A "Problem Specific Data Base for Renal Failure in Immature Dogs" is included
in the chapter on renal disease in Veterinary Pediatrics, Dogs & Cats from
Birth to Six Months, 2nd edition, as is a table on "Medical Management of
Chronic Renal Failure". (1)
Kruger, J.M., Osborne, C.A., et al. : Congenital and Hereditary Disorders
of the Kidney. Veterinary Pediatrics Dogs & Cats from Birth to Six Months.,
2nd edition. (J.D. Hoskins, ed.) W.B.Saunders, Philadelphia, Pa, 1995: pp
401-406.
DiBartola Stephen P. et al: Familial Renal disease in Dogs and Cats.
Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. (S.J. Ettinger, & E.C. Feldman, ed)
W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, Pa. 1995:pp 1796-1801.
McMaw, D.l; Fleming, E.J.; Mikiciuk, M.G. : Chronic renal failure in dogs:
Managing an irreversible condition. Symposium on Renal disease. Veterinary
Medicine; March 1989; p 297-303.
Polzin, D.J.; Osborne, C.A.: Update - Conservative Medical Management of
Chronic Renal Failure. Current Therapy IX (R.W. Kirk, ed.) W. B. Saunders,
Philadelphia, PA., 1986 pp 1167-1173.
Finco, D.R.: The Role of Phosphorus Restriction in the Management of
Chronic Renal Failure of the Dog and Cat; Proc. 7th Kal Kan Sypm. . Veterinary
Learning Systems, Lawrenceville, NJ 1983; pp 131-133
Willis, Malcolm B: Genetics of the Dog. Howell Book House, New York, NY,
1989;p 356.
Crawford, M.A.:The Kidneys, Congenital and Inherited Disorders.Veterinary
Pediatrics Dogs & Cats from Birth to Six Months. (J.D. Hoskins, ed.) W.B.
Saunders, Philadelphia, Pa, 1990: pp 272-276.
DiBartola S.P., Chew D.J., et al: Juvenile Renal Disease in related
Standard Poodles. JAVMA:183:693-696.
Bovee, K.C.: Overview of the Uremic Syndrome. Current Veterinary Therapy VII
(R.W. Kirk, ed.) W.B. Saunders. Philadelphia, Pa., 1980. pp 1079-1080.
Chew, D.J.; DiBartola, S.P.: Manual of Small Animal Nephrology and Urology.
Churchill Livingston. New York, NY. 1986; pp 1-78.
Krawiec, D.R.: Renal Failure in Immature Dogs. JAAHA 23:101-107; 1987.
McMaw, D.l; Fleming, E.J.; Mikiciuk, M.G.. : Selecting the right diagnostic
tests for renal disease. Symposium on Renal disease. Veterinary Medicine;
March 1989; pp 267-272.
McMaw, D.l; Fleming, E.J.; Mikiciuk, M.G. : Interpreting the results of
urinalysis: A key to diagnosing renal disorders. Symposium on Renal
Disease.Veterinary Medicine; March 1989; p 281-286.
Picut, G.A.; Lewis. R.M.: Comparative Pathology of Canine Hereditary
Neuropathies: An Interpretive Review. Vet. Res. Comm. 11:561-581; 1987.
Picut, G.A.; Lewis, R.M.: Microscopic Features of Canine Dysplasia. Vet. Path.
24:158-163; 1987.
____
J Small Anim Pract 1980 Mar;21(3):169-81
Chronic renal failure in young dogs--possible renal dysplasia.
PMID: 7366181, UI: 80163925
----------
J Small Anim Pract 1996 Nov;37(11):552-5
Renal dysplasia in a Rhodesian ridgeback dog.
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria,
Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa.
A six-month-old Rhodesian ridgeback dog was presented for evaluation of facial
swelling. Chronic renal failure was clinically diagnosed based on urinalysis,
biochemical changes and ultrasonography. The facial swelling was due to
fibrousosteodystrophy, which was evident on survey radiographs of the skull. On post
mortem examination, chronic renal failure as a result of renal dysplasia was
confirmed. This is the first reported case of renal dysplasia in this breed of
dog.
Vet Pathol 1987 Mar;24(2):156-63
Microscopic features of canine renal dysplasia.
Forty-five cases of renal dysplasia in dogs are examined. Microscopic lesions
of dysplasia include asynchronous differentiation of nephrons, persistent
mesenchyme, persistent metanephric ducts, atypical tubular epithelium, and
dysontogenic metaplasia. These may be distinguished from secondary lesions
including compensatory hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the nephron and a
variety of degenerative and inflammatory lesions. Although morphological features of
renal dysplasia in dogs differ somewhat from those in man, microscopic
criteria used in the diagnosis of human dysplasia may be useful when applied to the
dog.
PMID: 3576910, UI: 87207521
----------
J Am Vet Med Assoc 1983 Sep 15;183(6):693-6
Juvenile renal disease in related Standard Poodles.
Chronic renal failure was diagnosed in 6 young Standard Poodles from 2 related
litters. Clinically, the disease was characterized by polydipsia, polyuria,
anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, and bony deformities suggestive of fibrous
osteodystrophy. Laboratory evaluation revealed azotemia and
hypercholesterolemia in all 6 dogs and nonregenerative anemia in 3 dogs. Two
dogs had hyperphosphatemia and another 2 were hypercalcemic. Isosthenuria and
proteinuria were found in both dogs for which urinalyses were available. The
kidneys were characterized pathologically by interstitial fibrosis, variable
interstitial infiltrates of lymphocytes and plasma cells, tubular atrophy,
tubular dilatation, tubular basement membrane mineralization, cystic
glomerular atrophy, and immaturity of glomeruli, with inconspicuous capillary lumens.
PMID: 6629980, UI: 84031952
dd
----------
Acta Vet Hung 1997;45(4):397-408
Ultrasonographic findings of renal dysplasia in cocker spaniels: eight cases.
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Science, Budapest,
Hungary.
A retrospective study of eight young Cocker Spaniels aged 9-24 months was
performed to describe the ultrasonographic findings of histologically
confirmed renal dysplasia. Ultrasonography revealed kidneys of significantly (p < 0.001)
reduced volume in all dogs. During qualitative evaluation, two different types
of sonographic alterations could be seen. In one type of the ultrasound
alterations, corticomedullary demarcation was distinct and the renal cortex
was remarkably thin, which was best seen in the dorsal (frontal) imaging plane. In
the other type of the ultrasound appearance, overall increased echogenicity
with poor corticomedullary demarcation was noticed, and the kidneys could
hardly be separated from their surroundings. These features were best
recognised in the sagittal (coronal) imaging plane. In one dog with secondary
hypercalcaemia, a hyperechoic corticomedullary area was also seen. Post-mortem
histological diagnosis revealed renal dysplasia and secondary fibrosis. Based
on ultrasound findings alone, renal dysplasia (renal familial disease) can be
suspected when small kidneys with thin echogenic cortex are present in young
dogs. An ultrasound image, similar to that of fibrotic kidneys (increased
overall echogenicity and reduced corticomedullary definition) cannot be
differentiated from chronic inflammatory disease and from end-stage kidneys.
Therefore, ultrasound-guided biopsy or post-mortem histology is necessary for
the definitive diagnosis of renal dysplasia. This is the first study reporting
on the ultrasound appearance of renal dysplasia in Cocker Spaniel dogs.
PMID: 9557317, UI: 98218073
----------
Vet Rec 1990 Dec 15;127(24):596-7
A case of juvenile nephropathy in a Newfoundland dog.
Edgewood Veterinary Group, Purleigh, Chelmsford, Essex.
PMID: 2075690, UI: 91165270
----------
Aust Vet J 1979 Apr;55(4):181-3
Renal cortical hypoplasia in a dog.
A case of renal cortical hypoplasia in a Cocker Spaniel bitch is presented.
The dog, under clinical observation between the ages of 15 to 26 months, was found
to have advancing chronic renal insufficiency. Necropsy examination revealed a
markedly hypoplastic renal cortex with a reduced number of glomeruli, some
dilated Bowman's capsules, small glomerular tufts, and early interstitial
nephritis and fibrosis characteristic of renal cortical hypoplasia.
PMID: 464940, UI: 79231316
----------
Can Vet J 1977 Jul;18(7):181-9
Familial renal disease in Samoyed dogs.
PMID: 884645, UI: 77223389
----------
Zentralbl Veterinarmed [A] 1986 Mar;33(3):193-207
[Pathomorphology of so-called juvenile renal disease in the dog].
[Article in German]
PMID: 3085397, UI: 86210748
----------
J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990 Apr 15;196(8):1279-84
Suspected familial renal disease in chow chows.
Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University
of Georgia, Athens 30602.
Renal disease was diagnosed in 6 young Chow Chows. Clinical abnormalities
included vomiting, polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss. Common abnormal
laboratory findings were azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia,
nonregenerative anemia, and low urine specific gravity. All 6 dogs had similar
microscopic renal lesions. characterized by interstitial fibrosis, a
population of small glomeruli, and lack of inflammatory cells. A familial basis for the
renal disease is suggested because of its development in 4 closely related
dogs.
PMID: 2332376, UI: 90236807
----------
Am J Vet Res 1977 Jul;38(7):941-7
Familial renal disease in Norwegian Elkhound dogs: morphologic examinations.
Periglomerular and interstitial fibrosis were the earliest renal lesions in 21
Norwegian Elkhound (NE) dogs with familial renal disease. Histopathologic
study did not reveal the cause of the disease, and light microscopy did not show
renal lesions different from nonfamilial renal lesions commonly observed in
dogs. Histopathologic evaluation was reliable for detecting disease in NE dogs
prior to onset of isosthenuria and azotemia. Results of glomerular counts,
determining kidney size, and dissection of the nephron indicated that nephron
numbers and size were adequate early in the disease, but that numbers
decreased as the disease progressed. Electron microscopic and immunofluorescent studies
were not suggestive of an immune basis of the renal disease, nor did
histopathologic or angiographic studies indicate primary vascular lesions.
Nephron dissections revealed sacculations in distal tubules and collecting
ducts of affected NE dogs. Renal disease did not develop in mongrel pups given
injections of an homogenate or renal tissue from an affected NE dogs.
PMID: 883721, UI: 77240305
----------
Vet Pathol 1995 May;32(3):327-9
Renal dysplasia in golden retrievers.
University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of
Pathology, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
PMID: 7604504, UI: 95328216
----------
Vet Rec 1976 Apr 10;98(15):288-93
Chronic renal failure in dogs: a comparative clinical and morphological study
of chronic glomerulonephritis and chronic interstitial nephritis.
Chronic renal disease is an important clinical problem in dogs. Until
recently, diffuse renal fibrosis with chronic renal failure has been attributed
mainly to chronic interstitial nephritis, itself considered to be the end stage of acute
leptospiral nephritis. A clinical and morphological analysis of eight cases of
chronic glomerulonephritis is described and a comparison made with eight dogs
suffering from severe chronic interstitial nephritis. Clinically and
biochemically, the two diseases were virtually indistinguishable, both
resulting in uraemia. A possible distinguishing feature of chronic
interstitial nephritis was the anaemia which was absent from chronic glomerulonephritis
cases. Morphologically, the two diseases appeared to be distinguishable on
three grounds; the pattern and severity of fibrosis, the degree of fibrin
deposition and the immunofluorescence findings.
PMID: 1274139, UI: 76200609
----------
J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996 Aug 15;209(4):792-7
Juvenile renal disease in golden retrievers: 12 cases (1984-1994).
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine,
Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
OBJECTIVE--To evaluate clinical and pathologic findings in Golden Retrievers
with renal dysplasia. DESIGN--Retrospective study. ANIMALS--12 young Golden
Retrievers with chronic renal disease. PROCEDURE--Medical records of affected
dogs were evaluated on the basis of clinical findings, laboratory test
results,
and histologic findings. RESULTS--Common clinical findings were vomiting,
anorexia, weight loss, polydipsia, and polyuria. Common laboratory findings
were azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypercholesterolemia, isosthenuria,
proteinuria, hypercalcemia, and nonregenerative anemia. Many affected dogs
also
had urinary tract infections, and some were hypertensive. Renal lesions
consisted of moderate-to-severe interstitial fibrosis and mild-to-moderate
lymphoplasmacytic interstitial inflammation. Cystic glomerular atrophy and
periglomerular fibrosis were prominent features in most affected dogs. Fetal
lobulation of glomeruli, adenomatoid hyperplasia of collecting tubule
epithelium, and primitive mesenchymal connective tissue were histologic
features suggestive of renal dysplasia. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS--Renal dysplasia
should be suspected in Golden Retrievers < 3 years old with clinical findings
and laboratory results indicative of renal disease.
PMID: 8756882, UI: 96328377
----------
Vet Rec 1981 Feb 21;108(8):167-8
Familial renal disease in samoyed dogs.
PMID: 7210449, UI: 81154850
----------
Vet Pathol 1990 Nov;27(6):455-8
Juvenile renal disease in miniature schnauzer dogs.
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
PMID: 2278134, UI: 91118639
----------
J Nutr 1998 Dec;128(12 Suppl):2765S-2767S
Is there a role for dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in
canine renal disease?
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The
University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Dogs with spontaneous renal diseases frequently develop progressive uremia.
After partial nephrectomy, a similar pattern of progressively declining renal
function develops. This pattern may be attributed in part to the
development of glomerular hypertension in remnant canine nephrons. Changes in the composition of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) modify glomerular
hemodynamics in normal rats and affect the chronic course of renal disease in partially
nephrectomized rats. Thus, dietary PUFA supplementation might alter progressive
canine nephropathies. However, the response of dogs with renal insufficiency to
dietary manipulations frequently differs substantially from that of laboratory
rodents, and the effects of dietary PUFA composition have been poorly
characterized in dogs with chronic renal disease. Here we address the
hypothesis that dietary PUFA supplementation may delay the progression of
chronic renal insufficiency in dogs. In particular, dogs ingesting diets
supplemented with (n-6) PUFA exhibited severe glomerular hypertension
associated with rapidly progressive renal failure. In contrast, dietary
supplementation with (n-3) PUFA prevented deterioration of the glomerular
filtration rate and preserved renal structure. The results of these model
studies demonstrate that dietary PUFA supplementation may alter renal
hemodynamics and the long-term course of renal injury in dogs. Clinical trials
to address the potential benefits of dietary (n-3) PUFA supplementation in a
variety of spontaneous renal diseases seem warranted.
Publication Types:
Review
Review, tutorial
PMID: 9868261, UI: 99086592
----------
Vet Q 1998 Oct;20(4):146-8
Renal dysplasia in three young adult Dutch kooiker dogs.
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University,
Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Chronic renal failure as consequence of renal dysplasia was diagnosed in three
young adult Dutch kooiker dogs (Dutch decoy dogs). Two animals were anorectic
from an early age and were thinner than healthy dogs of the same breed. All
three were presented because of apathy and weakness. Laboratory examination
revealed anaemia and uraemia. One dog was presented with severe dehydration
and died during emergency treatment. One dog was euthanatised because of a poor
prognosis, and one was given a low-protein diet. This dog survived for 7
months after the diagnosis of chronic renal failure. At necropsy all three animals
had shrunken, pale, and firm kidneys that showed microscopical lesions
characteristic of canine renal dysplasia, such as asynchronous differentiation
of nephrons, persistent immature mesenchyme, persistent metanephric ducts, and
adenomatoid proliferation of the tubular epithelium. Secondary degenerative
and inflammatory changes consisted of interstitial fibrosis and predominantly
lymphocytic/plasmacytic inflammation. This is the first report of renal
dysplasia in the Dutch kooiker dog. The disease should be included in the
differential diagnosis in young Dutch kooiker dogs with signs of chronic renal
failure. The presentation of three cases of this rare disease in this breed,
which is based on a rather small gene pool, suggests that it is a familial or
hereditary nephropathy.
PMID: 9810631, UI: 99028326
----------
Aust Vet J 1989 Jul;66(7):193-5
Chronic renal disease in bull terriers.
School of Veterinary Studies, Murdoch University, Western Australia.
Chronic renal failure was diagnosed in 15 Bull terrier dogs. The dogs
ranged in age from one to 8 years. History and clinical findings typically included
lethargy, anorexia, polyuria, polydipsia and weight loss. Affected dogs were
azotaemic, had elevated serum phosphate and cholesterol, and proteinuria was
apparent in all dogs tested (13/13). The concentration of urine was
consistently in the nil to minimally concentrated range (specific gravities
1.011-1.017). In those dogs necropsied, both kidneys were approximately
two-thirds normal size, tough in consistency, with a pale cortex and a finely
nodular capsular surface. Histologically, there was marked nephron loss,
diffuse interstitial fibrosis and focal dense radial fibrosis which was
especially evident in the renal medulla. Tubular dilation was widespread with
focal mineralisation of tubular epithelium and adjacent basement membranes.
Glomeruli were often shrunken and segmentally fibrotic. Some Bowman's spaces
were extremely dilated. Many less severely affected glomeruli had thickened
basement membranes.
PMID: 2775060, UI: 89373851
----------
Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Anim) 1992 Aug;7(3):244-50
The influence of dietary protein intake on progression of chronic renal
failure
in dogs.
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108.
Publication Types:
Review
Review, tutorial
PMID: 1410857, UI: 93029952
----------
Acta Vet Acad Sci Hung 1982;30(4):171-86
Secondary renal amyloidosis and its consequences in the dog.
PMID: 7187810, UI: 84124724
----------
J Am Vet Med Assoc 1983 Mar 1;182(5):481-5
Juvenile renal disease in Doberman Pinscher dogs.
Renal failure was diagnosed in 22 young Doberman Pinscher dogs. The clinical
findings were anorexia, weight loss, vomiting, lethargy, polydipsia, polyuria,
and dehydration. Laboratory findings were azotemia, hyperphosphatemia,
lymphopenia, nonregenerative anemia, hypercholesterolemia, and proteinuria.
The kidneys were characterized pathologically by glomerular sclerosis, cystic
glomerular atrophy, tubular dilatation, tubular atrophy, mononuclear
interstitial inflammation, interstitial fibrosis, interstitial mineralization,
and hyperplasia of the collecting duct epithelium.
PMID: 6833084, UI: 83160556
----------
J Small Anim Pract 1997 Mar;38(3):115-8
Juvenile nephropathy in a Weimaraner dog.
Department of Pathology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary, Medicine,
University of Ghent, Merelbeke, Belgium.
A case of juvenile nephropathy in a two-year-old Weimaraner bitch is reported.
Although Juvenile nephropathy has been described in several breeds of dogs,
this is the first report in a Weimaraner. Clinical aspects, blood analysis,
renal pathology and extrarenal changes are described. The renal changes
consisted of tubular as well as glomerular lesions, similar to those described
in the miniature schnauzer. The main extrarenal lesion was degeneration and
necrosis of subendocardial myocytes in the left atrial wall associated with an
inflammatory reaction and focal necrotising arteritis.
PMID: 9097243, UI: 97251561
----------
J Am Vet Med Assoc 1993 Jan 1;202(1):107-9
Renal failure attributable to atrophic glomerulopathy in four related
rottweilers.
Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of
Tennessee, Knoxville 37901-1071.
Atrophic glomerulopathy resulting in chronic renal failure was diagnosed in 4
related Rottweilers, each < 1 year old. All 4 dogs had severe azotemia and
massive protein-losing nephropathy. Histologically, the glomerular lesion was
characterized by mild dilatation of Bowman's space, with glomerular tufts
absent or markedly atrophied. The lesion is distinct from the congenital
glomerular changes described in Samoyeds or Doberman Pinschers.
PMID: 8420894, UI: 93131650
----------
Mod Vet Pract 1984 Aug;65(8):633-5
Primary renal disease in a dog.
A 7-month-old Lhasa Apso with a history of polydipsia and vomiting was
depressed, thin and dehydrated. Serum chemistry assays revealed
hyperphosphatemia and azotemia, and urinalysis revealed isosthenuria,
suggesting azotemia of renal origin. Antemortem renal biopsy specimens
contained several sclerotic glomeruli, a few embryonic renal tubules and
interstitial fibrosis, indicating renal dysplasia.
PMID: 6493208, UI: 85036221
----------
Aust Vet J 1985 Apr;62(4):109-12
Familial nephropathy in cocker spaniels.
A clinical diagnosis of chronic renal failure associated with nephron atrophy
and fibrosis was made in 4 blue roan Cocker Spaniels. The lesion was
considered to be the result of a primary glomerulopathy. All dogs were closely related.
The findings were similar to those previously described for renal cortical
hypoplasia. On the basis of the morphological findings and genetic
characteristics, the use of the more appropriate term, familial nephropathy is
encouraged.
PMID: 4026716, UI: 85279169
----------
J Am Vet Med Assoc 1968 Sep 15;153(6):669-88
Renal amyloidosis in the dog.
PMID: 5691345, UI: 68367527
----------
J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990 Aug 15;197(4):483-7
Familial renal amyloidosis in Chinese Shar Pei dogs.
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine,
Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
Renal amyloidosis was diagnosed in 14 young Chinese Shar Pei dogs, all of
which were related. Clinical signs were those of renal failure and included
vomiting, anorexia, lethargy, polydipsia, polyuria, weight loss, and dehydration. Some
dogs had a history of intermittent fever and joint swelling. Laboratory
findings also were compatible with renal failure and included azotemia,
hyperphosphatemia, low total CO2 content in serum, isosthenuria, proteinuria,
and hypercholesterolemia. All dogs had medullary deposition of amyloid, and 9
of 14 (64%) had glomerular involvement. The remaining renal lesions were
typical of end-stage renal disease. In some dogs, amyloid deposits were found
in other tissues (eg, liver, spleen, stomach, small intestine, myocardium,
lymph node, prostate gland, thyroid gland, and pancreas). Amyloid deposits
were sensitive to potassium permanganate oxidation, suggesting the presence of
amyloid protein AA.
PMID: 2211293, UI: 91008604
----------
Vet Rec 1986 Jun 28;118(26):735
Chronic renal failure in young bull terriers.
Publication Types:
Letter
PMID: 3739197, UI: 86291080
----------
Vet Parasitol 1992 Dec;45(1-2):33-47
Pathological changes in kidneys of dogs with natural Leishmania infection.
Department of Animal Health and Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences,
Caceres, Spain.
A study was made of the nephropathy in canine leishmaniasis produced in ten
adult dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum. Renal function
analyses were performed (uraemia, creatinaemia, plasma proteins, biochemistry and
urinary sediment), the humoral immune response (fluorescent antibodies and
levels of serum IgG, IgM and IgA) was assessed and histopathological studies
were carried out. Correlation of the results showed acute renal insufficiency
which was reversible in two animals (endotheliomesangial glomerulonephritis)
and irreversible in four cases corresponding to glomerulonephritis in its Type
I and Type II proliferative forms; extensive increase in the glomerular basal
membrane, proliferation of mesangial cells and growth of the mesangial matrix
were observed, as was a widespread incidence of immune complex deposits. Two
animals showed chronic renal insufficiency. Lack of renal changes
(minimal-changes glomerulonephritis) in two dogs was accounted for in one
animal by an almost complete absence of symptoms and in the other by chronic
viscerocutaneous symptoms; neither showed more than a slight immunoglobulin
response.
PMID: 1485420, UI: 93134777
----------
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Bibliography and Abstracts: Kidney Disease in Dogs
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----------
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