¾Ô´Ñ (War games)

    ¾Ôª§¹CÀ¸ (¦P¼ËºÙ War games) ´X¥G¥u¬O¤@ºØ¨k©Êªº¹CÀ¸¡C§Ú¨Ã¤£¬O»¡¤k©Ê¦b¦¹¤O¦³¤£Áõ¡A¦ý¦o­Ì¤j¦h¤í¯Ê°«©Ê©M©ºªA§O¤Hªº³¥¤ß(¦ý³o¤]¥i¥H¬OºØ¦n³B)¡C

    ¾Ôª§¹CÀ¸¤j§¡¥i¤À¬°¥|Ãþ¡G

1. ¹ÏªO¾Ô´Ñ (Board Form War Games)¡A¥»¤å¤¤©Ò¤¶²Ðªº¾Ô´Ñ§¡Äݦ¹Ãþ¡A³oÃþ¾Ô´Ñ¬O©Ò¦³¾Ô´Ñ¤¤³Ìª¾¦Wªº¡A­º¥ý¦b¬ü°êµo®i¡C¥¦­Ì¾A¦X¥Î¥H¼ÒÀÀ¾Ô²¤©Ê(Strategic)ªº¾Ôª§(Wars)¡C

2. ®à­±¾Ô´Ñ(¦ÛÀÀ) (Table Top War Games)¡A³oÃþ¾Ô´Ñ¬O¦b®à¤W¡u±À§L¥J¡v¦Ó «D¦b¹ÏªO¤Wª±ªº¡A¬O¥H¥¦­Ì»Ý­n«Ü¤jªºªÅ¶¡(¤£­n¥H¬°¥i¥H¦b±zªº®Ñ®à¤Wª±¡A°£«D»Õ¤U¾Ö¦³¹³¹qµø¼@¡u¯u±¡¡v¤¤ªº¤j¶º®à¡I)©M¤ñ¹ÏªO¾Ô´Ñ§ó ½ÆÂøªº³W«h(«Ü²³æ¡A¦pªG±z¦b¶º®à¤Wµe¤W¹³¹ÏªO¤Wªººô®æ©M¦â¼Ð¡A½Ð·í¤ß¦¨¬°¤U¤@©v®a®x¼É¤O¨Æ¥óªº¨ü®`ªÌ¡I)¡C©Ò¥H¡A³oºØ¾Ô´Ñ¦b­»´ä´X¥GµL¤Hª¾¾å¡C¦ý»Õ¤U¥i¯à¦³©Ò¤£ª¾ªº¬O¡A¥¦­Ì¬O¦b²³´ä·þ¤§¡u¯ª®a¡v­^ °êµo©úªº¡A¦Ó¥B¬O¥@¬É¤W²Ä¤@Ãþ¾Ô´Ñ¡I

3. ¥Î¯u¤H¡u¯uºj(°²ºj¥ç¥i)°²¼u¡vª±ªº¼ÒÀÀ¾Ôª§¹CÀ¸(²{®ÉWar game¤@µü¦h «ü¦¹Ãþ)·íµM¥çÄݤ@Ãþ¡C

4. ­YµM»Õ¤U»{¬°¡u¯uºj¹ê¼u¡vªº¾Ôª§¤]¬O¤@ºØ¹CÀ¸ªº¸Ü(¨Ò¦p§A¬O§Æ¯S°Ç¡BÂĹF©i³oÃþ¾Ôª§¨g®{©Î¾Ôª§³c¤l)¡A§Ú¤]¤£´±¤£¦P·N¡I(ÀH§A³ßÅw§a¡I)

    ¤j­P¤W¡A¦³®É¤H­Ì¨Ã¤£»{¬°Risk¤ÎDiplomacy¬O¾Ô´Ñ¡A¦]¬°¥¦­Ìªº´Ñ¨Ò¸û²³æ(¦ý¨º¤£ªí¥Ü¨ú³Ó¬O®e©öªº)¡C¦b¦¹¡A§Ú­Ì«K¯à¨£¨ìPlayability vs. realism/complexityªº¨âÃø¤§³B¡A³oºØ¥Ù¬Þ·|¸g±`¦b¾Ô´Ñ³]­p®É¥X²{¡C

    ¨Ò¦pRisk¡A¬O«Ü©öª±ªº¡A¤j¤p¾Ô§Ðªº¿éĹ³£¥u¬O¨ú¨M©ó¤ñ¸û»ëÂI¤j¤p¡I¤S¦pAxis & Allies¡A¥¦ªº³W«h¸ûRiskªº½ÆÂø¡A­n¥Î¤W¦n´X±iªí®æ(Tables¡A¤£¬O»Õ¤U®a¤¤ªº®Ñ®à¡A¨º¥u¬O¤@±iµw¥d¯È)¨Ó¼Ð¥Ü¦U°Ñ¾Ô°êªºª¬ªp¡CÁöµM§Ú»¡Axis & Allies¤ñRisk½ÆÂø¡A¦ý­YµM±zÅ¥¨£¨º¨Ç¡u¤j®v¯Å¡vª±®a©M±M®a­Ìªº»¡¸Ü¡A±z·|·P¨ì¾_Åå¡G´L¶Qªº¥L­Ì¤´»{¬°Axis & Allies¬O¤@­Ó¥iª±©Ê«D±`°ª(¥ç§Y¬O»¡¥¦¬O­Ó¤Ó²³æ)ªº¹CÀ¸¡I

    ¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¦b¤U¶Ë·P©ó­»´ä¤H¤ÓµÛ­«©ó¡u¥iª±©Ê¡v(¥ç§Y²³æ)³o¤T­Ó¦r¤W­±¤F¡C¤j®a¯à¦h¹Á¸Õ¤@¨Ç§ó¯u¹ê©M½ÆÂøªº¹CÀ¸¶Ü¡H¨º¤~¬O¯u¥¿ªº¼Ö½ì¡I

    ¥t¤@­Ó­n¤¶²Ðªº¦Wµü¬OUniqueness(¿W¯S)¡A¦bAxis & Allies¤¤¡A¦U°ê¦³¤£¦Pªºªì©lª¬ªp¡G¶b¤ß°ê­x¤O¸û±j¡A¦ý¸gÀÙ¸û®z¡F¦P·ù°ê­x¤O¸û®z¡A¦ý¸gÀÙ¸û±j¡C³o¥O¹CÀ¸§ó¦nª±¡A¦]¬°¥¦¼ÒÀÀ¤F·í®Éªºª¬ªp¡A¦Ó¥BÅýª±ªÌ¦³¾÷·|¦b¦P¤@¹CÀ¸¤¤¡A¹Á¸Õ¤£¦PªºÃø«×©M±¡ªp¡C

    “Beggar's offensive”ªº°ÝÃD¥ç±`¦b¾Ô´Ñ¤¤¥X²{¡A¨ä¥»·N¬°¡u¤^¤¢ªº§ðÀ»¡v¡A¤Þ¦ù¬°¡uµo½a´c¡v¤§·N¡C·N«ä¬O¡A·í¤@¤è±µªñ°I¤`®É¡A¥H¨ä©Ò¶È¦³¤§¸ê·½(§L¤O¡B°]¤Oµ¥)¥h«Â¯Ù¥L¤H¡C¤j®a¬O¤£·|Åwªï³oºØ°µªkªº¡C

¡¯

Risk (¾Ô°ê­·¶³)

    ­»´äª¾¦W¤§¹CÀ¸¡A¤D¼ÒÀÀ²Ä¤@¦¸¥@¬É¤j¾Ô¤§±¡ªp¡C³o¹CÀ¸ªº³W«h«Ü²³æ¡A¦ý©Ò»Ý¤§µ¦²¤¥i¥H«Ü½ÆÂø¡A³o»PDiplomacy¦³ÂI¬Û¦ü¡C§Ú«Ü³ßÅw¦bª©¥»ùئp¥j¸³¦a¹Ï¯ëªº¹Ïª©¡C­Ó¤H»{¬°³Ì¾A¦X4 - 5¤H¹Cª±¡C

¡¯

Diplomacy (¼Ú¬w¥~¥æÁa¾î)(¦ÛĶ)

    ¤@­Ó»PRisk­I´º¬Û­Y¡A¦ý¦b­»´ä¨Ã¤£ª¾¦Wªº¦n¹CÀ¸¡C¡u´Ñ¡v¦p¨ä¦W¡A¬O­Ó¥~¥æ¹CÀ¸¡C¥¦¤§©Ò¥H¡u¦n¡v¬O¦]¬°³o¹CÀ¸´X¥G§¹¥þ¤£¯A¤Î¹B®ð¢w¥¦®Ú¥»¤£¥Î»ë¤l¡I±z¥u¯à¥H¥~¥æ§Þ¥©¨ú³Ó(¾Ú»D¥Ì¤D­}©M°ò¨¯®æ³oÃþ¥~¥æ®a¦Û¤p´Nª±³o¹CÀ¸)¡A±z­n¨ú±o·ù¤Í¤ä«ù¡A¦ý«á¨Ó¤S¥i¯à­n¥X½æ¥L¤F¡C¦¹´Ñ³Ì©y¥Ñ¤C¤H¹ï«Ù(§Y¥»´Ñ¤§¹CÀ¸ªÌÁ`¼Æ)¡A¦ý¨ä¹ê¤£¤Ó¾A¦X¤p«Ä¤l(¥Ñ¦¹¥i¨£¹ÏªO¹CÀ¸µ´«D«Äµ£¤§±M§Q)¡A¦]¬°¹ï¥L­Ì¨Ó»¡¡A­nª±³o¹CÀ¸¹ê¦b¬O¤Ó¶Ë¸£µ¬¤F¡C

¡¯

Axis & Allies (¶b¤ß»P¦P·ù)(¦ÛĶ)

    ¥t¤@­Óª¾¦Wªº¾Ô´Ñ¹CÀ¸¡A¤D¼ÒÀÀ²Ä¤G¦¸¥@¬É¤j¾Ô¤¤¤§¤­±j¡G¯Çºé¼w°ê¡BĬÁp¡B­^°ê¡B¤é¥»©M¬ü°ê(§Ú»{¬°ºtĬÁpªº¤@¤è¬OÃø«×³Ì°ªªº)¡C§Ú³Ì³ßÅw¥¦ªº§LºØ¼ÒÀÀª«(miniatures¡A¦p¨B§L¡B©Z§J¡B¯è¥Àµ¥)¡A¥¦­Ì«Ü¦³¯u¹ê·P¡C

¡¯

­x´Ñ (Fighting chesses¡A¦h©ÇªºÄ¶¦W¡I)

    ¥¦­Ì¨ä¹ê¨Ã«Dchesses¡A¥u¬O¦]¬°¥¦­Ì¬O¤¤°ê»s«~¡A¬G¦W¡C¥i¬O¡A¥¦­Ì¥ç«D¤¤°ê¤§µo©ú¡A¦Ó¬Oºû¦h§Q¨È®É¥N¹CÀ¸Stratego¤§ÅܺØ(¤µ¤é»Õ¤U¤´¥i¦bª±¨ã¤Ï¤æ«°Áʱo)¡C­x´Ñ¥D­n¦³¤TºØ¡G³°¾Ô­x´Ñ(land fighting chess)¡B®ü³°ªÅ¾Ô´Ñ(the armed forces fighting chess)¡B©M³°®üªÅ¤T­x¾Ô°«´Ñ(©ÎºÙ·s®ü³°ªÅ¤T­x´Ñ¡Athe new armed forces fighting chess)¡C«e¨âªÌ¥Ñ¤¤°ê¤j³°¥X²£¡A´Ñ¤l¬°¤ì³y¡F«áªÌ¬°¥xÆW¥X«~¡A´Ñ¤l¬°¶ì½¦³y¡C

    ¦b¤U¨Ã¤£»{¬°¨º¬O«Ü¦nªº¹CÀ¸¡A¦ý¥¦­Ì¬°§Ú­Ì±a¨Ó¤F¹ï¾Ô´Ñªº²Ä¤@¦L¶H¡C¦pªG±z¥uª±¹L­x´Ñ¡A¤£¦p¸Õ¸Õª±Stratego¡C

¡¯

¤@¨Ç¦b­»´äµo®iªº·s¾Ô´Ñ

    ·s¶®¥Xª©¤½¥qµo®i¤F¨â®M¬ì¤Û¾Ô´Ñ(SF - Science Fiction war games)¡G¡m¤ÓªÅ¸ê·½ª§¹Ü¾Ô¡n¤Î¡m¦MÀI¥ô°È¡n¤À§O¨Ñ¤Q·³¤Î¤Q¤G·³¥H¤W¤§¤H¤h¹Cª±¡C½Ð¤£­n¦]¬°·s¶®¥Xª©¨àµ£¥Zª«¦Ó¥H¬°¨º¬O¥®¸Xªº¹CÀ¸¡AÁöµM¥¦­Ì¤ñ¸g¨å¾Ô´Ñ©öª±¡A¦ý³oµ¹¤F±z«Ü¦nªº¾÷·|¥h¼ô²ß¹ÏªO¾Ô´Ñ¡C¦Ó¥B¡A³o¨â®M¾Ô´Ñ³£¤À¬°´X³¡¤À¡G°ò¥»³¡¤À©M¶i¶¥³¡¤À¡AÅý±z¯à§ó©ö¤J¤â¡C¦b¤U¤£©È§i¶D±z¡A§Úı±o¦MÀI¥ô°Èªº¶i¶¥ª©¤]»áÃøª±¡C

    ­Y»Õ¤U¶}©lª±¾Ô´Ñ¡A¦b¤U»{¬°¤W­z¨âºØ¾Ô´Ñ¬O¤£¿ùªº¤Jªù¹CÀ¸¡C¤£¹L¡A«Ü¿ò¾Ñ­n§i¶D»Õ¤U¡A¸Ó¨âºØ¾Ô´Ñ³£¬O¦b1985¦~¥X«~ªº¡CÁöµM±z¤´¯à¦b¥«­±©M¤j®Ñ©±(¥D­n¬O¦b¨àµ£¹Ï®Ñ³¡)ùاä¨ì¡A¦ý¦s¶q¤£¦h¡A¥i¯à­n¦hªá¤Ö³\®É¶¡¤F¡C

    ¦Ó·s¶®¥ç´¿¦³(¤£ª¾¹D²{¦bÁÙ¦³¨S¦³)¤@­Ó±Mªù±À¼s¾Ô´Ñªº³¡ªù¡G­»´ä¾Ô´Ñ¬ã¨s¤¤¤ß¡C¥L­Ì¦b­ì¼t³\¥i¤U¥Xª©¤F¨â´ÚAH¼t(Avalon Hill¡A¤@©Ò¬ü°êµÛ¦W¹CÀ¸¥Í²£°Ó¡ADiplomacy¥ç¬O¨ä»s§@)ªº¥X«~¡GMidway (¤¤³~®q¤§§Ð)©MWaterloo (·ÆÅK¿c¤§§Ð)¡A¥¦­Ì³£¬O«Ü¦nª±ªº´Ñ¡C¥i±¤¡A§Ú¦A¤£¯à¦b¥«­±¤W§ä¨ì¥¦­Ì¤F¡A¦b¤U¥u´¿¦b¾Ç®Õ´ÑÃÀ¾Ç·|ùت±¹LWaterloo°Ú(¦b¤Uªì¼¶¦¹¤å®É¤w«D·|­û¤F)¡C

¡¯¡¯¡¯

(ª©ÅvÁn©ú)

¦^¨ì«e­¶

1