A n i m a l W r i t e s © sm
The
official ANIMAL RIGHTS ONLINE newsletter
Publisher ~ EnglandGal@aol.com
Issue # 10/28/01
Editor ~ JJswans@aol.com
Journalists ~ Park StRanger@aol.com
~
MichelleRivera1@aol.com
~ sbest1@elp.rr.com
THE FIVE ARTICLES IN THIS ISSUE ARE:
1 ~ What Should We Do Now? by John Robbins
2 ~ Living With Handicapped Dogs by
DogAdvocat@aol.com
3 ~ Compassion For Animals Action Symposium
4 ~ Little Cat (To Marmie)
5 ~ Memorable Quote
*´`³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´`*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´³¤³´`*:»³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`´`*:»«:*³¤³´`³¤³´`³¤³´`*:»³¤³´`
~1~
What Should We Do Now?
John Robbins on the events of September 11th
http://www.foodrevolution.org/september11.htm
Something truly terrible and tragic took place on
September 11th, 2001. If I could, by giving my life, somehow prevent that from
having occurred, I would do so in a heartbeat. I know I am not alone in this.
But none of us can undo what has been done. The question, now, is how will we
respond?
Will we experience both our vulnerability and our unity as a nation as never
before? Will we see that even beset by such terrifying death and destruction we
are capable of compassion, courage, heroism, and honor? Or will we do as the
bin Ladens of the world would want us to do, seeking revenge by retaliating
with massive violence in the Middle East, thus providing them with a new
generation of suicidal terrorists, eager to fight against "evil
America" in this "holy war"?
I am no stranger to the desire for revenge. Like President George W. Bush, and
most likely like you, I have felt it surge through me in recent days.
Contemplating what took place on September 11th, are there any among us who
have not, at least momentarily, felt their blood boil with outrage, and with
the demand that these mass murderers and all those behind them pay with eye for
an eye?
But at such times, when our hearts are filled with bloodlust and our eyes look
everywhere for revenge, it is extraordinarily important that we remember the
awesome truth behind Gandhi's prophetic statement: "An eye for an eye will
only make the whole world blind."
This is the very truth that the Osama bin Ladens of the world would want us to
forget.
Bin Laden and his cronies have set a trap for us. It would serve their purposes
perfectly for us to mount indiscriminate and ongoing air attacks on
Afghanistan, killing enormous numbers of innocent people, thus causing fanatics
to flock to their cause. Do you think the civilian population of Afghanistan
would be protected in well prepared underground hideouts? Not likely. But bin
Laden and the Taliban rulers would be. Nothing would please these deranged
psychotics more than for us to kill children in Kabul, thus enabling them to
raise the armies of terror they've always dreamed of. And even if we killed bin
Laden in such a bombing attack, it would only render him a martyr in the eyes of
those whose support he craves. The Osama bin Ladens of the world would like to
see our efforts cause extensive civilian casualties in Afghanistan, because
this would push even moderate Muslims toward hatred of the United States.
There is one thing, though, that the bin Ladens of the world would like even
more than for us to mount a reckless bombing attack on Afghanistan. And that
would be for us to rush headlong into Afghanistan with ground forces in an
effort to control the country, for such an attempt would only demonstrate
before the whole world our impotence and stupidity. Remember that the Soviet
army tried for years, and failed, and they had the advantage of being close at
hand, knowing the terrain, and they had numerous people who spoke the native languages.
You could hardly think of a more effective way to destabilize the peace-loving
Moslem regimes upon whose support the United States now depends. An American
invasion of Afghanistan, for example, could easily ignite a civil war in
Pakistan, with the distinct possibility that Pakistan's government, with its
nuclear arms, would then fall into the hands of extremists supportive of the
Taliban. No American response could better serve the terrorists' evil purposes.
If we are not to fall into the trap set by bin Laden and his cohorts, what,
then, are we to do?
I believe that we must ask the mainstream Islamic world for advice. We must go
to them and ask them what they would have us do. And then we must listen to
them, and deeply.
It is not the strength of our military and our ability to punish that will
enable us to meet this challenge, but the strength of our hearts and our
ability to listen. To form an alliance with peace-loving Muslims, we will have
to understand and take seriously their concerns. This will mean reorienting our
policies in the Middle East - not, of course, to pacify the terrorists (who do
not deserve to be pacified, and could not be in any case), but to bring them to
justice in a way that undermines his purposes and retains the support of
moderate Muslim states. If we lose this support, we play into the hands of the
bin Ladens of the world, and risk world war.
It is critical that we remember that our problem is not with Islam, or with
Muslim people. Osama bin Laden no more represents Islam than the Klu Klux Klan
represents Christianity. Let us indict this man and his cohorts as the mass
murderers they are, and then, along with our Islamic allies, bring them to
world justice. Bin Laden and his compatriots are not only enemies of the United
States. They are enemies of true Islam, and of the entire world community. For
what took place on September 11th was more than a crime against the United
States. It was a crime against humanity. People from 80 nations perished in the
World Trade Center, including hundreds of Muslims.
Domestically, it is crucial in these times that we go out of our way to treat
peace loving Arab Americans with respect and friendship. A group of people in
my local community have made themselves available to Arab Americans, to go with
them shopping if they would like that, or to walk with their children on the
way to school, or to stand by and with them any time that they might feel
unsafe or fear that they might be scapegoated.
As we take steps to reduce the risk of further terrorist attacks, we must
proceed calmly and deliberately, bearing in mind the need not to erode the
liberties and freedoms that are at the core of the American way of life. The
true patriot is not the person who, in the name of anti-terrorism, would target
people because of their race, religion, ethnic background, or appearance. The
real American is the person who would have us uphold the essential principals
of a democratic society. The American dream can be realized only in a world
where liberty and justice prevail for all.
Since the day he took office, President Bush has been withdrawing from almost
every multilateral agreement and international treaty except those that enhance
American profits and power. This is an administration that has snubbed the
world community and disengaged from treaties attempting to deal with global
warming, nuclear disarmament, population control, trafficking in small arms,
chemical and biological weapons, to name just a few. This is an administration
that has defined American self-interest almost without regard for the concerns
of other nations, and sought to ram genetically engineered food and hormone
laden beef down the throats of the rest of the world. But now, suddenly, this
is an administration that desperately needs the help of the world. There are
signs of hope. As a London newspaper recently commented, "Colin Powell, in
a stunning and rare display of humility for an American official, now
acknowledges that in order to fight terrorism effectively the U.S. is going to
have to be more sensitive to the concerns of other cultures."
Might the United States remember in all of this that our national purpose is
greater than pursuing corporate profit, and that we have a deep and paramount
responsibility to the wellbeing of all of the world's peoples? As the president
of the State of the World Forum, Jim Garrison, puts it: "If out of the
present crisis the United States emerges more connected with the rest of the
world, more willing to compromise national sovereignty within the context of
the needs of the larger community of nations, more willing to live
cooperatively within coalitions than outside them, then light will have truly
come from out of the darkness and redemption out of the recesses of hatred and
war. In one of the deepest paradoxes of contemporary history, the present
crisis might compel America to… (realize) no country is an island unique unto
itself…and the only solution to hate is to stop the underlying causes that
produce it, working within the community of nations to achieve goals that
benefit the poor as well as the rich, the south as well as the north, the
developing nations as well as those more advanced. Achieving this, America will
fulfill the deepest yearning of one of its founding fathers, Benjamin Franklin,
who wrote that he believed the real destiny of America would not be about
power; it would be about light."
If we would defeat terrorism then we must not only defeat the individual bin
Laden and his cohorts, but we must also defeat the systemic injustice,
exploitation and cruelty that provides fertile soil for terrorism to flourish.
We must take actions that will lead to a thriving, just, and sustainable world
for all, for this is the only kind of world where terrorism can not take root.
The bitter historical events that came to fruition on September 11th did not
come from nowhere, but developed over decades and even centuries. Likewise the
peace and understanding that we seek, and which alone will make us truly safe,
need be nurtured and cultivated over generations of time.
It is to the planting, nurturing and harvesting of fruits worthy of all that is
good and beautiful in us that we must now, as never before, dedicate our lives.
Because now, as never before, the world needs our wisdom, our cooperation, our
affirmation of the human spirit, and our understanding that all humanity is
connected.
*´`³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´`*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´`³¤³´`*:»³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`´`*:»«:*³¤³´`³¤³´`
~2~
Living With Handicapped Dogs
by DogAdvocat@aol.com
There
are millions of companion animals that die each year because of lack of homes,
and there are thousands that die because of their caretaker's inability to cope
with the animals' physical handicaps. Oftentimes people are so
overwhelmed by the thought of their dog or cat having a handicap that they
euthanize the animal before even seeing if they or the animal can cope.
Certainly living with a handicap is a challenge, but what isn't a challenge in
this life? Following are a few thoughts on living and coping with a
handicapped "pet."
Blindness
There are usually 3 types of blindness in dogs, the type where a dog was born
with this infirmity, the type where the dog became blind because of trauma or
illness, and the type that comes to some dogs as they age. Dogs that are
born blind are probably the easiest to deal with. Their other senses are
usually stronger and they cope quite well. As with any other handicap,
the "owner" has to take some precautions, making sure that the dog
isn't put in a perilous situation, but then even dogs with all 5 senses
shouldn't be put in perilous situations either. The second type of
blindness caused by trauma or illness is probably the hardest to cope with
because it comes on suddenly and takes more adjustment. The third type caused
by the dog aging is a bit easier because the owner still has time to work on
acclimating the pet to the problem.
Several years back my dog and I were faced with the second type of
blindness. Honey was stricken overnight with a luxated lens. This means
that the lens of the eye slips out of place. It is painful and though we
rushed her into the vets, by the time she got there, she was blind. The
eye had to be removed, and since signs showed that the second eye was in
danger, a board certified veterinary ophthalmologist decided it was best to
remove the lens in that eye as well in order to try to save part of her
sight. The operation failed and she is totally blind. It's a
devastating experience to pick up your dog from the vets and find one eye stitched
closed and the other staring blindly, and many people assume that the dog would
be better off dead. Well let me tell you, my Honey has done
marvelously. She surprises me every day.
Fortunately, we had obedience trained her when she was younger, and many of the
commands came in very useful. But we set about learning a few new
ones. Honey knows that the word "careful" means that she is
approaching something that she might bump into. She stops, sniffs the
air, and approaches with caution. If she is in further danger of this
object, my repeated "careful" with more emphasis usually makes her
turn the other way, or at least stand still until I can guide her away or
around the object. Honey knows the word "step" means that she
should slow down and step up or down. Her nose doesn't always tell her
when a step is there, so this helps. We've also found that a constant
noise source, such as a fan or radio helps her to acclimate herself to where
she is and where she wants to go. I have watched her be more confused in
a power failure when the noise source isn't available, so I know that it is of
a help to her. When outside, the noise source from inside the house helps
her to find the door to inside. Any surface that causes a problem, we mark
with a light scent - either a very light perfume, or by rubbing a little cheese
on it (I'm sure that soy cheese would be fine for the vegans reading
this). She never has a problem jumping up and down off of furniture,
though she is a little more cautious jumping down because of course she can't
see the floor. And she has absolutely no problem finding my pillow
<sigh>. There are only 2 times that I have to be extra vigilant for
her and that's when we are away from home, at which time I become her
"seeing-eye dog" and with the use of a leash, she stays closely next
to me, and when she is picked up, sometimes it takes her a moment to acclimate
herself when she is put down on the floor again. All this takes is a
moment of holding her in place while she locates her constant sound
source. She still plays with her toys, and plays with her brother.
We use balls with bells in them or any toy that comes with sound.
Obviously chasing a Frisbee is no longer her cup of tea, but there are so many
other things she likes to do that I doubt she misses the Frisbee much.
When I think that there are some people that would rather destroy their blind
dog than to put out that little extra time and energy to help the dog cope, I
find it really sad and just give Honey an extra hug.
Deafness
This is also a handicap that can come at birth or be caused by age or
trauma/disease. And again training can make the dogs life so much
easier. Those dogs who become deaf later in life are much more likely to
adjust well if the owner had trained at an earlier age with hand signals.
If the dog is deaf from birth, it needs to learn hand signals. The
easiest to cope with is the dog that was trained with hand signals before
deafness occurred. The hardest part of dealing with it would seem to be
getting the dogs attention, but it only takes a bit of thought and some
consistency. This is another time when dogs tend to use their other
senses to a greater degree. Stamping ones foot on the ground, causing a
vibration can often get the dogs attention. Also tossing an object just
in front of the dog (being careful to not hit the dog) is a good visual cue for
the dog to look towards you. Another visual cue is to use a flashlight to
shine on the ground just within the dogs' visual range. Once one has the
dog's attention, then the hand signals work great. "Come" can
be achieved by extending one's right arm in front of one's body and bringing it
inward across to the left side of the chest. "Stay" is best
communicated by placing the right hand up in a "stop sign"
position. With these two hand signals, the dog can be guided to almost
anything one would want to do, because once the dog comes, then a leash can be
snapped on and the "owner" can guide the dog from there. These
same things can be taught to a puppy that is deaf from birth, and they learn it
just as fast as any dog learns any training technique.
Whether a dog is blind or deaf, it is vitally important to make sure that the
dog is never off leash outside the home or in an unfenced area. A deaf dog
will never hear a car coming. And though I believe it is safest if all
dogs were kept on leash in these circumstances, it is even more important when
dealing with a handicapped dog.
Loss of limbs
This is another case where people feel that the quality of a dogs' life is
lessened if a leg has to be amputated. I have seen so many dogs with the
ability to run like lightening on 3 legs that I know this is something where
humans need to get past their own fears of being handicapped, because the dog
has no problem with it. There may be a few times at first when a dog may
fall when acclimating himself to his new method of mobility, but then if you
think about it, puppies fall over a lot when they are first learning to
walk. Granted pups are a bit closer to the ground, but the dog will adapt
and will adapt quite nicely. A couple of years back I had the privilege
of meeting a dog that had both right front and right rear legs amputated, so he
was only able to get around on his left front and rear legs. This dog was
chasing balls, heeling beside his owner, doing everything a dog with 4 legs
could do. It was amazing and inspirational as well. And to think
that he could have missed the balance of a happy life if his owner was less
enlightened.
The Paralyzed Dog
There are usually two types of conditions that cause dogs to become
paralyzed. These are trauma (i.e., those hit by cars) or a genetic
illness. Either way, the condition usually occurs in a short amount of
time. I once had a Dachshund who was required to have back surgery to
remove calcium deposits between the spinal discs. This is a condition
that is frequently seen in long-backed dogs. After the surgery, he could
no longer walk, and would drag his hind end across the floor. Dogs that
suffer trauma are just the same, so both instances would be managed the
same. The first thing to do is depend on the advice and counseling of
ones veterinarian. Some dogs can no longer express their bladders and
this is something the "owner" has to do for them. But with a
little coaching by a vet, it is a process that is easily done by just pressing
on the right spot on the "tummy." The second thing to do is to
invest in a K-9 cart. This is a contraption that enables the dog to
become mobile again. It replaces hind legs with wheels, and the dog is up
and running again. I've seen K-9 cart dogs jogging with their human
companions, and seen these dogs chasing balls. In my opinion, these carts
should go down in history as one of the greatest inventions for dogs. They
can be found on the web by going this site ~~ K9 Cart Company
http://www.mri.jhu.edu/%7Edara/k9cart.html
COPING
The one that has the hardest time coping is the "pet owner."
Finding out that one's beloved companion animal is handicapped or about to be
can be traumatic. But the "owner" has to realize that it isn't
the dog being traumatized, it is the "owners" feelings that are
getting in the way of living successfully with that handicap. When
thought of as just another part of training, it is dwarfed by all the training
that went into dealing with typical puppy nonsense when the dog first came into
the family. Yes, there may be a need to shed a few tears at first, but
realize that a dog can have a happy, loving, quality life even with a
handicap. My handicapped dogs sure enjoy their lives, and I wouldn't
trade them for the world.
** For anyone dealing with a handicap or a potential handicap, and would like
further help, please feel free to e-mail me at DogAdvocat@aol.com
Postscript: This article ran in Animal Writes a few years ago, and
has appeared on the websites of several humane organizations, and I've received
quite a bit of mail from people facing their own problems with handicapped
dogs. My thanks goes to Animal Rights Online for allowing me to repost it
in memory of my blind dog, Honey, who passed over to Rainbow Bridge this week,
taking a very large piece of my heart with her. Because of the experience
that Honey gave me in caring for a blind dog, and Animal Rights Online's
kindness in giving me a forum for this article, I believe that other dogs (and
cats) have been given the opportunity to prove the joys of giving one's heart,
time, and a home to a handicapped animal. I only have one thing to add,
and that's that every loss of a companion animal rips at our hearts, but the
loss of a handicapped or special needs dog (or cat) is especially painful
because of that special bond one makes with an animal that needs so much extra
attention and care. There is such a large hole in the day caused by the
fact that I no longer guide her past obstacles, or let her know when she needs
to take a step up or down. I'd become so accustomed to seeing the world
from her perspective that I feel at a loss now.
So be aware that if you give your heart to a handicapped dog, your bond will be
exceedingly tight, leaving you at loose ends when the time comes to part.
There will never be another Honey, but maybe, just maybe, those loose ends need
to be tied to another handicapped dog in need. Que sera, sera.
*´`³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´`*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´`³¤³´`*:»³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`´`*:»«:*³¤³´`³¤³´`
~3~
Compassion For Animals Action
Symposium
Presented By:
VEGETARIAN EVENTS
FEBRUARY 22-24, 2002
SHERATON GAINESVILLE HOTEL
GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA
Join us in this beautiful Gainesville setting to gain a greater understanding
of a compassionate lifestyle and the plight of all sentient beings. Raise your
awareness and take it back to your community.
MAKE A DIFFERENCE!
*Hear experts in Vegan Nutrition, Animal Ethics and Environmental Issues
*Participate in Panel Discussions
*Enjoy Great Vegan Meals, Morning Exercise Classes, Exhibit Hall
*Network with Like-Minded Individuals & Form Friendships that will last a
Lifetime!
Speakers
(SCHEDULED THUS FAR)
Don Barnes, Animal Protection Institute (former animal researcher)
Lorri Bauston, Farm Sanctuary (farmed animal activist)
George Eisman, Vegan Nutritionist, Author, "The Most Noble Diet"
Bruce Friedrich, PETA (vegetarian activism)
Jim Mason, Author, "An Unnatural Order" and co-author of "Animal
Factories"
Ric O’Barry, World Society for the Protection of Animals, Author, "To Free
a Dolphin"
Wayne Pacelle, HSUS (political activism for animals)
Myriam Parham, Florida Voices for Animals (vegan nutrition)
Heidi Prescott, Fund for Animals (hunting issues)
Carey Theil, Grey2K USA (greyhound advocacy)
Invited: Jeff Novick, Pritikin Longevity Center, Director of Nutrition
Steve Hindi, SHARK (animals in entertainment, hunting issues)
Questions? Contact Event Coordinator: Chas Chiodo @ 904-454-4341
chasmo@netcommander.com
www.vegetarianevents.com
FOR BEST RATES, REGISTER EARLY
Symposium
Information
From the Friday reception to our Sunday departure the Action Symposium will
engage your mind & restore your spirits. Come to this event to
learn from the past and begin to create a more peaceful world.
Symposium
Schedule:
Friday, February 22: 3-10 pm registration, 7-10 pm reception. Register early so
you can meet other attendees and enjoy music & refreshments.
Saturday, February 23: Lecture Series in the am, Lectures and Panel Discussions
in the pm.
Sunday, February 24: Lecture Series in the am, Lectures and Panel Discussions
in the pm.
Talk one on one with experts of the animal rights and vegetarian movements.
Learn how to effectively organize outreach/community education programs and
conduct classroom/community presentations. Increase your knowledge in animal
ethics, human health and environmental issues.
Housing:
Stay on-site to take advantage of the special $69/ night (available until Jan.
22) Sheraton Symposium room rate (up to 4 people/room). For reservations call
the Sheraton, 2900 SW 13th St., Gainesville, FL 32608 @ 352-377-4000. Call or
Email Chas at 904-454-4341, chasmo@netcommander.com for off-site
accommodations, including companion animal-friendly hotels/motels and camping
options.
Meals:
Symposium Meals will be Vegan. Individual meals can be purchased (see below).
There are many vegan-friendly restaurants within 3 miles of the Sheraton.
Carpools can be arranged.
How Do I Pay?
Only Checks & Money orders will be accepted.
Make payable to Vegetarian Events and mail to: PO Box 1057, Alachua, FL 32616
Number
in Party:______
Name:______________________________________________________________
Address: ___________________________________________________________________
Phone # Day:____________________________________Eve:______________________
E-Mail___________________________________________________________
List
additional names w/ phone numbers & addresses on separate sheet of paper.
Meals provided ONLY w/reservations postmarked by Feb 8!
Register early for best rates; space is limited.
Please reserve:
____ @$85 Full Symposium w/5 meals postmarked by Dec. 8 ____@$35 Full Symp. No
Meals by Dec. 8
____ @$90 Full Symposium w/5 meals postmarked by Jan. 5 ____@$40 Full Symp. No
Meals by Jan. 5
____ @$95 Full Symposium w/5 meals postmarked by Feb. 8 ____@$45 Full Symp. No
Meals by Feb. 8
____ @$50 Full Symposium w/ NO meals after Feb. 8
____ @$25 Saturday Only (Meals Extra) ____Breakfast ____Lunch ____Dinner (rates
below)
____ @$25 Sunday Only (Meals Extra) ____Breakfast ____Lunch (rates below)
____ @$65 Student w/ I.D. Full Symposium w/5 meals postmarked by Dec. 8
____ @$70 Student w/ I.D. Full Symposium w/5 meals postmarked by Jan. 5
____@$15 Std. w/I.D. Full Symp No Meals by Jan. 5
____ @$75 Student w/ I.D. Full symposium w/5 meals postmarked by Feb. 8 ____@$20
Std. w/I.D. Full Symp. No Meals by Feb. 8
____ @$30 Student w/ I.D. Full Symposium w/ NO meals after Feb. 8
____ @$15 Student w/ I.D. Saturday Only (Meals Extra) ____Breakfast ____Lunch
____Dinner (rates below)
____ @$15 Student w/ I.D. Sunday Only (Meals Extra) ____Breakfast ____Lunch
(rates below)
Individual Meals per day, Breakfast $8. Lunch $12. Saturday Dinner $14.
Total______
Please
Note: A limited number of discounts for volunteers are available. Call
Vegetarian Events at: 904-454-4341
*´`³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´`*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´`³¤³´`*:»³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`´`*:»«:*³¤³´`³¤³´`
~4~
Little Cat (To Marmie)
[January 1976 - December 4, 1993]
Copyright 1993, MJ Falango
I said goodbye to you today, little cat.
Fingers caught on bones when I stroked your fur.
You could scarcely raise your head to drink,
yet still you calmed me with your purr.
Were you comfortable curled on the rug?
And did you know your time drew near?
Your wide green eyes held gentle love,
and quiet pain, but showed no fear.
You slipped away so quietly
that we weren't sure that you were gone.
Our bouncy little cat is stilled
but your spirit lingers on.
Little ghostcat, where are you?
Are you happy, are you strong?
I feel your warmth, your life, your love
and still can hear your purring song.
*´`³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´`*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´`³¤³´`*:»³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`´`*:»«:*³¤³´`³¤³´`
~5~
Memorable Quote
"My prayer is that what we have gone through
[World War One] will startle the world into some new realization of the
sanctity of life, animal as well as human."
~ Christopher Morley (1890-1957)
«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»
Susan Roghair - EnglandGal@aol.com
Animal Rights Online
P O Box 7053
Tampa, Fl 33673-7053
http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/1395/
-=Animal Rights Online=-
&
Advisory Board Member, Animal Rights Network Inc.,
not-for-profit publisher of The Animals' Agenda Magazine
http://www.animalsagenda.org/
The Animals' Agenda Magazine: WebEdition
«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»
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