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Following are some of the links that i found interesting but there was no way that i could have gone through the whole site, so i can't 100% say that all stuff in that reflects my own views.

The Most Followed Imam of the Muslims - Imam Abu Hanifa ( R.A. )

The aim of the book, from which the following information is translated, is to show that the main sects of islam have never been  so 'Rigid'. If we closely examine other fiqhs, we would also find similarities. The respected Imams, in their times too, respected each other, in one instanse, its said that one Imam offered Namaz in the Imamat of the other, offering Namaz in the way of the Imam of that Namaz.

The book gives us the picture of the Muslim world at that time. Kharijis were intensifying civil war among Muslims, by joining both sides. Some of the rulers, that called themselves the Khalifa of Prophet (P.B.U.H) were some of the cruelest people at that time, even burn-stamping the neck of the Khaas Khadim of Prophet (P.B.U.H), Hazrat Ans (R.A.), what to speak of common Muslims.

Most of the Muslim Scholers (including respected Imam Abu Hanifa, for a few years) were busy in contest of religious knowledge which was purely intellectual and nothing to do with any good to people of Muslim nation. There were two extremes, one following mind was too into non-issues while there was another which start talking with 'Qala Rasool Allah (S.A.W)' and called for immediate acceptance or face death. Finally, Imam was the torch barrier to bring some sense into to the rulers and ruled of that time (for that he took many times regular lashes, imprisonment and finally the death by pioson). His way was to seek just and middle path.

Imam made a Majlis of 40 intelligent and outstanding persons and thus made alive once again the democratic essense of Islam (while kingship was in Muslim state at that time), these Majlis penned down a total of Six Lakh solutions to problems. Whenever a Masla came, there was open discussion with all freedom and majority decesion was penned down. Fiqh Hanafi was very well received, leaving aside Madina (Imam Malik R.A.) and Makkah where there were many other respected Imams, from Sindh to the far boundries of the Asia. In India of that time, Sindh, Kabul and Bukhara etc, no other Ijtehad except that was accepted. Other countries had Shafi and Hanbali dominant but there too this was also present.

Some of the following examples will give some idea about the way of the great Imam of the Muslim world:

- The biggest threat was false Ahadiths,,,, a sect called Zanadqa, manufactured 14,000 Ahadith. There was a group of people that took the philosphies of the Greek and Rome and started inconclusive discussions and added many false Rawayat and Ahadith in the name of Tabaeen. A sharp minded Imam like Hazrat Imam Malik (R.U.), initially penned 10,000 Ahadith but later kept only 600-700 in his writing of Mo'ta. Therefore, Imam Abu Hanifa spent most of his time in research of Ahadith.

- At one side, the warriors of Islam, frrrrom a small place of Arabia, were defeating the establised warriors of that time and also defeating them in the areas of knowledge, intellect and culture. On the other side, intellectually, the nation was starting to suffer from cancer, eating themselves. ( keep in mind that in Europe, Asia and Africa; you could be killed for preaching another religon, Islam, while today's environment is much different in terms of mediums and tolerance. Moreover, the biggest concentartion of Muslims today lives in the countries that never saw a Muslim conquest; Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia. In the Subcontinent too, the people / masses remember the buzurg-gane-deen like Hazrat Data Gunj Baksh (R.U.) and Hazrat Bari Imam etc and not some warrior for their conversion and understanding of Islam. Moreover, in westren world, conquest of another country was not an out-of-fashion thing till World War II and before. )

- Intolerance was in the genes of Arabs,,,, it is the main element of life in a tribal society. Ibne-Saba and his followers didn't had hard time giving air to the fire. It started with the historical / idiomic rivalry of Bani-Hashim and Bani-Umaya and showed up as an open contest after the shahadat of Hazrat Usman (R.A.). After it, the civil wars through out the Muslim history can be attributed to have a starting point from here.

- Till Prophet (P.B.U.H) was alive, peopppple just followed him by simply observing his way of life. One Rawayat says that people only asked total just 17 Masael (Seerat Nauman by Allama Shibli R.A. ) in the whole life of Prophet (P.B.U.H). But later was not the case, as the conquests expanded, and different races converted to Islam, there were new problems. Therefore, it was the time of intense constructive and destructive intellectual thoughts.

- In the fiqh of Imam Abu Hanifa; the sttttarting point for hand-cutting was a theft of One Asharfi (other Imam at that time, said even one fourth of an Asharfi was also liable to be hand-cut). If the thief is a stupid child, it would not be hand-cut (Imam Malik even calls for that child to be punished with hand cutting). The non-Muslims in the Muslim state will not be given the sentense of hand-cutting (other Imams state otherwise). Quran, spoilable items theft is not punishable (other Imam say otherwise).

- In the matter of Women rights, withoutttt any questions asked a women can give the value of Mahar to the Husband and take Khula. If the Khula is due to some fault of husband, the women even need not to pay a single paisa. ( in contrast, Imam Malik R.A. and Imam Shafi R.A. call for a value as asked by Husband in 1st case and also bound the women to pay in the second case.)

- In the matter of Non-Muslims in a Musllllim state, Imam strike hard on the un-Islamic concept of non-Muslim being a low-caste in a Muslim state. He termed Qisas Wajib in the same way, in the case of murder of a non-Muslim, as was in the case of Muslims. In trade, non-Muslims were given same freedom as non-Muslims and levied taxes on them on the same rate as Muslims. The payment of Jazya was according to the economic standing of the non-Muslim and that which cannot be given due to economic hardship was forgiven. They were allowed full religious freedom and thus an air of suspesion mistrust was broken.

- Books and books can be written on his vvaluable work for Muslim Ummah, the Aalim's of this stature are born after centuries. He was a source of inspiration for many reformers and will be till Qayamat. May his soul rest in eternal peace, Amen.

Some Selected Issues For Muslims

Salat (Prayers) :

Bismillah Hir Rahman Nir Raheem
Was Salaat O Salaam O Ala Rasool E Hil Kareem

Wa Alaikum Us Salaam Wa Rahmat Ullah E Wa Barakatohu

Brother, you are correct in your initial understanding. "Negate" means

http://www.dictionary.com/cgi-bin/dict.pl?term=negate ne.gate (n-gt) tr.v. ne.gat.ed, ne.gat.ing, ne.gates
To make ineffective or invalid; nullify.
To rule out; deny. See Synonyms at deny

i.e. One who denies its existence or says that is not a part of Islam or is not required/necessary etc. is the one said to have performed Kufr.

However if a person is not performing regular salaat, he would be a faasiq.

Faqeer recalls reading that Imam E Azam's Fiqh is the easiest to follow in most cases Alhamd O Lillah. Also, recalls reading that this roots back from the Hadith that whosoever does not says his prayers, has "kafara" i.e. performed kufr. Other Aima have used this to say that the person is a real Kafir. Some of the Sahaba E Ikraam Alayhimur Ridwaan have stopped the burial of a person who does not say prayers regularly, in Muslim graveyard saying that because of that person's punishment, the other may not be discomforted. Others have said, the person's Nikaah would be broken etc. Others have said that if the person is inconsistent in following the orders of prayers, prayers being one of the main pillars of Islam, Islam means nothing without them. Thus according to some, the person is proclaiming Islam but denying it by his actions thus (e.g. being a Munafiq/Hypocrite) can be punished/put in jail etc. till the person starts them.

Whereas Imam E Azam Abu Haneefa Rehmat Ullah E Ta Ala Alayh has taken the approach of the Hadith of Hadrat E Abdullah Ibn E Mas'ood Raddi Allah Ho Ta Ala Anho to make ease in following deen. Thus according to Him, He says that the person has done Kufraan e Naimat i.e. meaning that the person has not benefited from the Blessing of Salaat thus has abused this gift from Allah Iz Zo Jall.

Wallahu Aalam Bith Thwaab Wa Rasool Hu ( Sall Allah Ho Alaihe Wa Sallam)

Was Salaam,
Faqeer,
Muaz Ahmed Maqsoodi

Islam, the purpose of our lives!
Islami Roohani Mission
http://www.al-maqsood.org

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