1. Non Sequiturs
In Latin means "it does not follow"
It occurs when a conclustion does not follow logically from the premises used to support it.
For Example:
Premise:There is a T.V. in my house.
Premise:There are no girls in my house.
Conclusion:The T.V. keeps the girls away.
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Non Sequiturs
2.False and Vague Premises
It is when a conclusion does follow logically, but the premises are either vague or false, therefore the conclusion is still untrue.
For Example:
Premise:All people are tall.
Premise:Midgets are people.
Conclusion:Midgets are tall.
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3.Ad Hominem
In Latin means "against the person"
Instead in dealing with the real problem you attack who ever you can to avoid it the problem
For Example in dealing with politics
After one politician asks another politician a question he cannot answer
One says to the other well your middle name is fred and avoids the question.
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4.Begging the Question
In Latin means petitio principii
A person begs the question when he tries to demonstrate the a certain point is true, but in the process already assumes his point is true
For Example: I know I can become president some day because I know I can
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5.Red Herrings
Is something inflammatory or besides-the-point in order to distract everyone from the real issue
The term Red Herrings come from the practice of dragging smoked fish over a trail to confuse hunting dogs.
For example Fred and Mike are making fun of Bob for getting a bad grade in math. So Bob says Jim broke his leg while taking a shower.
Mike and Fred are now not making fun of Bob but want to know about Jim.
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