A n i m
a l W r i t e s © sm
The official ANIMAL RIGHTS ONLINE newsletter
Publisher ~ EnglandGal@aol.com
Issue
# 11/15/00
Editor ~ JJswans@aol.com
Journalists ~ Park StRanger@aol.com
~
MicheleARivera@aol.com
~ SavingLife@aol.com
THE SEVEN ARTICLES IN THIS ISSUE ARE:
1 ~ The Thanksgiving Myth by Park
Stranger@aol.com
2 ~ Puppeteering Popular with Pre-Schoolers! by
MicheleARivera@aol.com
3 ~ Down on the Pharm: Cloning, Designer Animals, and
Biofactories
by Steve Best - sbest1@elp.rr.com
4 ~ HSUS Ballot Initiative Results - 2000
5 ~ Join The International Meatless Day Campaign
6 ~ A Thanksgiving Prayer by Park
StRanger@aol.com
7 ~ Quote To Remember
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The Thanksgiving Myth
by Park Stranger@aol.com
Pilgrims
sharing game birds and pumpkin pies with Native Americans. Sure.
The First Thanksgiving was probably vegetarian according to Rynn Berry,
historical advisor to the North American Vegetarian Society, who goes on to say
that the pilgrims probably broke into Native American pantries and stole much
of the corn and beans to sustain them through the winter.
The holiday is actually a fabrication constructed by President Lincoln to unite
the country during the civil war. Read Rynn Berry's whole article at
This is Satya | The First
Vegetarian Thanksgiving
http://www.montelis.com/satya/first_veg.html
Many
of us animal activists and vegans feel deeply saddened towards the middle of
November, when we think of how few wild turkeys are left, the ones who can fly
free. Then we consider the millions of turkeys who live a short life of
torture each year to continue this fantasy tradition called
"Thanksgiving" and we pray not in thanks, but for compassion and
change.
The modern factory farmed turkey has been bred to be so large and heavy with
meat that not only are they unable to fly, but they are unable to have normal
love and sex; they are two large to mount and reproduce naturally.
To deprive a fellow creature of those basic instincts would be bad enough, but
today's turkey raising practices are so incredibly horrific that they can best
be described as inter-species rape and killing for profit. Turkeys are
held down by workers and artificially inseminated in a painful and fear
inducing manner. If you can take the facts on these practices, read this
report by an undercover inseminator from United Poultry Concerns....
UPC Expose on a Turkey
Breeding Factory
http://www.upc-online.org/fall94/breeding.html
and
for more information on turkey farming see these related UPC pages....
UPC - Food for Thought Turkey
Brochure
http://www.upc-online.org/fft2.html
The Modern Turkey - Karen Davis
http://www.upc-online.org/turkey.html
Animal Welfare
http://www.poultry.org/suffering.htm
On
November 22, from 1pm until 3pm, United Poultry Concerns will hold their second
annual protest against the presidential "pardoning of a turkey"
ceremony at the White House. For Information check the UPC site
United Poultry Concerns [UPC] -
www.upc-online.org
http://www.upc-online.org/upchome.html
or contact Karen Davis at 757-678-7875; Karen@upc-online.org or Franklin
Wade at Franklin@upc-online.org
On
November 23, Robert Cohen, author of Milk, the Deadly Poison, UPC and
other activists will hold an event in front of the White House to protest the
symbolic "compassion" of the annual Presidential turkey pardoning
ceremony and to raise awareness of the suffering of these birds. A twenty
foot turkey, constructed by Canadian artist Brandon Leudke, will symbolically
have her throat cut, read about it here....
The TurkeySave Project
http://www.turkeysave.com/main.asp
For
a good listing of recipes and articles go to....
Vegetarian
Thanksgiving Central
http://vegetarian.about.com/food/vegetarian/library/holidays/blthanksgiving.htm
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Puppeteering Popular with
Pre-Schoolers!
by MicheleARivera@aol.com
As the Director of Humane Education at our local
humane society, I am always looking for fun and interesting ways to entertain
children while teaching them about basic companion animal care. Humane
Educators are being invited into the schools and day-care facilities all over
the country. One day last week, I paid a visit to the Humane Education
Director at the Humane Society of Broward County, Caroline Crane.
Caroline was gracious enough to spend a couple of hours "teaching" me
how to teach children to respect animals. And she comes by it honestly,
Caroline is a former school teacher herself!
Bringing these programs to local schools and day-care centers does not take an
act of congress! Usually, it can be done by word of mouth. Anyone who is
working at a humane society as a volunteer would be a candidate for this type
of work, providing s/he is a good public speaker and can work with
children. A good beginning is a written outline of your program to be
sent it to the local school board. Once a teacher has seen an actual
presentation, others will be calling. It is important to remember that,
although we are animal-rights minded, this effort is an animal-welfare effort,
and by keeping that in mind, we stay in the mainstream and are easily invited
to schools so that we can teach children respect for animals. Once they
learn to respect dogs and cats and other companions, the animal-rights
philosophy is much easier for them to grasp when the time comes. It is
like planting a seed and watching it grow, blossom and become productive.
There are several grade-specific programs that Caroline relies on, but the one
that I found most compelling was the "Pet Suitcase" program. It
works for small children because it employs visual aids, interaction with the
children, and is easy enough for even slow-learners to participate in.
The educator brings a colorful children's suitcase filled with dog and cat
items that the animal would need if moving to a new home. The items in
the suitcase are such things as a food bowl, water bowl, tennis ball, t-shirt
with guardian's scent, brush, heartguard, license, catnip, mouse, pooper
scooper and bag, lead and collar. It also contains cookies and other
treats. The children are invited to, one by one, come up and remove an
item, and show it to the class, similar to show and tell. Then, they tell
why the companion animal would need such an item. Usually, the teacher
would also have either a live therapy dog to whom the children can speak, or a
dog or cat puppet who narrates the entire event. As each item is shown to
the class, the humane educator expands on it's use -- the reason for Frontline,
Heartguard, tennis balls, and so on. For older children, medical supplies
that would help segue the conversation to spay/neuter post-op care would help
as well.
Also included in this presentation is a visual aid of procreation. Take
two items (animal-shaped pasta, if you can find them, or small plastic cats or
dogs) and tell the class "These two cats got together and had five
babies" show the five babies, along with the two adults, and now there are
seven, and then each of the five, have five, and so on, until you have a huge
pile of whatever the items are. This visual aid works very well because
they can see how the multiplication works, and teachers love anything to do
with mathematics, even if the kids don't.
I have heard that humane education is required in some California counties and
I hope that is true, because until we teach our children to show respect and
compassion for animals, they won't understand that animals have feelings, and
the consequences of that omission are dire indeed. The children want to
learn. We need to teach them.
<> <> <> <> <>
Writers note: I am very interested in hearing from other educators and teachers
about ways to teach compassion and respect for children. Also, if anyone
has any connection with toy stores or puppet outlets that may be willing to
donate these items, or if anyone has some that they are not using, I would
truly appreciate hearing from you. I will need several as I will be
setting up about six kits, one for each fully trained volunteer. Please
contact me directly at MicheleARivera@aol.com
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Down on the Pharm:
Cloning, Designer Animals, and Biofactories
by Steve Best - sbest1@elp.rr.com
"Anyone who thinks that things will move slowly is being very
naive."
Lee Silver, Molecular Biologist
A bizarre and perverse paradox is currently unfolding in the surreality of the
21st century. As science and technology develop by leaps and bounds, as
genetics rapidly advances, and as a proliferation of alternatives to animal
experimentation emerges, the science-industry complex is turning a corner where
it may exploit more animals than ever before.
This principally is because genetic engineering and cloning are being
intensively developed for commercial purposes as all natural reality -- from
microorganisms and plants to animals and human beings -- is subject to genetic
reconstruction in a fully "Second Genesis."
In a potent combination, genetic engineering and cloning technologies are used
together in order, first, to custom design a transgenic animal to suit the
needs of science and industry (the distinction is irrevocably blurred) and,
second, to mass reproduce the hybrid creation endlessly.
Cloning is a return to asexual reproduction and bypasses the caprice of the
genetic lottery and random shuffling of genes. It dispenses with the need to
inject a gene into thousands of newly fertilized eggs to get a successful
result; rather, much as the printing press replaced the scribe, cloning allows mass
reproduction of a devised type and thus opens genetic engineering to vast
commercial possibilities. Animals are far more efficient replication media than
petri dishes, and life science companies are poised to make billions of dollars
in profits.
To date, science has engineered thousands of varieties of transgenic animals
and has cloned sheep, calves, goats, bulls, pigs, and mice. Though still far
from precise, cloning nevertheless has become routine. What's radically new and
startling is not cloning itself, as since 1952 scientists have replicated
organisms from embryonic cells, but rather the new techniques of cloning from
adult mammal cells. These methods accomplish what scientists long considered
impossible -- reverting adult (specialized) cells to their original
(non-specialized) embryonic state where they can be reprogrammed to form a new
organism -- the identical twin of the adult that provided the original donor
cell.
But when Ian Wilmut and his associates from the Roslin Institute near Edinburgh,
Scotland, announced their earth-shattering discovery in March 1997, the
"impossible" appeared in the form of a sheep named Dolly. Dolly's
donor cells came from a six-year-old Finn Dorset Ewe. Wilmut starved mammary
cells in a low-nutrient tissue culture where they became quiescent and subject
to reprogramming. He then removed the nucleus containing genetic material from
an unfertilized egg cell of a second sheep, a Scottish Blackface, and, in a
nice Frankenstein touch, fused the two cells with a spark of electricity. The
resulting embryo was then implanted into a third sheep, a surrogate mother who
gave birth to Dolly in July 1996.
Many critics said Dolly was either not a real clone or just a fluke. But less
than two years later, scientists had cloned cattle, bulls, and mice, and had
even made clones of clones of clones, producing genetic simulacra in mass
batches as Huxley envisioned happening to human beings in Brave New World. The
commercial possibilities of cloning animals was dramatic and obvious for all to
behold. The race was on to patent novel cloning technologies and the transgenic
offspring they would engender.
Factory Pharming
"The idea is to arrive at the ideal animal and repeatedly copy it
exactly as it is."
Dr. Mark Hardy
With the birth of Dolly, a new wave of animal exploitation had arrived, and
anxiety grew about a world of cloned humans that scientists said was
technically feasible and perhaps inevitable. Wilmut himself, however, is not an
advocate of human cloning, and designed his revolutionary technology with one
idea in mind: manufacturing herds of animals for human use. In Wilmut's words,
"The biotechnology industry exists to use genetic information to cure
disease and improve agriculture."
The possibilities for genetic engineering and cloning animals are now
endless. Animals are being designed and
bred as living drug and organ factories, as their bodies are refashioned,
disrupted, and mutilated to benefit meat and dairy industries. Genetic
engineering also is employed by biomedical research in novel ways by infecting
animals with diseases that become a part of their genetic make-up, as in the
case of researchers trying to replicate the effects of cystic fibrosis in
sheep. Most infamously, Harvard University, with funding from Du Pont, has
patented a mouse -- OncoMouse -- that has human cancer genes built into its
genetic makeup and are expressed in its offspring.
In the booming industry of "pharming" (pharmaceutical farming),
animals are genetically modified to secrete therapeutic proteins and medicines
in their milk. The first major
breakthrough came in January 1998, when Genzyme Transgenics created transgenic
cattle named George and Charlie. The result of splicing human genes and bovine
cells, they were cloned to make milk that contains human proteins such as the
blood-clotting factor needed by hemophiliacs. Co-creator James Robl said,
"I look at this as being a major step toward the commercialization of this
[cloning] technology."
Strolling through the Brave New Barnyard, one can find incredible beings that
appear normal but are genetic satyrs and chimera. Here cows produce
lactoferrin, a human protein useful for treating infections. Goats manufacture
antithrombin III, a human protein that can prevent blood clotting, and serum
albumin, which regulates the transfer of fluids in the body. Sheep produce
alpha antitrypsin, a drug used to treat cystic fibrosis. Pigs secrete phytase,
a bacterial protein that enables them to produce less of the pollutant
phosphorous in their manure, and chickens are bred to make lysozyme, an
antibiotic, in their eggs to keep their own infections down.
As an example of the bizarre wonders of genetic technology, and of the erasure
of boundaries between organic and inorganic matter and different species,
scientists have implanted a spider gene into goats, so that their milk produces
a super-strong material -- BioSteel -- which can be used for bulletproof vests,
medical supplies, and aerospace and engineering projects. In order to produce
vast quantities of BioSteel, Nexia Biotechnologies intend to house thousands of
goats in 15 weapons-storage buildings, confining them in small holding pens.
Organs R Us
"A cow is nothing but cells on the hoof."
Dr. Thomas Wagner
Animals are genetically engineered and cloned for yet another reason, to
produce a stock of organs for human transplant. Given the severe shortage of
human organs, thousands of patients every year languish and die before they can
receive a kidney, liver, or heart. Rather than encouraging preventative
medicine and finding ways to encourage more organ donations, medical science
has turned to xenotransplantation, and has begun breeding herds of animals
(with pigs as a favored medium) to be used as organ sources for human
transplantation.
Clearly, this is a very hazardous enterprise due to the possibility of animal
viruses causing new plagues and diseases in the human population (a danger
which exists also in pharmaceutical milk). For many scientists, however, the
main concern is that the human body rejects animal organs as foreign and
destroys them within minutes. Scientists seek to overcome this problem by
genetically modifying the donor organ so that they knock out markers in pig
cells and add genes that make their protein surfaces identical to those in
humans. Scientists envision cloning entire herds of altered pigs and other
transgenic animals so that an inexhaustible warehouse of organs and tissues
would be available for human use.
Whereas genetic and cloning technologies in the cases described at least have
the potential to benefit human beings, they have also been appropriated by the
meat and dairy industries for blatantly self-serving and unethical purposes.
It's the H.G. Wells scenario where, in his prophetic novel Food of the Gods,
scientists invent a novel "Boomer" food which prompts every living
being that consumes it to grow to gargantuan proportions. Today, cattle and
dairy industries are engineering and cloning designer animals that are larger,
leaner, faster-growing value producers. Since 1997, at least one country,
Japan, has sold cloned beef to its citizens.
With synthetic chemicals and DNA alteration, pharmers can produce pigs that
mature twice as fast and provide twice the normal amount of sows per litter as
they eat 25% less feed, and cows that produce many times more milk. While
anomalies such as self-shearing sheep and broiler chickens with fewer feathers
have already been assembled, some macabre visionaries foresee engineering pigs
and chickens with flesh that is tender or can be easily microwaved, and
chickens that are wingless so they wont need bigger cages. The next step would
be to just create and replicate animals torsos -- sheer organ sacks -- and
dispense with superfluous heads and limbs. In fact, scientists have undertaken
this gruesome procedure with mice and frogs.
To invoke another brilliant anticipation by H.G. Wells, in his novel The Island
of Dr. Moreau, the agricultural use of genetics and cloning has produced
horrible monstrosities. Transgenic animals often are born deformed, and suffer
from fatal bleeding disorders, arthritis, tumors, stomach ailments, kidney
disease, diabetes, inability to nurse and reproduce, behavioral and metabolic
disturbances, high mortality rates, and Large Offspring Syndrome. A Maryland
team of scientists created the infamous "Beltway pig" afflicted with
arthritis, deformities, and respiratory disease. Cows engineered with bovine
growth hormone (rBGH) suffer from mastitis, hoof and leg maladies, reproductive
problems, numerous abnormalities, and early death. Similarly, experiments in
the genetic engineering of salmon have led to rapid growth and various
aberrations. A Maine lab specialized in breeding sick and abnormal mice who go
by names such as Fathead, Fidget, Hairless, Dumpy, and Greasy. One study
claimed that cloned cows are ten times more likely to be unhealthy as their
natural counterparts. Such are the aberrant results where technology flagrantly
disrupts natural processes and life cycles.
Breeding Uncertainty
"Right now we don't know what the limits [of science and technology]
are. All the traditional rules we thought about the ... animal kingdom ... are
thrown out the window."
Micheal Phillips, Congressional Office of Technology
Assessment
Despite the claims of its champions, the genetic engineering of animals is a
radical departure from natural evolution and traditional forms of animal
breeding. It involves rapid species
change and manipulation of genes rather than whole organisms. Moreover,
scientists can create novel beings across species boundaries that previously
were unbridgeable. Ours is a world where cloned calves carry human genes, human
embryo cells are merged with enucleated cows' eggs, monkeys are bred with
jellyfish DNA, a surrogate horse gives birth to a zebra, and tiger cubs emerge
from the womb of an ordinary housecat.
The ability to clone a desired genetic type brings the animal kingdom into
entirely new realms of exploitation and commercialization. From the new
scientific perspective, animals are framed as genetic information that can be
edited, transposed, and copied endlessly. Pharming and xenotransplantation
build on the system of factory farming that dates from the postwar period and
is based on the confinement and intensive management of animals within enclosed
buildings that are prisonhouses of suffering.
The proclivity of the science-industry complex to instrumentalize animals as
nothing but resources for human use and profit worsens in the Brave New
World. Still confined for maximal
control, animals are no longer seen as whole species, but rather as fragments
of genetic information to be manipulated for any purpose. Weighty
ethical and ecological concerns in the new modes of animal appropriation are
largely ignored, as animals are still framed in the 17th century Cartesian
worldview that views them as nonsentient machines. As Jeremy Rifkin puts it,
"Reducing the animal kingdom to customized, mass-produced replications of
specific genotypes is the final articulation of the mechanistic, industrial
frame of mind. A world where all life is transformed into engineering standards
and made to conform to market values is a dystopian nightmare, and needs to be
opposed by every caring and compassionate human being who believes in the
intrinsic value of life."
Animals patenting has become a huge industry for multinational corporations and
chemical companies. PPL Therapeutics, Genzyme Transgenics, Advanced Cell
Technology, and other enterprises are issuing broad patents claims on methods
of cloning nonhuman animals and the life forms that result. PPL Therapeutics,
the company that "invented" Dolly, has applied for the patents and
agricultural rights to the production of all genetically altered mammals that
could produce therapeutic proteins in their milk. Nexia Biotechnologies
obtained exclusive rights to all results from spider silk research. Patent
number 4,736,866 was granted to Du Pont for Oncomouse, which the U.S. Patent
Office described as a new "composition of matter."
Certainly, genetics does not augur solely negative developments for
animals. Given the reality of dramatic
species extinction and loss of biodiversity, scientists are collecting the
sperm and eggs of endangered species like the giant panda in order to preserve
them in a "frozen zoo." It is stimulating indeed to ponder the
possibilities of a Jurassic Park scenario of reconstructing extinct species
(as, for example, scientists recently have uncovered the well-preserved remains
of a tasmanian tiger and a woolly mammoth).
But critics dismiss this as an impossible fantasy and a misguided search for a
technofix that distracts focus from the real problem of preserving habitat and
biodiversity. Even if animals could be cloned, there is no way to clone
habitats lost forever to chainsaws and bulldozers. Moreover, the behaviors of
cloned animals would unavoidably be altered and they would end up in zoos or
absurd entertainment settings. Additionally, there is the likelihood that
genetic engineering and cloning would aggravate biodiversity loss to the extent
it creates monolithic superbreeds that could be easily wiped out by disease.
There is also great potential for ecological disaster when new organisms enter
an environment, and genetically modified organisms are especially unpredictable
in their behavior and effects.
Yet advances in genetics also may bypass and obviate pharming and
xenotransplantation through use of stem cell technologies that clone human
cells, tissues, or perhaps even entire organs and limbs from human embryos or
an individual's own cells. This would eliminate at once the problem of immune
rejection and the need for animals.
The development of new sciences and technologies therefore is ambiguous,
open-ended, and unpredictable. For now, the only certainty is that the
juggernaut of the genetic revolution is rapidly advancing and that in the name
of medical progress animals are being victimized and exploited in new ways.
Steve Best is Associate Professor of Philosophy and Humanities at the
University of Texas, El Paso. He is Vice-President of the Vegetarian Society of
El Paso, a long time vegan and animal rights activist, and author of numerous
books and articles in the areas of social theory, postmodernism, and cultural
studies. Some of his writings are posted at
http://utminers.utep.edu/best/.
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HSUS Ballot Initiative Results
- 2000
from humanelines@hsus.org
Overall,
voters favored animal protection interests in a majority of the state ballot
campaigns. Campaigns and Elections rated animal protection as the number one
issue on statewide ballots! Read the results below (a star* denotes a
victory for the animals):
ALASKA:
*Measure 1 -- (oppose) - FAILED (36% to 64%) - would have barred all citizen
ballot initiatives relating to the protection of wildlife.
*Measure 6 - (support) - PASSED ( 53% to 47%) - will retain the prohibition of
same-day airborne ("land-and-shoot") hunting of wolves, which Alaska
voters banned in 1996.
ARIZONA:
* Prop102 - (oppose) - FAILED (38% to 62%) - would have required a two-thirds
supermajority vote to approve any ballot initiative relating to the protection
of wildlife.
MASSACHUSETTS:
Question 3 - (support) - FAILED (49% to 51%) - would have prohibited dog racing
and meetings at which betting or wagering on dog racing occurs.
MONTANA:
* Initiative 143 - (support) - PASSED (52% to 48%) - will impose a moratorium
on new game farm licenses and will ban "canned hunts."
NORTH DAKOTA:
Question 1 - (oppose) - PASSED (77% to 23%) - will create a new section of the
North Dakota Constitution relating to the right to hunt, trap, and fish.
OREGON:
Measure 97 - (support) - FAILED (39% to 61%) - would have banned the use of
steel-jawed leghold traps & other body-gripping traps for recreation and
commerce in fur, and would have banned the use of Compound 1080 (sodium
fluoroacetate) and sodium cyanide.
VIRGINIA:
Question 2 - (oppose) - PASSED (60% to 40%) - will amend the Virginia
Constitution to establish "a right to hunt, fish, and harvest game."
WASHINGTON:
* Initiative 713 - (support) - PASSED (54% to 46%) - will ban the use of
steel-jawed leghold traps and other body-gripping traps for recreation and
commerce in fur, and will ban the use of Compound 1080 (sodium fluoroacetate)
and sodium cyanide.
Animal-Friendly Candidates endorsed by HUMANE USA: HUMANE USA (see
www.humaneusa.org), the non-partisan, political arm of the animal protection
movement, endorsed many animal-friendly State and Federal political
candidates. Of the 236 endorsed
candidates for U.S. House and Senate candidate endorsements, over 95% were
successfully elected to office! For election results nationwide, see
http://www.politics1.com/votes.htm
For more information on legislation or how to find your legislators, and past
HUMANElines, visit http://www.hsus.org or http://www.fund.org
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A Thanksgiving Prayer
by Park StRanger@aol.com
Oh, Creator of the Universe...
Whenever we see birds flying in the sky,
we are thankful they are there.
Whenever we see fish swimming in the waters,
we are thankful they are there.
Whenever we see deer or squirrels or rabbits in the woods
we are thankful they are there, and not here on our dinner tables.
Amen
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Quote To Remember
"The
human spirit is not dead. It lives on in secret.....It has come to
believe that compassion, in which all ethics must take root, can only attain
its full breadth and depth if it embraces all living creatures and does not
limit itself to mankind."
~ Albert Schweitzer, Nobel Peace Prize Address,
"The Problem of Peace in the World Today"
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Susan Roghair - EnglandGal@aol.com
Animal Rights Online, President
http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/1395/
-=Animal RightsOnline=-
&
Advisory Board Member, Animal Rights Network Inc.,
not-for-profit publisher of The Animals' Agenda Magazine
http://www.animalsagenda.org/
The
Animals' Agenda Magazine: WebEdition
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