The
solar house system have three principal parts:
The Solar Panels:
The
installation have two solar panels type monocrystalline 95 watios power each
one.
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In
a Solar Panel, the light excites electrons between two caps of silicon
semiconductor material. This produces electrical currents. The voltage
generated change between 0 volts in absence of light and 21 volts wend is
full Sun. In the installation we will connect two panels in series and so we
will be able to reach 42 volts wend full Sun (no charge load). The maximum
current will be around 5,59 Amperes. |
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The batteries:
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The
quantity and the type of batteries depends of the use of the energy in the
house. This project is for a weekend house with very few domestic appliances. This equipment uses
two car batteries of 12 volts and 90 amperes / hour. During
the week the panels charge recharging the batteries. If we have more
consumption in the house, or in case of permanent house, we would need to
install 4 solar panels and 4 batteries instead of two. Precaution:
If batteries manipulation, it is important to ventilate them before
proceeding to give them load and during this. The gas hydrogen that the acid
batteries generate, is explosive and the splashes of the electrolyte may
produce serious burns in the skin.
Also it is necessary look attention at risk of generating sparks. Many
people have the bad habit of trying the state of the battery load with the
curious method of make a spark. This, in one closed environment and
eventually loaded with gases, can provoke a catastrophe. |
Maintenance: It is important to often control the
battery voltage, to know if the Panels and the load regulator works fine. The
proper value must be between 13,7 and 14,7 volts (wend full Sun). It is
necessary to verify the minimal value (13,7 volts) wend consumed house (Inverter and the bulbs ligt on) or value
maximum (14,7 volt) wend no charges activated. If the voltages values are not
fine then it will be necessary to check the load regulator. If we do not this,
the regulator problem will fail the battery. Also the battery never must
present a tension lower than 12,7 volts in opened circuit (no load apply). If
the tension is not raise after the load, we must think that the battery is
defective, also the inverter works during several time but the tension will
falling down gradually (it is probable that any plate of the bathery will be
communicated).
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The consumption of battery distilled water must
not overcome the 100 ml for cell a year. If in all the cells the consumption
is high then the load regulator may have problems but if the consumption is
irregular for cell, probably the problem wil be in the battery. It is important to care the lose of the bathery
power. The life of the batery will be short if lose more than 50 % of load. |
The
load of the battery can be calculated measuring the density of the electrolyte (a
solution of sulphuric acid that exists inside the battery). If the measurement
indicates 1,2 (it mean, a liter of electrolyte weighs 1.200 grams), the battery
have 50 per cent of capacity and only it is capable of generating 12,3 volts of
tension. A density of electrolyte of 1,23 generates 12,48 volts (75 per cent of
capacity). With a density of 1,27 there are reached 12,7 volts of tension
(battery 100 per cent).
Last we can see something about Load regulators and INVERTERS