2. Monotheistic
...........3. 1.9 billion world members
...........4. Strong influece on Industrialism
...........5. Substantial Wealth and Porperty
.....C. Islam
..........1. Monotheistic
..........2. 1.1 billion world members
..........3. Fastest growing world Religion
..........4. Some sects are extremely fanatical
.....D. Hinduism
..........1. Mixed form of Religion
..........2. World's oldest Religion
..........3. 500 million world members
..........4. Emphasizes Life of Care
.....E. Buddhism
..........1. Emphasizes Enlightenment
..........2. Based on life of Siddharta Gautama
..........3. 330 million world members
.....F. Confusianism
..........1. Emphasizes Moral Living
..........2. Based on life of K'ung-Fu-tzu
..........3. Stresses balance and symmetry
..........4. 200 million world members
.....G. Judaism
..........1. Religion associated with the Old Testament of the 'Bible'
..........2. Stresses God's covenant with the 'Chosen People'
..........3. 20 million world members
.....A. Religious Affiliation
.....................Religious Indentification in the U.S., 1993
..........Religion..................................................% Preference
..........Protestant Denominations..........................59.3%
................Baptist.........................................20.6%
................Methodist.......................................9.4%
................Luthern..........................................6.7%
................Presbyterian..................................4.8%
................Episcopalian..................................2.2%
................All Other/No Denomination..........15.6%
..........Roman Catholic..........................................25.4%
..........Jewish...........................................................2.0%
..........Other/No Response......................................4.2%
..........No Religion....................................................9.2%
.....B. Religion and Social Class
..........1. Social Class
..........2. Ethnicity and Race
.....C. Religion In A Changing Society
..........1. Secularization
..........2. Civil Religion
..........3. Religious Revival
.....D. Religious Fundamentalists:
..........1. Interpret the Scriptures literally
..........2. Do Not accept Religious Pluralism
..........3. Pursue the personal experience of God's presence
..........4. Oppose 'Secular Humanism'
..........5. Usually endorse conservative political goals
.....E. The Electronic Church
.....F. Does Science Threaten Religion?