A n i m a l   W r i t e s © sm
                                        
The official ANIMAL RIGHTS ONLINE newsletter
  

   
Publisher   ~ EnglandGal@aol.com                                        Issue # 01/24/01
        Editor    ~ JJswans@aol.com
    Journalists ~ Park StRanger@aol.com
                     ~ MicheleARivera@aol.com
                     ~
SavingLife@aol.com

    THE NINE ARTICLES IN THIS ISSUE ARE:
  
    1  ~ Raised In Fear  by Scott Lustig
    2  ~
Everyday Activism  by KMBWolf@aol.com
    3  ~
Animal Rights 2001 Registration Opens
    4  ~
Lemsip Laboratory Chimpanzees Retired to a Sanctuary
    5  ~
State & Federal Authorities Unwilling To Enforce Animal Protection Laws
    6
  ~ USDA Seeks Comments on Regulating Hunting, Breeding, & Security Dog Dealers
    7  ~ Homeless Dogs in Chile  by Gerald Hendricks
    8  ~ The Dedication  by WantNoMeat@aol.com
    9  ~ Quote To Remember

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Raised in Fear
by Scott Lustig

For more than 30 years at the State University of New York (SUNY) Health Science Center in Brooklyn, Professor Leonard Rosenblum has been tearing baby monkeys away from their mothers to study the effects of maternal deprivation on the development of panic and other anxiety disorders in children, and to investigate the workings of these disorders. But 50 years of research from clinical (human) studies have already demonstrated that children raised in stressful conditions and denied their mother's attention are more likely to develop anxiety disorders in later life. Still, the monkey experiments continue at huge public expense. Since 1990, Rosenblum has collected more than $2.5 million in taxpayers' money, mostly in the form of National Institutes of Health grants.

In his most common experiments on monkey “models,” Rosenblum forces macaque mothers and infants to live with unpredictable access to food. At first, the mothers find food easily. Then, the food is hidden and dispersed, making it hard to gather. The mother monkeys must repeatedly endure this alternating access. Unable to feed their infants regularly, the mothers suffer constant anxiety. The babies, deprived of their mothers, become isolated and withdrawn. These normally playful and curious infants sit hunched over, crying, shaking, and clasping themselves. When the infants' mother returns, they cling to her desperately, never knowing when she will unpredictably be forced away from them again.

MENTAL MADNESS
Rosenblum's experiments began in the 1960s when it was thought that monkey experimentation would shed light on the association between maternal deprivation and psychological distress in humans, first identified by researchers in the 1940s and ’50s. Since then, infant monkeys have been subjected to numerous cruelties in the name of "research," all varying in the nature of the deprivation and isolation forced upon them. Infant monkeys have been given artificial "puppet" mothers that are manipulated by researchers. In some experiments, the puppets’ body temperatures are made ice cold, preventing the infants from clinging to them. Other artificial "mothers" have been constructed of sandpaper or other uncomfortable materials, and some mechanical "mothers" even dislodged the clinging infants with hidden spikes, catapults, compressed air, or vigorous shaking.

Researchers have also placed mother-deprived infants with a series of foster mothers, preventing the infant monkeys from ever experiencing any real bonding or maternal care.  In one of the most egregious of maternal deprivation experiments, during the early 1970s, the University of Wisconsin's Harry Harlow confined infant monkeys alone for weeks in metal isolation chambers. Harlow himself referred to these chambers as "a modified form of sadism."

At Emory University in Georgia, Charles Nemeroff, Paul Plotsky, Charlotte Ladd, and others are studying the mechanisms of certain brain chemicals involved in producing the distress reaction to maternal deprivation. These experiments have included subjecting monkeys to the same model of
unpredictable food access "perfected" by Rosenblum. At the University of Wisconsin, Gary Kraemer deprives female infant marmoset monkeys of maternal attention in order to study the neurochemical reasons why girls who are raised abusively and neglectfully tend to become abusive and neglectful themselves as mothers.

CONFLICT AND INCONSISTENCY
Animal advocates and a growing number of scientists have criticized such experiments. According to Stephen Suomi, Ph.D, a maternal deprivation researcher at the National Institute for Child Health and Development, "Most monkey data...have only verified principles that have already been formulated from previous human data. To date the monkey data have added little to knowledge of mother-infant interactions." Murry Cohen, M.D., a psychiatrist and director of the Medical Research Modernization Committee, says that "Rosenblum knows that the diagnostic symptoms of panic disorder (e.g., palpitations, sensation of respiratory distress, feeling of choking, chest pain...feeling of loss of control, fear of dying, numbness) simply cannot be assessed in monkeys because these symptoms must be subjectively experienced and reported by the patient rather than observed by the clinician. The diagnosis, then, cannot, by definition, be given to non-human primates."

Among Cohen's other arguments are that monkeys differ in reactions to maternal deprivation depending on their species, making it impossible to determine which species is the closest “model” for humans. Moreover, Cohen argues that in addition to the stress they suffer from deprivation experiments, the monkeys suffer further from the injections, restraining jackets, and other devices and tests they are forced to undergo. Laboratory stressors such as transport and handling, artificial lighting, caging, noise levels, and chemical sterilizers also influence the monkeys' behavior and physiology, distorting the research results.

The gamut of maternal deprivation experiments, including Rosenblum’s, are fraught with conflicting and inconsistent data, according to Martin Stephens, Ph.D., vice president for animal research issues at The Humane Society of the United States. Stephens writes in a critique that in the majority of experiments, the monkeys' responses have contrasted widely with what the researchers had expected based upon information from previous experiments. He stated, “Skepticism of animal models should remain firm. First, experiments have had very little clinical impact.  Second, they siphon money away from acceptable research on the human condition.  Third, they subject animals to harsh treatment.”  Neal Barnard, M.D., a psychiatrist and president of Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, agrees. “The time is long past when such experiments, which cause considerable distress in animals, are tolerable,” he says. "These vaguely rationalized and obviously distressing experiments should not have been done."

Even Rosenblum himself has cast doubt on his research, writing in *a 1995 issue of Psychiatric Clinics of North America, "Because of limitations imposed on the interpretation of behaviors observed in nonverbal primate subjects, extrapolations of primate findings to human panic and anxiety should be made with caution." The British medical journal The Lancet stated succinctly in October 1998 that "animal models of anxiety cannot substitute for clinical [human] studies."

MONEY WASTED, NEEDS UNMET
Currently, 16 million Americans suffer from panic and other anxiety disorders. Thankfully, many are getting help through therapy and medication -- treatments developed through clinical studies. But while Rosenblum's research continues to attract large amounts of funding, the needs of many human patients go unmet. Even though one of the stated purposes of Rosenblum's research is to help children suffering from anxiety disorders, the New York Times reported last December that nearly 400 severely mentally ill children in New York are on waiting lists to enter residential treatment facilities, "but cannot be admitted because the existing facilities are filled to capacity. They are languishing in hospitals, foster care, or jail."

Funding shortages also hamper the provision of clinical treatment services such as outpatient therapy, medication, mobile crisis teams, and day treatment -- all increasing the risk that children with anxiety disorders will experience suicide, school violence, juvenile crime, and family breakup.

Criticism of animal models is further justified by the availability of technologies in brain imaging, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), which are providing more accurate data on human brain processes. As the mental disorders research community has become more familiar with the usefulness of these devices, it has become more outspoken in admitting to the weakness of animal models, while at the same time advocating for further study into the potential of other non-animal research tools. According to an editorial in the May 1999 issue of the American Journal of Psychiatry, "From reliance on animal models of psychopathology with all of their shortcomings, the field has evolved to the use of multidisciplinary techniques, of which functional brain imaging represents one of the most promising."

The SUNY Health Science Center would do much more to honor its "commitment to confront the health problems of urban communities," as expressed in its mission statement, by terminating Rosenblum's studies and further directing its resources and expertise to current human mental health needs.  Then, the macaque infants and mothers who have spent so much of their lives in small, desolate cages can gain their freedom, and the medical and governmental bodies charged with responding to human needs can better promote public health.

Law student Scott Lustig works as a case manager for people with developmental disabilities, and also is a co-leader with Urban Action Engine, Inc. in a campaign against psychological experiments on monkeys at SUNY.

  Your Agenda:
  Contact Dr. John C. LaRosa, President,
    SUNY Health Science Center,
      450 Clarkson Ave.,
    Brooklyn, NY 11203;
    (718) 270-2611; fax: (718) 270-4732;

    and
    John W. Ryan, Chancellor,
    State University of New York,
    SUNY Plaza,
    Albany, NY 12246;
    (518) 443-5157.

Tell them to end Rosenblum's cruel and wasteful experiments and direct the resources of SUNY's Health Science Center to services for and research with human anxiety disorder patients.

To read the abstracts to Rosenblum's studies online, visit Medline at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Pubmed.  To read the abstracts to Rosenblum's studies, use the Medline database on the National Library of Medicine site at www.nlm.nih.gov.  Cohen's critique is available at  www.mrmcmed.org.  

   “Reprinted with permission from The Animals’ Agenda, P.O. Box 25881,
   Baltimore, MD 21224; (410) 675-4566; www.animalsagenda.org.”
   Email: office@animalsagenda.org  

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Everyday Activism
by KMBWolf@aol.com - staff writer

Want to help animals, but have limited time?  Feel bad that you can't volunteer at your local shelter or protest at the nearest Macy's?  Fret not, my friend, for there are small simple things you can do each day that will change the lives of millions!

~~ When you get mail from organizations that claim to help animals, but actually help to kill others (like local kill shelters and places like WWF and NWF), take those cards that ask for your donation and write "No Money Until You Stop The Killing" and mail it. You won't have to pay for postage because most organizations give you envelopes with postage paid already.  That's $0.34 that won't go to animal suffering!

~~ Teach a fact about animal rights to a neighbor, friend, family member, or coworker a day.  Don't come across strongly, and do not break into an argument. Even if the person says that you are wrong or crazy, rest assured that your thought is in their mind, and might change their way of thinking.

~~ Go vegan! With each dairy, meat, egg, and animal product subtracted from your menu, lives are saved. Tell others why you are not eating "the norm."

~~ Post no-kill shelter phone numbers on bulletin boards. There is always someone looking for a companion.

~~ Become the human billboard. Wear buttons with animal rights messages.  Wear hats with logos of animal friendly companies.

~~ Buy smart. Shop only cruelty free. With a more and more companies opposed to animal testing, the choices become easier to the compassionate shopper.

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Animal Rights 2001 Registration Opens
from FARM - campaigns@farmusa.org

We are pleased to announce that registration for Animal Rights 2001, the first national conference of the new millennium, is now open.

The early registration fee for this five-day event has been reduced to only $100 until February 15. Low-income discounts and work scholarships are available as well. For on-line or mail registration and additional information, visit http://www.AnimalRights2001.org

Animal Rights 2001 will be held on the same dates (June 30-July 4) and in the same venue (Mclean, VA, Hilton) as the highly successful Animal Rights 2000 conference.  Room rates in our special block are still only $85 double and $95 triple/quad.

We are planning a superb program that provides for extensive networking and for sharing about our progress and prospects and improved organizing and outreach techniques. There will be five plenary sessions, 75 workshops, 50 campaign reports, and 12 'rap' sessions. Other functions include 80 exhibits, 70 videos, group workouts, Newcomer Orientation, Affinity Meetings, Employment Clearinghouse, banquet and receptions, US Animal Rights Hall of Fame, celebrity awards, and Lobby Day. 

The outstanding speakers roster includes: Carol Adams, Sara Amundson, the Baustons, Lawrence Carter-Long, Murry Cohen, Robert Cohen, Joyce D'Silva (UK), Karen Davis, Gail Eisnitz, Bruce Friedrich, Mark Glover (UK), J.P. Goodwin, Holly Hazard, Alex Hershaft, Steve Hindi, Elliot Katz, Patrick
Kwan, James LaVeck, Howard Lyman, Mike Markarian, Robert Nixon, Jack Norris, Wayne Pacelle, Alex Pacheco, Heidi Prescott, Tom Regan, Craig Rosebraugh, Ken Shapiro, Michelle Thew (UK), Cres Vellucci, Zoe Weil, Steven Wise, David Wolfson, and 80 more.

We look forward to seeing every one of you at the first conference of the Animal Liberation Millennium.  

Alex Hershaft, National Chair; Norbert Banholzer, Registrar.

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Lemsip Laboratory Chimpanzees
Retired to a Sanctuary

from Linda J. Howard - lindajhoward@earthlink.net

December 14, 2000 ~ Contact: Carol Asvestas, Tel: 210-269-1198 / 210-688-9038  E-Mail WAO@stic.net

San Antonio, TX.  The National Sanctuary for Retired Research Primates is pleased to announce the arrival today of eight chimpanzees. These individuals are the last of the "stow-aways" from New York University's Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Surgery in Primates [LEMSIP.]

Earlier this fall, National Sanctuary for Retired Research Primates welcomed Late, Conrad, Pammy, Tina, Samantha, Kayla, Katherine and Katina who were formerly at LEMSIP.

"These 16 chimpanzees were slated to go to The Coulston Foundation if a sanctuary home could not be found, which makes us all even more thankful that their new permanent home is here," stated Michelle Reiniger, NSRRP's Assistant Director of Animal Care.

New Iberia housed the 15 adult chimpanzees and Katina, a three-year old youngster, for New York University when LEMSIP closed during the interim while they were seeking placement for the chimps in a sanctuary. 

NYU funded construction of the spacious, indoor/outdoor, chimpanzee-friendly enclosure at NSRRP, and also sent the University's experienced lead veterinarian and chief caretaker with the chimpanzees to assist with socializing them.

Along with Dr. James Mahoney, Dr. Dana Hassleschwart and Danny Boutte will stay with the chimps as long as necessary to assure successful assimilation as a social group.

Since its opening in November 1998, NSRRP has accepted over 300 monkeys and 24 chimpanzees from within the research community. NSRRP is the only bio-safety level two sanctuary in the US and was the first sanctuary in the United States to house HIV infected chimpanzees.

NSRRP is a non-profit permanent sanctuary, dedicated to giving quality lifetime care to retired research primates.  It is the mission of NSRRP to provide sanctuary to the increasing overflow of primates in need of retirement from research. NSRRP accepts primates who cannot be placed in other facilities,
whose only alternative is euthanasia or reintroduction into research.

For more information, please visit our website
http://www.primatesanctuarynsrrp.org/

Please Note: NSRRP is a division of The Wild Animal Orphanage

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State & Federal Authorities Unwilling
To Enforce Animal Protection Laws
from In Defense of Animals - ida@idausa.org

JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. - On October 24, deputies from the Lawrence County Sheriff's Department and the Humane Society of Missouri raided the dog kennel owned and operated by Randy and Linda Daugherty - licensed by the USDA and the Missouri Department of Agriculture - and discovered 6 dead dogs and 88 others starving and injured in squalid living conditions.

To further illustrate the severe negligence by both state and federal officials responsible for inspections at commercial pet producing facilities - commonly referred to as "puppy mills" - Mike Gochnauer, also of Missouri, was finally charged with over 30 violations by USDA officials, two years after In Defense of Animals (IDA) assisted the media in a televised expose of conditions at his licensed facility.

"USDA and Missouri Department of Agriculture policies favor the economic vitality of puppy mills rather than the welfare of the animals, as the statutes mandate," said Marshall Smith, Director of Investigations for IDA and a former USDA investigator.  "In the Daugherty case, despite the extreme conditions in which the dogs were discovered, USDA officials have commented that the Daugherty's kennel will remain federally licensed unless they are convicted of violations of the federal Animal Welfare Act."

USDA policies favor local interventions in theses situations.  However, the organizations relied on by USDA are mostly non-profit and exist on donations.  These institutions, such as the Humane Society of Missouri, struggle to find economic resources.  In the Daugherty case, rescued dogs had to be transported to an intensive care veterinary unit over four hours away, stretching limited resources even thinner.

"In spite of intense media attention, USDA failed to take appropriate enforcement of the Animal Welfare Act in the Gochnauer case. News footage that was taken from a county road clearly revealed the inhumane conditions at the kennel as well as Gochnauer firing a shotgun at me and a television crew," said Smith.  "In the two years since conditions were broadcast to the public, USDA has finally filed a complaint against Gochnauer. Unfortunately, once a complaint has been filed, cases can still take over two years before they are resolved.  In the meantime, Gochnauer may still be allowed to market puppies and house breeding animals in a manner that violates federal regulations."

IDA is currently leading a national boycott of Petland - one of the country's largest pet store chains that sell puppies and kittens - and is supporting demonstrations and other activities directed toward other like-minded pet stores.  IDA is also encouraging stores to work with local pounds, shelters and rescue groups to place adoptable animals in loving homes.

Contact:  Marshall Smith (573) 636-9291

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USDA Seeks Comments on Regulating
Hunting, Breeding, & Security Dog Dealers

WASHINGTON, Dec. 1, 2000 -- The U.S. Department of Agriculture proposes to amend Animal Welfare Act regulations by including wholesale dealers of hunting, breeding, and security dogs.

"Currently, commercial dealers of hunting, breeding, and security dogs are only covered by policy.  We are proposing to include those dealers that wholesale these animals under our regulations.  This will allow us to better ensure that the standards of care provided in the AWA are being met," said W. Ron DeHaven, deputy administrator for animal care with the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, a part of USDA's marketing and regulatory programs mission area.

Notice of this action is scheduled for publication in the Dec. 4 Federal Register.  APHIS documents published in the Federal Register, and related information, including the names of organizations and individuals who have commented on APHIS dockets, are available on the Internet at

http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppd/rad/webrepor.html

Consideration will be given to comments received on or before Feb. 2, 2001.  Please send an original and three copies to Docket No. 99-087-1, Regulatory Analysis and Development, PPD, APHIS, Suite 3CO3, 4700 River Road, Unit 118, Riverdale, Md. 20737-1238.

Comments received may be reviewed at USDA, Room 1141, South Building, 14th Street and Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C., between 8 a.m. and 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, except holidays.  Persons wishing to review comments are requested to call ahead on (202) 690-2817 to facilitate entry into the comment reading room.

[Editors Note:  The breeders are making themselves heard, let's make sure the animals' voice is heard as well.  Let the USDA know what you think.]

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Homeless Dogs in Chile
by Gerald Hendricks - fine_dogs@prodigy.net

I am concerned about the welfare of the dogs and cats in Chile.  I was visiting a year ago and it was so painful to see the starvation of all these poor animals on the streets.

In a country where there is no leash law, many animals roam on the streets looking for food in trash cans and sleeping rough on the streets. Many of them are hit by cars. Fortunately there is a local Humane Society there, which is a private non profit organization, whose funds are realized entirely
through donations and fund raising projects.

The local council provides the grounds but are unable due to financial constraints to provide the necessary funds to build a proper shelter or for the basic maintenance, such as veterinary services and feeding, or a vehicle for transportation of stray animals and use as an ambulance.  In Villa Alemana for example, a medium sized town in central Chile, where the average income is no greater than $200 a month and above average unemployment. The hundred members, most of them out of work are only able to give their love and undivided attention to these animals who live   overcrowded in cramped conditions. Although most of them work hard in maintaining the place, clean and provide the animals with food to the best of their abilities. They are unable to build a large all weather shelter, which is badly needed to house the hundreds and even thousands of animals roaming the streets. Most of them come in with diseases.

The president of this organization, Mrs Silvia Gomez, is in bad need for support to provide these animals with the necessary care and attention. An example. $2 would supply 1/2 kilo of cat food, $5 would pay for all shots for 1 dog, $10 would pay for veterinary fees for neutering or spaying.  

Please contact Pamela Hendricks (fine_dogs@prodigy.net) for further information.

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The Dedication
by WantNoMeat@aol.com

To all those beasts I dedicate
for you possess not one evil trait
for all those who have died
to live in peace you have tried

There is more to you then your taste
your living worth turned to waste
I can't eat you anymore
If only I could erase before

Born to a world without mercy
compassion you don't get to see
You suffer our human greed
disregarding your every need

I pity our blind mankind
compassion left us behind
Unable to make a stand
you die by our bloody hand

Subjected to our brutal reign
billions a year are slain
only to die you were born
few of us will ever mourn

Your blood is so easily shed
to your death you were led
rancid smell of your own death
as you took your final breath

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Quote To Remember

"While we ourselves are the living graves of murdered beasts, how can we expect any ideal conditions on this earth?"
                                                                    ~~George Bernard Shaw
 

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Susan Roghair - EnglandGal@aol.com
   Animal Rights Online
P O Box 7053
    Tampa, Fl 33673-7053
   http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/1395/

   
-=Animal Rights Online=- 
  
&
Advisory Board Member, Animal Rights Network Inc.,
not-for-profit publisher of The Animals' Agenda Magazine
http://www.animalsagenda.org/
The Animals' Agenda Magazine: WebEdition
  
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