A n i m a l   W r i t e s © sm
                                        
The official ANIMAL RIGHTS ONLINE newsletter
  

   
Publisher   ~ EnglandGal@aol.com                                         Issue # 01/14/01
        Editor    ~ JJswans@aol.com
    Journalists ~ Park StRanger@aol.com
                     ~ MicheleARivera@aol.com
                     ~
SavingLife@aol.com

    THE SEVEN ARTICLES IN THIS ISSUE ARE:
  
    1  ~ Winterizing Yourself For Your Animals  by KMBWolf@aol.com
    2  ~
A Conversation With a Sentient Being  by MicheleARivera@aol.com
    3  ~
Mad Cow USA
    4  ~
Tatters in the Big Top  by Marianne Merritt
    5  ~
Job Opportunity
    6
  ~ Disassembly Line  by lisa holt - tryng2bme@aol.com
    7  ~ Quote To Remember
  

       *´`³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´`*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´³¤³´`*:»³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`´`*:»«:*³¤³´`³¤³´`³¤³´`*:»³¤³´`
Winterizing Yourself For Your Animals
by KMBWolf@aol.com - staff writer

Brrr!  It's that time of year again. Time to bring out the shovels and store away the rakes. Snow is here to stay for the next few months, and we have to make sure we are prepared -- for ourselves and our animals.

To help you out for the wintery season, here are a few tips to keep you and your animals safe:

* Store that antifreeze up high -- Antifreeze tastes great to animals. Unfortunately they won't live to get a second helping. Antifreeze is deadly poisonous, so keep it stored tightly and way up out of animals' reach. Clean up spills quickly. Use antifreeze made with propylene glycol, like Sierra, instead of ethylene glycol.

* Rock salt warning -- The salt used to melt ice wears away ice -- and your pup's paws! The chemicals in the salt can really hurt dog's paws. Get your dog some "mittens," boots for dogs. Make sure when your walk is over, Fido's paws, and the rest of his body, are wiped clean of any salt. Even licking the salt off can be harmful. This goes for cats as well.

* Bring your animals inside -- Your animals should always be inside, but if your animals are outsiders, bring them in. The cold can be too much for them, and pesky kids throwing ice-balls don't add to the pleasure. Snow can also help animals get lost easier. Everything looks the same to them in the snow, and animals lose their scents in the snow and ice. Winter has the highest lost animal count of all the seasons.

* Bang your car! -- Cats often hide in cars near engines where its nice and warm. They can be severely injured and even killed when the car is started. Bang on your hood to scare the cat from harm.

* Get a doghouse -- If you must have your dog outside, give your dog a proper shelter. Wood or plastic doghouses are better. Don't use a metal one (would you stick your tongue on a metal pole in winter?) Place the house in the sun, and raise it off the ground a few inches. Make sure a flap is on the door to keep winds out. Use hay or straw for bedding. Cloth and blankets get wet with snow brought in by Rover.

* Feed more -- Give your animals more food during the cold winter. Since they burn more calories to keep warm, they'll need all the food they can get!

* Help thy neighbor -- If you have a neighbor dog that is kept outside, get him/her a dogloo or other doghouse to keep warm. If you notice neglect, or if the dog is kept in horrid conditions, call your local SPCA to help.

* Leave them home! -- Never ever ever leave your animal in the car. Just as the blistering heat of summer can kill animals in cars, freezing temperatures can easily send animals into hypothermia, even death. Never leave your pet in the running car. They are more susceptible to fumes than humans. Keep your animals home. 
  

*´`³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´`*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´`³¤³´`*:»³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`´`*:»«:*³¤³´`³¤³´`
A Conversation With a Sentient Being
by MicheleARivera@aol.com

I asked the Animal Rights Foundation of Florida (ARFF) recently for a contact in my area who would be a good person to ask about the psychology behind cruelty to animals and the link to cruelty towards people.  That's the nice thing about belonging to an animal rights group, there is always a way to find just the right person we need no matter how far we travel from home.  Once, when my friend's son was traveling across the country, he got in a little trouble with the law.  A call to the Animal Legal Defense Fund provided me with the name of a good lawyer in that town who was oriented to animal rights.  Nice that we can find one of our own whenever we need to, anytime, any place.

I wanted to meet a psychologist with an orientation towards animal rights because I am planning a First Strike workshop in Palm Beach County. For those who are unaware of this crucial campaign, it is a Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) effort to teach law enforcement, social workers, judiciary and anyone else who has an interest in the concurrence between animal violence and human violence.  When you have a First Strike workshop in your area, you bring these professionals together for the purpose of learning together just how important it is for us as a society to take cruelty to animals very seriously.  My First Strike workshop will be held in November, and I am working hard to bring together just the right combination of people.  It's a big effort, but in the end, well worth the effort for the animals. It is a labor of love, of course.  I would like to report on the progress of the planning of this workshop from time to time to ARO readers, as I would hope to encourage others to plan one as well. For information go to www.hsus.org and click on First Strike.  Dr. Randall Lockwood, Ph.D, HSUS is coming to speak at the one I am planning.  He's the one who put forward the Tangled Web of Violence, a report that he did with the FBI. 

So, sadly, even though I met a wonderful psychologist here in Palm Beach County, I will be asking him to attend as an attendee not a speaker, but what Dr. Halpern had to say during our conversations was so important, I wanted to share them just the same.

Dr. Halpern believes that respect for others' feelings, respect for life, and compassion are attributes that we must be taught. They are not something that humans are naturally born with. It is the responsibility of our parents and community to show sensitivity and caring values through actions and role modeling.  Children always seek out role models and will pick whoever is readily available, and imitate behaviors they witness. The role models they pick are not always the ones we want for them.

Our schools do not have curricula on compassion and responsibility. Yet, we expect our kids to behave in responsible, nonviolent ways.

Animal neglect and abuse is an extension of our lack of sensitivity to the feelings of those different from ourselves. It is no different from racism, sexism, ageism, or nationalism. We objectify the animal, and use it without realizing how it feels. All studies show that animals feel profound pain, and have a deep desire to live. The more we treat things like objects the easier it is to become abusive and neglectful to other people and even ourselves.

There are numerous studies that show that children who have become violent were permitted to inflict pain on defenseless animals.

All people need a sense of power in their lives. When power over our own lives is taken away from someone they will exert power in some other, often destructive, way. Power can take the form of violence. It can also take the form of compassion. But young people need to know that compassion is an option that is rewarded and rewarding.

In the book "Pay It Forward" (released as a movie) you can see how simple acts of unrequited compassion can change the world.

The Talmud says that the highest form of kindness is kindness to animals, because there is no return action expected. Maslow in his hierarchy of values talks about the levels of reasons for doing good deeds. This starts from avoiding punishment and ends at the highest level of doing good for the implicit reward of doing good. That is the goal we should expect of all of us.

Well said, Dr. Halpern. 

I hope to hear more of this, and many other ideas like them at our First Strike Workshop, and invite anyone who has hosted one to write me with any advice or ideas.  My door is always open to a friend. No matter how far away you may live.  We are all the same in our thinking, for the most part. So, welcome!

*´`³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´`*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´`³¤³´`*:»³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`´`*:»«:*³¤³´`³¤³´`
Mad Cow USA
from Allen Schubert - alathome@panix.com

The acclaimed book "Mad Cow USA: Could the Nightmare Happen Here?'' is now available free on the web at http://www.prwatch.org . In it authors Sheldon Rampton and John Stauber predicted the spread of mad cow disease across Europe. They also document how the U.S. is failing to protect itself from a similar disaster since mad cow-type diseases already infect U.S. sheep, deer, elk and possibly cattle and pigs. Each year billions of pounds of slaughterhouse wastes are fed back as feed supplements to livestock in the U.S., and this is how mad cow disease spread through Europe.

full story
  http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/010111/wi_center_.html

*´`³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´`*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´`³¤³´`*:»³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`´`*:»«:*³¤³´`³¤³´`
Tatters in the Big Top
by Marianne Merritt

The Animals' Agenda Online: News
http://www.animalsagenda.org/articledetail.asp?menu=News&NewsID=381

The image of the circus as a vestige of an honorable American entertainment tradition is falling to shreds. Through the work of dedicated activists, as well as individuals who have worked in the circus industry, the inherent cruelty of animal-based circuses is not only being criticized, but is increasingly no longer being tolerated.

Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus touts itself as "The Greatest Show on Earth," but its show, and others of its ilk, have been under growing attack by animal advocates, local legislators, and even members of Congress. Legislative initiatives and grassroots activities challenging the use of exotic animals in circuses are proliferating.

Animals in circuses suffer horribly under deplorable conditions. They are forced to live in dirty, crowded quarters; are not provided with consistent veterinary care (many circuses don't travel with veterinarians); and are trained and kept under control through the use of such devices as bullhooks (sticks with sharpened hooks at one end), clubs, whips, chains, electric "hotshot" prods, food and water deprivation, and other forms of what is unemotionally labeled "negative reinforcement." Elephants are kept in chains
up to 95 percent of the time, and exotic cats and other animals are housed in small cages where they are barely given room to stand up, move around, or stretch. Baby elephants are torn from their mothers at unnaturally young ages to be trained. One (literally) shocking training method entails hosing down elephants prior to applying a hotshot, thereby making their sensitive skin even more vulnerable to pain.

Performing animals are hauled from town to town, day in and day out, in boxcars or trucks, without any ability to exercise the full range of their natural behaviors or to otherwise be left alone for any substantial period of time without being poked, prodded, and trotted out before the masses. Once they outlive their commercial usefulness, they are frequently sold to captive hunting ranches, sent to roadside zoos, auctioned off to private animal collectors, or otherwise meet dismal fates. A lucky few animals find homes at sanctuaries such as those operated by the Fund for Animals, the Performing Animal Welfare Society (PAWS), and The Elephant Sanctuary in Hohenwald (Tennessee).

Activists all over the world have taken steps to expose and prevent the abuses that occur regularly in circuses. Many U.S. animal protection groups have extensive anti-circus campaigns, and more and more state and local governments have passed or considered banning circuses with exotic animals.

To counter these measures, Ringling Bros. and other circuses have launched well-financed public-relations counterstrikes. Feld Entertainment, Ringling's parent company, was estimated by Fortune magazine in 1999 to have generated more than $500 million that year from its various business ventures. A 1995 New York Times article estimated Ringling's advertising budget at $25 million, a figure that has likely grown in the face of court challenges and legislative hearings aimed at restricting circus activity.

A RECORD OF MISTREATMENT

Ringling Bros., with its formidable pocketbook and impetus to protect its profit margin and reputation, has formed a defense based on offense. For example, it has resorted to passing out glossy pamphlets to circus patrons, claiming that its relationship with its animals is "based on constant contact, daily routines and nurturing, which foster trust and affection. Training involves a system of repetition and reward that build on respect and reinforces the trust between animal and trainer." However, documentation provided by government inspection reports and by individuals who have worked at Ringling Bros. reveals a far grimmer picture.

For example, Ringling touts its purported success at its Center for Elephant Conservation (CEC), where it has bred ten Asian elephants. Of those offspring, however, two babies are dead: Kenny, whose death resulted in the imposition of Animal Welfare Act charges that Ringling settled in 1998 for $20,000; and Benjamin, who drowned in 1999 under suspicious circumstances and who reportedly was beaten by his handlers. Of the remaining eight, two were found during a 1999 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) inspection to have "large visible lesions on [their] rear legs." According to two trainers interviewed during the routine inspection, the young elephants -- Doc and Angelica -- suffered rope burns while being forcibly separated from their mothers. One inspection memo noted that Bill Lindsay, Ringling's chief veterinarian, attempted to downplay the seriousness of the lesions found on the babies: "Dr. Lindsay was very upset and asked repeatedly why we could not be more collegial and call him before we came. I explained to him that all our inspections are unannounced. We also asked at that time to take pictures of Doc and Angelica. All Ringling personnel were very reluctant to let us take pictures..." The inspectors returned to the CEC the next day to take photographs, and it was noted that the babies "appeared 'cleaned up.'" The inspectors also noticed that there were additional scars on the babies' front legs. The memo notes that Lindsay "was upset that we had even written a note about the scars and stated that we were 'silly' for making such a big issue over a little thing." Ringling Bros. called the separation method "standard industry practice," but the USDA consulted with six elephant experts about the inspection and thereafter communicated to Feld Entertainment that "we consider the handling of these two elephants as reported on our inspection report of February 9-10 to be noncompliant with the Animal Welfare Act regulations....we believe there is sufficient evidence that the handling of these animals caused unnecessary trauma, behavioral stress, physical harm and discomfort to these two elephants..."

In addition to information from government inspections, more has been learned from three former Ringling employees who have come forward with stories about the company's animal-handling practices. A complaint filed on behalf of PAWS with the USDA in April identifies Tom Rider, a former Ringling elephant handler, as an eyewitness to abuse. The complaint charges that "Mr. Rider has identified several handlers and trainers by name who he personally witnessed repeatedly beat the elephants in the Blue Unit, including the babies. Mr. Rider also traveled with the elephants on tour, and said that they live on cramped stock cars, are chained for more than 23 hours per day, and exposed to extreme temperatures, and left to stand in their own waste for hours at a time."

In January 1999, another former Ringling employee, Glenn Ewell, executed an affidavit in which horrendous treatment of elephants was documented.  One incident was described as follows:

  "[A]fter one of the performances in Denver, one of the adult females by
  the name of Nicole was severely beaten by Randy and Adam because she
  performed poorly. The elephants were taken back to the holding area and
  after the other elephants were chained in place, Randy took Nicole and tried
  to get her to do the routine she refused to do during the performance.
  When Nicole refused to do the movements as instructed Randy took a bull
  hook and began beating Nicole in the head, on the trunk and behind the
  front feet. The beating continued until the handle of the bull hook shattered.
  While Randy was beating Nicole in the head and trunk area, Adam began
  beating her on the lumbar and hindquarter area on the right hand side. One
  of the strikes by Adam to the lumbar area resulted in the metal hook pene-
  trating the skin and causing an open wound from which blood began flowing.
  After the beating was over a person by the name of Sonny doctored the
  wound with some type of powder to stop the bleeding.  No other veterinary
  care was provided to my knowledge.  All of the animal crew previously
  identified were present and witnessed the beating."

PAWS -- joined by the Fund, the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the Animal Welfare Institute, and two former Ringling employees -- has now filed a civil suit against Ringling Bros. for allegedly violating both the Endangered Species Act and the Animal Welfare Act in its treatment of Asian elephants.

Since 1992, 11 Ringling Bros. elephants have died in all, and other animals in the circus haven't fared much better. In February 1999, a 15-year-old horse who performed for Ringling collapsed and died shortly after being unloaded from his train car. In January 1998, a tiger confined to his cage was shot to death by a Ringling employee, apparently as payback shortly after the tiger mauled the employee's brother, the cat's trainer. The USDA issued a "serious warning" to Ringling about the incident.

Other circuses have similarly dismal track records. In 1999, the Clyde Beatty-Cole Brothers Circus was charged with, and later settled, a complaint filed by the USDA under the auspices of the Animal Welfare Act for the "abusive use of an ankus" [bullhook] on several of its elephants. In February 2000, Clyde Beatty again was cited by the USDA for bullhook scars on two of its elephants. Indeed, the circus had been cited in January 1999 for even failing to provide the USDA with access to records pertaining to the health of its elephants. The Sterling & Reid Circus was cited in April 1999 for poking and prodding exotic cats with poles and for striking a lion across the face, as well as for leaving camels tethered in direct sunlight for a lengthy period without any shelter. The same circus, while under investigation by the USDA, turned over three of its tigers to the Oakland Zoo in 1999. Sterling & Reid also featured in its acts a trainer named Brian Franzen, who was convicted of animal cruelty charges after eight ponies in his care were seized from Sterling & Reid after being found dehydrated, malnourished, and living in substandard conditions. In 1997 in Britain, Mary Chipperfield -- once considered a grand dame of the circus industry -- was convicted of beating a chimpanzee with a riding crop. This is just a sampling of the recently documented abuses occurring behind the scenes.

RECENT LEGISLATIVE INITIATIVES

Because of animal abuse and the inherent dangers of bringing wild animals in close contact with the public, many jurisdictions and lawmakers are working to get rid of animal-based circus "entertainment" once and for all.  Initiatives have come before city councils on up to the U.S. Congress.

At the national level, the most recent congressional action has been the introduction of the Captive Elephant Accident Prevention Act (H.R. 2929), which would criminalize the use of elephants in traveling shows or for riding purposes. As noted by the bill's sponsor, Rep. Sam Farr (D-CA), "Since 1983, at least 28 people have been killed by captive elephants performing in circuses and elephant ride exhibits. More than 70 others have been seriously injured, including at least 50 members of the general public who were spectators at circuses and other elephant exhibits. More than a dozen children have been injured, many of them hospitalized, due to elephant ride accidents." Although hearings were held on the bill in July  -- prompting strong debates between animal advocates and circus promoters  -- the bill is not expected to pass this session, but Farr vows to reintroduce it in the next Congress.

At the state level, the Rhode Island House of Representatives passed a bill in June that would prohibit elephants, bears, tigers, and lions from being used in circuses, carnivals, and parades that perform in the state. This is the first time such a bill has been passed by a component of a state legislature, and approved despite heavy lobbying by the circus industry. The bill was not introduced into the state Senate before it recessed, but likely will be in the future. In Maryland, a bill that would have restricted the use of elephants in performances narrowly failed to pass a committee vote, but it too will probably be reintroduced.

Elsewhere, thanks to local ordinances, exotic animal acts are currently banned or tightly restricted in Corona, California; Redmond, Washington; Stamford, Connecticut; Takoma Park, Maryland; Quincy and Revere, Massachusetts; Estes Park, Colorado; Pompano Beach, Hollywood, and Lauderdale Lakes, Florida; and Collinsville, Illinois. In one of the most hotly contested debates, and one that received national media coverage, the Seattle city council nearly passed an ordinance that would have made it illegal to use exotic animals for entertainment. The circus industry lobbied heavily against the ban, and the measure failed by only one vote. However, such anti-circus activism occurring all over the country has been taking its toll on the industry. As noted in the May/June 2000 edition of White Tops, a circus trade periodical, " [t]here were a noticeable number of cities and towns not wanting to sponsor circuses..."

One sign that animal circuses -- particularly Ringling Bros. -- know their days are numbered is the fact that Feld Entertainment has created and heavily promotes its new circus venture, Kaleidoscape, which does not use any exotic animals. As reported in a 1997 edition of Circus Report, another trade publication, "Times are changing, and people are changing, and maybe we need to change also; maybe animals aren't going to be in circuses because people don't want them to be. The majority will rule someday, and maybe that time is here."

  Marianne R. Merritt is an attorney with the firm of Hirschkop & Associates,
  P.C., which practices in Virginia and Washington, D.C. She specializes
  in animal law and works on matters involving the use of animals in
  entertainment.


<> <> <> <> <>
When animal acts come to your town, contact the corporate and/or local sponsors and give them detailed information about what animals in circuses endure. Remind them that the informed public will link their businesses with cruelty for supporting such acts. Performance schedules can be found at www.circuses.com.

Work with local governments to get exotic animal acts banned. Contact the Animal Protection Institute for sample model legislation. Many additional organizations, such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, the Performing Animal Welfare Society, The Humane Society of the United States, and the Elephant Alliance, can provide activists with tips and materials for organizing against circuses.

  “Reprinted with permission from The Animals’ Agenda, P.O. Box 25881,
   Baltimore, MD 21224; (410) 675-4566; www.animalsagenda.org.”
   Email: office@animalsagenda.org

*´`³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´`*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´`³¤³´`*:»³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`´`*:»«:*³¤³´`³¤³´`
Job Opportunity
from office@lcanimal.org

Last Chance for Animals, based in Los Angeles currently has two excellent opportunities for a Campaigns Person and Lead Investigator.  

Public Information/Campaign Director

Job Description:
The person shall act as a media relations expert, working in conjunction with LCA'S investigation's team.  Also must be able to implement and generate campaign events and media relations.  The individual will coordinate and develop promotional activities and materials, including, but not limited to, a quarterly newsletter, direct mailings, and other projects.  Also responsible for maintaining/updating LCA website.

Qualifications:
Selected candidate must have P.R./Media experience.  Should also have proven success in campaigns, preferably with a non-profit.  A self directed, and highly organized individual who is personable and able to work collaboratively with others.  Written and Verbal Skills a must, as well as familiarity in web design and general PC knowledge.

Salary & Benefits
Salary commensurate with experience.
Benefits are included.

Lead Investigator

This person will use his/her skills with investigations working for a non-profit animal rights organization.  Responsible for gathering and recording evidence against perpetrators of animal abuse and exploitation.  Investigator may follow established leads or may pursue their own.  Creativity, safety, thorough documentation and flexibility are all paramount to this position.  As investigator, candidate cannot have any felony convictions.  Must be able to travel in the U.S. and have a broad based knowledge of various surveillance equipment.  Looking for someone who is committed, long term, discrete, innovative and thorough in all aspects of the job.  At least 3 years experience required.

Salary DOE [depends on experience]
Benefits are included

Both are Full Time Positions and based in Los Angeles.  Please note, once again, neither are telecommute.

If interested, please send resume to the attention of Sam Destro at
Last Chance for Animals
8033 W. Sunset Blvd.
Los Angeles, CA  90046

OR

Email manager@LCAnimal.org
Fax  310/271-1890

*´`³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´`*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´`³¤³´`*:»³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`´`*:»«:*³¤³´`³¤³´`
Disassembly Line
by lisa holt - tryng2bme@aol.com

blood is blood and blood is rain
as ash that billows out
the smokestack towers of the
slaughterhouse
upon the mighty Mississippi
and along her filmy shores
the powder dusts the fish that line
mother earth's clogged pores

the stench you get used to,
yeah the stink of charring bone
but half-sights that escape it
still manage to hit home
cause the ventilated trucks
make their pilgrimage
others bring home the bacon
(carting off the dead)

and the waiting cattle low
eyes roll back, show white
the veal calves underfoot
tucked from easy sight
prodded up the ramp they go
and then onto the hooks
just before, they shut the doors
(but no one cares to look)

we heard about the plant once
when that worker sued
seems the machine took off an arm
(forget the hocks accrued)
identical, fluids mingled
that bony pointed day
for blood is blood is rain as ash
(a slaughterhouse's way)

   *´`³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´`*´`³¤³´`*:»«:*´`³¤³´`*:»³¤³´`*:»§«:*´`´`*:»«:*³¤³´`³¤³´`

  
Quote To Remember

"What I think about vivisection is that if people admit that they have the right to take or endanger the life of living beings for the benefit of many, there will be no limit for their cruelty."
                                                                                      ~ Leo Tolstoy

 
   «¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»
  
Susan Roghair - EnglandGal@aol.com
   Animal Rights Online
P O Box 7053
    Tampa, Fl 33673-7053
   http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/1395/

   
-=Animal Rights Online=- 
   &
Advisory Board Member, Animal Rights Network Inc.,
not-for-profit publisher of The Animals' Agenda Magazine
http://www.animalsagenda.org/
The Animals' Agenda Magazine: WebEdition
   «¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»
   (Permission Granted To Quote/Forward/Reprint/Repost This Newsletter In
Whole Or In Part with credit given to EnglandGal@aol.com)

*   Please forward this to a friend who you think
   might be interested in subscribing to our newsletter.
 
* ARO gratefully accepts and considers articles for publication
from subscribers on veg*anism and animal issues. 
  Send submissions to JJswans@aol.com

 

Return to the ARO Newsletter Archives

Return to the ARO Homepage

1