ISRAEL's Secret Services

Mossad :
Formation = 1st Sept. 1951 by PMs directive.
First Chief = Reuben Shiloach, 1951-2.

-- "The best intelligence service in the world" - CIA report.
-- "....Mossad admitted it was to blame after a number of British passports forged by Mossad had been discovered in a West German telephone box. Mossad seems to have a taste for using British passports." (Mossad - Israel's Most Secret Service, Ronald Payne, pp 283-284).
-- When Mossad agents tried unsuccessfuully to pioson a Hamas leader in Jordan, the two agents carried forged Canadian passports.

-- In early 1950s, provided France valuable information about the Algerian independence movement, in return for French co-operation in sharing information about Arabs.
-- Jan. 1955, Cairo, two cell leaders oof Mossad's terrorist network ( 10 men, 1 woman ) were hanged, they targeted British & American targets to sabotage the handing over of Suez canal to Egypt from British.
-- 1965, Paris, aided by French inteelligence service ( without the knowledge of French President ), Mossad agents killed a Moroccan opposition leader Mehdi Ben Barka living in exile.
French put a ban on Military aid to Israel after this affair.
-- Aug. 1966, An Iraqi (Christian) nameed Munir Redfa defected to Israel with his Mig-21 from Mosul through Turkey ( USAF F-4s escorted it ).
-- Before 1967 war, USS Liberty, a CCIA spy ship was attacked by Israeli Mirages, Mysteres & torpedo carrying ships killing 34 and wounding 75 Americans to prevent US to intercept their communications.
-- Dec. 1969, Stole the gunboats> under construction for them in Cherbourg, France when French refused to deliver them.
-- Dec. 1969, Ras Ghaleb naval base of Egypt, launched a helicopter borne special forces raid, and captured a 7 ton "state-of-the-art" radar system, disassembled it, and took it away in helicopters.
-- Helped in Overthrowing Uganda's MMilton Obote and installed Idi Amin.
-- South Africa, close military co-operration with apartheid regime in return for "uranium", when westren countries were boycotting her. There was UN arms embargo but Israel broke that.
-- 1978, sold 50 Kafir fighters bomberss to Taiwan, when US withheld its supplies to Taiwan to reconcile with China.
-- 1980, In a Paris hotel, Prof. Yahia el-Meshad, an Egyptian nuclear scientist working for Iraqi nuclear authority was killed.
-- Feb. 1985, London, 3 Israeli and a Nigerian pleaded guilty in trial at the Old Bailey in the central criminal court of trying to kidnap and smuggle out a Nigerian named Umaru Dikko.
-- 30 Sept. 1986, Mordechai Vanunu, whoo worked in Dimona Nuclear Centre leaked detailed information about it to British "Sunday Times", was abducted from Britain, taken back to Israel through Italy & sentenced to 18 years in prison in March 1988.
-- July 1987, U.K., Ismael Sowann, a Palestinian working for Mossad ( disclosed in trial ), was arrested in Hull, Yorkshire, convicted for possessing arms and ammunition ( explosives, grenades, assault rifles ) and sentenced to 11 years imprisonment.

Further Readings :
-- The Spymasters of Israel, by Stewartt Steven.
-- Mossad - Israel's Most Secret Servicce, by Ronald Payne, CORGI BOOKS.
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Aman military intelligence :
Formation = 1950.
First Chief = Isser Be'eri, 1948-9.
-- 1968, helicopter-borne raid deep intto Egypt to blow up Nile bridges and a power station.
-- 1968, destroyed 9 planes of Middlle East Airlines at Beirut international airport.
-- 1966 Aug., co-operated with Mossad iin geting an Iraqi Mig-21.
-- 1988, PLO headquarters at Hammam Beaach, Tunisia was attacted from sea in which the founding member of Palestinian Fatah, Khalil al-Wazir was killed.
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Shin Beth :
Internal security, Counter-espionage service.
First Chief = Isser Harel 1948-63.
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Sayaret Matkal :
Army special forces unit specializing in small surgical operations, used by Mossad.
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Lekem ( Leshkat Kesher Madao ) - Bureau of Scientific Relations :
Collects scientific and tecnical data particularly about defense equipment & weapon systems.
Official Dissolution = 1986 ( because of Pollard affair ).
Formation = 1957.
First Chief = Binyamin Blumberg, 1957-81.
-- Stole the detailed drawings (( 2 tons + ) of French Mirage aircraft ( Swiss version ) from Switzerland to Germany, then Italy and finally Israel to make their own copy as IAI Kafir.
April 1971, Swiss security arrested Swiss collaborator Alfred Frauenknecht, who was sentenced 4 and a half years imprisonment.
-- 1984 - 87, Jonathan Jay Pollard,< an American Jew in US naval intelligence, was used to spy on America. This affair caught intense media coverage in US. 1987, he was sentenced to life imprisonment and his wife, as his accomplice to five years. An Israeli indicted by US court, Colonel Aviem Sella is still at large, comfortably in Israel.
-- 1988, a spokesman for US Justice Deppartment claimed that sensitive information provided by Pollard (Israeli agent caught in US) including weapons technology and strategic information about defences of Turkey, Pakistan and the moderate Arab countries, including Saudi Arabia, had reached through Israel to Soviet Union, possibly through a mole within Israel. Another view held by some analysts is that Israel ofered it in return for emigration of more Jews to her from USSR.
-- 2000, Jonathan Pollard, the spy who was sentenced to life in prison in 1987 after  pleading guilty to spying for Israel, has, as expected become an important issue in New York's Senate race featuring first lady Hillary Rodham Clinton. Pridictably, Mrs. Clinton has addressed this issue in her typically disingenuous style.
The political background is rather straightforward. The Jewish vote in NewYork will be critical. Mrs. Clinton needs to consolidate this important part of Democratic base. One way to do so would be for President Clinton, responding to the pleas of many American Jewish leaders, to grant clemency to Pollard. They, of course, are not alone. Indeed after denying for years that Pollard ever spied for Israel, in recent years both right-wing and left-wing Israeli governments have embraced Pollard, who was awarded Israeli citizenship in 1995, as a national hero.
In response to an appeal by Pollard, the U.S. Court of appeals upheld his life sentense in 1992.
(The Washington Times, Sept. 23, 2000) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Further Readings :
-- The Invisible Bomb, Barnaby, Frank :: I.B. Tauris, London, 1989.
-- Nest of Spies, by Taheri, Amir : Huttchinson, London, 1988.
-- Israel Undercover, by Posner, Steve : Syracuse University Press, N.Y., USA , 1987.
-- Mossad - Israel's Most Secret Servicce, Ronald Payne, CORGI BOOKS, 1991, pp 195 - 203.
-- World of Secrets, Laqueur, Walter : Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1985.
-- The Spymasters of Israel, by Stewartt Steven, Hodder & Stoughton, 1980.

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