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Mixed deciduous / coniferous forests in mountain areas. Carnivorous; will eat whatever it can catch, but wild boar make up more than half its diet. Other prey includes Sika deer and elk. Solitary ambush hunters, this species uses the dense cover of forest growth, tracking prey through the deep snow. Tigers have been spotted prowling coastal beaches when deep snow forces hungry elk to feed on ocean kelp. Territorial, requiring a large home range: 500-620 square miles. Mating usually restricted to winter months. Gestation about 3.5 months, 3-4 cubs weighing about 2.2 pounds each are born blind, follow female after about 8 weeks, hunt independently by about 18 months, disperse at 2-2.5 years, mature at 3-4 years. Life span about 15 years, longer in captivity. Striped coat disrupts outline of body in dense cover. Massive build with heavily muscled forelimbs and shoulders add strength for capturing large prey. Hindlimbs longer than forelimbs to facilitate jumping. Paws equipped with long, retractile claws to help grab and hold prey. Loose belly skin permits the animal to be kicked by prey with less chance of injury. Eyes in front allow for depth perception and ability to isolate and efficiently capture prey. Rough tongue designed to peel skin of prey animal away and rasp flesh away from bone. ------------- Tigers are the largest cats in the world. They live in temperate forests as well as tropical jungles . There are five different kinds of tigers alive in the world today. These tigers are called Siberian, South China, Indochinese, Bengal, and Sumatran. Tigers are an endangered species; only about 5,000 tigers are left in the wild. Three tiger subspecies, the Bali, Javan, and Caspian tigers have become extinct in the past 70 years. Weight: Siberian tigers are the heaviest subspecies at 500 or more pounds , with males heavier than females. The lightest subspecies is the Sumatran; males weigh about 250 pounds and females around 200 pounds. Measurements: Depending on the subspecies, the head-body length of a tiger is about 41/2 to 9 feet. The length of the tail is 3 to 4 feet. Eyes: Tigers have round pupils and yellow irises (except for the blue eyes of white tigers). Due to a retinal adaptation that reflects light back to the retina, the night vision of tigers is six times better than that of humans. Claws: Like domestic cats, tiger claws are retractable. Stripes: No one knows exactly why tigers are striped, but scientists think that the stripes act as camouflage, and help tigers hide from their prey. The Sumatran tiger has the most stripes of all the tiger subspecies, and the Siberian tiger has the fewest stripes. Tiger stripes are like human fingerprints; no two tigers have the same pattern of stripes. Life span: The life span of tigers in the wild is thought to be about 10 years. Tigers in captivity live twice as long. Cubs: Tiger cubs are born blind and weigh only about 2 to 3 pounds , depending on the subspecies. They live on milk for 6-8 weeks before the female begins taking them to kills to feed. Tigers have fully developed canines by 16 months of age, but they do not begin making their own kills until about 18 months of age. Adult tigers like to live alone. This is partly because in the forest, a single tiger can sneak up and surprise its prey better than a group of tigers can. Tigers mark their territories by spraying bushes and trees with a special mixture of urine and scent gland secretions. They also leave scratch marks on trees. The size of a tiger's territory depends on the amount of food available, and usually ranges from about 10 to 30 square miles. Siberian tigers sometimes have really big territories (as large as 120 square miles). Wild tigers can eat as much as 60 pounds of meat at one time. After eating a lot, they often do not eat again for several days. Tiger territories can overlap. A male tiger's territory usually overlaps those of several female tigers. Tigers can see in the dark six times better than humans can. They can also see in color. The heaviest tiger recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records is a 1,025-pound male Siberian tiger. Young tigers live with their mother until they are two to three years old, then they find their own territories. Most tigers have an orange coat with dark brown or black stripes accented with white. Tigers that live in cold climates (Siberian tigers) have thicker fur than tigers that live in warm climates. A tiger's tail is 3 to 4 feet long, about half as long as its body. Tigers use their tails for balance when they run through fast turns. They also use their tails to communicate with other tigers. Today, wild tigers exist in Asian countries: Eastern Russia, China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India and Nepal.
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