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| BIRTH: | 1861 |
| MARRIAGE: | Marriage registered in September quarter of 1880 in Houghton-le-Spring, County Durham |
| DEATH: | No details |
| KNOWN ADDRESSES: |
55 Mary Street, Tunstall, Sunderland - 1895 56 Mary Street, Tunstall, Sunderland - 1901 |
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Maria Cottrell was born in approximately 1860, in Wingate, Durham. I don't know who her parents were or if she had any siblings. Maria married John Johnson in Houghton-le-Spring, County Durham in 1880. Their two eldest children were born in Brandon, Durham around 1886 to 1888. By the time of the birth of their only known son, Benny in 1890, they were living in Ryhope, Sunderland. A year later they appeared to move to Tunstall, New Silksworth as their daughter Maria is born there in 1891. They have a further three daughters born in New Silksworth, the last being Frances in either 1900 or 1901. Maria's husband, John, records his occupation as a coal miner in Ryhope Colliery in all census records and I don't know when either died. |
 Maria, married to John in the 1901 census |
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1858 - EDWARD GEORGE GEOFFREY SMITH STANLEY, EARL OF DERBY (Conservative) becomes Prime Minister for the second time. 1859 - HENRY JOHN TEMPLE, VISCOUNT PALMERSTON (Liberal) becomes Prime Minister for the second time. 1859 – CHARLES DARWIN PUBLISHES HIS GREAT WORK, “ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION” to diverse public opinion. In it he puts forth the view that animals are not created individually, but rather, that they evolve through a process he calls natural selection. 1861 – OUTBREAK OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR. Though having no direct affect on Britain since America had severed colonial ties, the lack of raw cotton shipped from North America to Northern England sent many into unemployment. 1865 - EARL JOHN RUSSELL (Liberal) becomes Prime Minister for the second time. 1866 - EDWARD GEORGE GEOFFREY SMITH STANLEY, EARL OF DERBY (Conservative) becomes Prime Minister for the third time. 1867 – SECOND REFORM BILL OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS gave the vote to most urban male workers. 1868 – BENJAMIN DISRAELI, EARL OF BEACONSFIELD (Conservative) becomes Prime Minister. 1868 – WILLIAM GLADSTONE (Liberal) becomes Prime Minister. 1870 – EDUCATION ACT IS PASSED providing the establishment of government schools and for compulsory education. 1874 - BENJAMIN DISRAELI, EARL OF BEACONSFIELD (Conservative) becomes Prime Minister for the second time. 1876 – ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL SENDS A VOICE MESSAGE AND THE TELEPHONE IS INVENTED. The first words that were clearly heard by the recipient were, “Watson, come here, I want you”, heard by his assistant, Mr Watson in Brantford, Ontario, Canada. 1880 - WILLIAM GLADSTONE (Liberal) becomes Prime Minister for the second time. 1884 – FURTHER REFORMS OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS gives the vote to almost all adult males. 1885 – ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNE-CECIL, MARQUIS OF SALISBURY (Conservative) becomes Prime Minister. 1886 - WILLIAM GLADSTONE (Liberal) becomes Prime Minister for the third time. 1886 - ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNE-CECIL, MARQUIS OF SALISBURY (Conservative) becomes Prime Minister for the second time. 1892 - WILLIAM GLADSTONE (Liberal) becomes Prime Minister for the fourth time. 1894 – ARCHIBALD PHILIP PRIMROSE, EARL OF ROSEBERY (Liberal) becomes Prime Minister. 1895 - ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNE-CECIL, MARQUIS OF SALISBURY (Conservative) becomes Prime Minister for the third time. 1899 – BRITAIN ENTERS THE BOER WAR in South Africa against Dutch and German forces. The war lasts until 1902. Popular opinion at home is against the war and the effect is that further colonial expansion is not favored. 1901 – EDWARD VII ASCENDS THE THRONE following the death of his mother, Queen Victoria, Britain’s longest serving monarch. Edward is the eldest son of Victoria and Albert and marks the start of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. 1902 – ARTHUR JAMES BALFOUR (Conservative) becomes Prime Minister. 1905 – SIR HENRY CAMPBELL-BANNERMAN (Liberal) becomes Prime Minister. 1908 – HERBERT HENRY ASQUITH (Liberal) becomes Prime Minister. 1910 – GEORGE V ASCENDS THE THRONE following the death of his father, Edward VII. George is Edward’s second son. 1914 – BILL GRANTING HOME RULE TO IRELAND BECOME LAW. 1914 – WORLD WAR I, the Great War, starts. 1916 – DAVID LLOYD GEORGE (Liberal) becomes Prime Minister. 1917 – GEORGE V CHANGES THE NAME OF THE ROYAL HOUSE FROM SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA TO WINDSOR. 1918 – UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE ACT PASSED giving the vote to women over thirty years old. 1918 – WORLD WAR I ENDS. 1920 – GOVERNMENT OF IRELAND ACT PASSED, superseding an earlier unacceptable act. Six of the nine counties of Ulster are to be known as Northern Ireland while the other three and the provinces of Connaught, Munster and Leinster are to form the Irish Free State. Northern Ireland is given its own parliament and permitted to send representatives to Westminster while the Irish Free State is given a similar status to that of Britain’s commonwealth. The Irish Free State ceases to be part of the United Kingdom from early 1922. 1922 – ANDREW BONAR LAW (Conservative) becomes Prime Minister. 1923 – ALBERT EINSTEIN’S THEORY OF RELATIVITY discards the concept of absolute motion and instead treats only relative motion between two systems or frames of reference. One consequence of the theory is that space and time are no longer viewed as separate, independent entities but rather are seen to form a four-dimensional continuum called space-time. Einstein also sought unsuccessfully for many years to incorporate the theory into a unified field theory valid also for subatomic and electromagnetic phenomena. 1923 – STANLEY BALDWIN (Conservative) becomes Prime Minister. 1924 – JAMES MACDONALD (Labour) becomes Prime Minister. 1926 – DECLARATION MADE AT THE IMPERIAL CONFERENCE stating that all the nations of the British Commonwealth of Nations, notably UK, Canada, Australia, the Irish Free State, South Africa, New Zealand and Newfoundland, were equal in status, each independent of the others but uniting under a common crown. 1928 – UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE FINALLY ACHIEVED IN 1928, when women were given exactly the same voting rights as males. 1929 – GREAT DEPRESSION EFFECTS BRITAIN after a long period of economic stagnation after the war. 1935 – STANLEY BALDWIN (Conservative) becomes Prime Minister. 1936 – EDWARD VIII ASCENDS THE THRONE following the death of his father George V. 1936 – EDWARD VIII ABDICATES THE THRONE TO MARRY MRS SIMPSON. Edward becomes the Duke of Windsor. 1936 – GEORGE VI ASCENDS THE THRONE following the abdication of his brother, Edward VIII. 1937 – ARTHUR NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN (Conservative) becomes Prime Minister. 1939 – GERMANY INVADES POLAND AND GREAT BRITAIN ENTERS WORLD WAR II. |