Danielle Foley

Brief Essays

History of Genetics


Gregor Mendel was the father of Genetics. He was a monk who conducted an experiment on pea plants. He took the stamen from one plant and crossed it with the pistil of another (called cross-pollination). He chose the traits that he wanted from each plant.

The P generation is the parent generation, so they are the generation that started it. The F generation (F1) is the first generation and they are born from the parent generation.

A trait passed on can be dominant or recessive. If the trait from each of the parents are dominant, then the trait will be dominant and the same for recessive but it will be recessive. If the trait is dominant and recessive then it will offspring and be dominant.

A dominant trait shows on a person and a recessive trait is hidden. If the trait is dominant, it is two capital letters (HH) and if it is recessive then it is two lowercase letters (hh).

Chromosomes are rod-shaped structures that are made of DNA. They tell the whole being of a person. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in the human body so there are 46 chromosomes in all.


Genetic Engineering Versus Cloning


Cloning is the process of creating one or more animals, plants, or people that are genetically identical. Genetic engineering is the process of altering the genetic material/makeup of a plant animal or human.

Through genetic engineering we can change the way someone will grow up. Through gene therapy we can find genes that cause weakness and disease and alter and remove them. We can alter someone’s muscular structure to make them stronger. We can alter so many things.

Mr. Huxley wrote a book in 1932. In it he says, "Genetic engineering can literally change what it means to be human." This, today, seventy years later, we find to be true. Genetic engineering will and is changing the world. As Mr. Purnell, you , said genetic engineering could cause a new form of racism. This is because if someone is engineered to be stronger, smarter, better than the normal human, people will think of them as being better.

In 1997 Dolly, a sheep, was the first animal to be cloned. She was cloned from a seven year old cell which came from her mother, Molly. Because of this, Dolly ages seven times as fast as the average sheep. Dr. Richard Seed is a man who plans on making two hundred thousand human clones a year. He has already succeeded in getting ninety percent of his team.

I think that genetic engineering is extremely dangerous. By altering things we are changing reality and what is meant to be. We are messing with nature. Genetic engineering as well as cloning are both unnatural. I also feel that cloning is dangerous. If people are cloned, no one will be unique and that is a horrible thing. Knowing that there is someone else exactly like you makes you feel not special. Feeling not special is a horrible thing.


Student-Published Genetic Research
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