Hurley
SYG 2000

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I. The Social Significance Of Race And Ethnicity
.....A. Two Definitions
..........1. John Macionis: 'Race is a category of people who share biological traits members
...............of society deem socially significant.'
.........2. Drew Hurley: 'A Race is an athletic event of specific duration or distance.
.....B. Aristole's Model of Life Forms on Earth descend from Phylum, Order, Species, to Family.
...............A Racial distinction exists when members of one Race breed with members of another
...............Race of the same Species and cannot produce fertile offspring; such as a mule or a hennie.
...............No such distinction exists among HomoSapians.
.....C. Ethnicity -- A shared cultural heritage [Table of Ethnic Categories in the U.S.]
.....D. Minority -- A category of people, distinguished by physical or cultural traits, who are socially
...............disadvantaged.
....E. The Coming Minority-Majority?

II. Prejudice
.....A. Definitions
..........1. Prejudice -- a rigid and irrational generalization about an entire category of people.
..........2. Stereotypes -- prejudical, exaggerated descriptions of a category of people.
..........3. Racism -- the belief that one racial category is innately superior, or inferior, to another.
..........4. Racism and Social Domination
................a. Nazi Holocaust
................b. Social Darwinism
.....B. Theories of Prejudice
..........1. Scapegoat Theory of Prejudice - a person or category of people, typically with little power,
................whom people blame unfairly for their own troubles.
.....C. Authoritarian Personality Theory - Authoritarians hold rigid conventional values, see morality
...............as being clear cut, are highly ethnocentric and prone to militaristic causes.
.....D. Cultural Theory of Prejudice - social distance increases with greater elements of cultural
...............difference (See Edward T. Hall's concept of Social Distances).
.....E. The Social Psychology of Prejudice Model [Social Learning Theory]
...........1. Stereotyping +
...........2. Scapegoating +
...........3. Projection =
...........4. Extreme Prejudice and Discrimination
.....F. Does Race Affect Intelligence? ..........1. Intelligence and IQ
..........2. Harry Stack Sullivan, in 1903, wrote to Alfred Binet, 'Intelligence is culturally defined as the
...............facility and efficiency with which an individual utilizes what his culture values.'
..........3. IQ tests are culturally biased, affecting:
..........4. Access to education
..........5. Quality of education
.....G. Conflict Theory of Prejudice - competition over resources and opportunities creates prejudice.
..........1. Racism is a control strategy to divide and conquer minority groups
..........2. Thereby perpetuating the political and economic exploitation of the non-upper classes.

III. Discrimination
.....A. Merton's Model of Prejudice:
............Prejudice.............................................Discrimination
.......................................................Yes........................................No
................Yes..........................Active Bigot..........................Timid Bigot
...................................Prejudiced Discriminator.....Prejudiced Nondiscriminator

.................No..................Fair-Weather Liberal.............All-Weather Liberal
...............................Nonprejudiced Discriminator....Nonprejudiced Nondiscriminator

.....B. Discrimination - Any action that involves treating various categories of people unequally.
.....C. Institutional Prejudice and Discrimination - bias in attitude or action inherent in the operations
...........of social institutions.
............1. Rodney King
............2. O. J. Simpson
.....D. Prejudice and Discrimination: The Vicious Cycle
...........1. Prejudice and Discrimination begin
...........2. As a Result minorities are disadvantaged
...........3. Lack of Success is seen as inferiority
...........4. Prejudice and Discrimination are Repeated

IV. Majority And Minority: Patterns Of Interaction
.....A. Pluralism - a state in which minorities are distinct but have parity.
.....B. Assimilation - a process by which minorities gradually adopt patterns of the dominant culture.
.....C. Segregation - the physical and social separation of categories of people.
.....D. Genocide - the systematic annihilation of one category of people by another.
.....E. The Simpson & Yinger Model of Minority/Majority Relations [1978]
................Positive Outcomes
...........1. Assimilation
...........2. Cultural Pluralism
...........3. Minority Legal Protection
................Negative Outcomes
...........4. Population Transfer
...........5. Subjugation
...........6. Extermination

V. Race and Ethnicity In The United States
.....A. Native Americans (1990 data)
...........1. MFI= $21,750
...........2. 30.9% live in Poverty
...........3. 9.3% graduated from College
.....B. While Anglo-Saxon Protestants
...........1. 48.7% of Population
...........2. Dominant cultural and economic group in the U.S.
.....C. African Americans (1994 data)
...........1. Only group brought to this Country Against Their Will.
...........2. Only group Enslaved in this Country.
...........3. MFI= $21,548
...........4. 12.7 years of Schooling on Average
...........5. 12.9% College Degrees
...........6. 33.1% in Poverty
.....D. Chinese Americans
...........1. Self-help Communities
...........2. MFI= $41,316
...........3. 40.7% College Degrees
...........4. 14.0% in Poverty
.....E. Japanese Americans
...........1. Assimilation Strategy
...........2. MFI= $51,550
...........3. 34.5% College Degrees
...........4. 7.0% in Poverty
.....F. Koreans
..........1. MFI= $33,909
..........2. 34.5% College Degrees
..........3. 13.7% in Poverty
.....G. Filipinos
..........1. MFI= $46,698
..........2. 39.3% College Degrees
..........3. 6.4% in Poverty
.....H. Mexican Americans
..........1. MFI= $23,431
..........2. 6.2% College Degrees
..........3. 25.0% in Poverty
.....I. Cuban Americans
.........1. MFI= $31,439
.........2. 18.5% College Degrees
.........3. 13,8% in Poverty
.....J. Puerto Ricans
.........1. MFI= $18,008
.........2. 10.1% College Degrees
.........3. 37,5% in Poverty
.....K. White Ethnic Americans
.........1. MFI= $36,812
.........2. 21.4% College Degrees
.........3. 14.5% in Poverty

VI. U.S. Minorities: Looking Ahead
.....A. More of the Same
.....B. Affirmative Action: Problem or Solution?
..........1. Whose Debt?
..........2. Compensatory Damages
..........3. Reverse Discrimination
..........4. Collateral Responsibility

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