Let the Bloody Truth Be Told:
A Chronology of U.S. Imperialism

 

Sometimes They Tell the Truth:

"The hidden hand of the market will never work without a hidden fist -- McDonald's cannot flourish without McDonnell-Douglas, the designer of the F-15. And the hidden fist that keeps the world safe for Silicon Valley's technologies is called the US Army, Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps."

-- Thomas Friedman, "A Manifesto for the Fast World", New York Times Magazine, March 28, 1999

"We have 50 percent of the world's wealth, but only 6.3 percent of its population. . . In this situation we cannot fail to be the object of envy and resentment. Our real task in the coming period is to devise a pattern of relationships which will allow us to maintain this position of disparity. We should cease to talk about the raising of the living standards, human rights, and democratization. The day is not far off when we are going to have to deal in straight power concepts. The less we are then hampered by idealistic slogans, the better."

-- George Kennan, Director of Policy Planning of the U.S. Dept. of State, 1948

"War is just a racket. A racket is best described, I believe, as something that is not what it seems to the majority of people. Only a small inside group knows what it is about. It is conducted for the benefit of the very few at the expense of the masses.

I believe in adequate defense at the coastline and nothing else. If a nation comes over here to fight, then we'll fight. The trouble with America is that when the dollar only earns 6 percent over here, then it gets restless and goes overseas to get 100 percent. Then the flag follows the dollar and the soldiers follow the flag.

I wouldn't go to war again as I have done to protect some lousy investment of the bankers. There are only two things we should fight for. One is the defense of our homes and the other is the Bill of Rights. War for any other reason is simply a racket.

There isn't a trick in the racketeering bag that the military gang is blind to. It has its "finger men" to point out enemies, its "muscle men" to destroy enemies, its "brain men" to plan war preparations, and a "Big Boss" Super-Nationalistic-Capitalism.

It may seem odd for me, a military man to adopt such a comparison. Truthfulness compels me to. I spent thirty-three years and four months in active military service as a member of this country's most agile military force, the Marine Corps. I served in all commissioned ranks from Second Lieutenant to Major-General. And during that period, I spent most of my time being a high class muscle-man for Big Business, for Wall Street and for the Bankers. In short, I was a racketeer, a gangster for capitalism.

I suspected I was just part of a racket at the time. Now I am sure of it. Like all the members of the military profession, I never had a thought of my own until I left the service. My mental faculties remained in suspended animation while I obeyed the orders of higher-ups. This is typical with everyone in the military service.

I helped make Mexico, especially Tampico, safe for American oil interests in 1914. I helped make Haiti and Cuba a decent place for the National City Bank boys to collect revenues in. I helped in the raping of half a dozen Central American republics for the benefits of Wall Street. The record of racketeering is long. I helped purify Nicaragua for the international banking house of Brown Brothers in 1909-1912 (where have I heard that name before?). I brought light to the Dominican Republic for American sugar interests in 1916. In China I helped to see to it that Standard Oil went its way unmolested.

During those years, I had, as the boys in the back room would say, a swell racket. Looking back on it, I feel that I could have given Al Capone a few hints. The best he could do was to operate his racket in three districts. I operated on three continents."

-- Excerpt from a speech delivered in 1933 by Major General Smedley Butler, USMC

=====================================================================================

TERRORISM: A CENTURY OF U.S. MILITARY INTERVENTIONS
[From Wounded Knee to Afghanistan]
Compiled by Zoltan Grossman

The following is a partial list of U.S. military interventions from1890 to 1999.  This guide does NOT include:

Demonstration duty by military police
Mobilizations of the National Guard
Offshore shows of naval strength
Reinforcements of embassy personnel
The use of non-Defense Department personnel (such as the DEA)
Military exercises
Non-combat mobilizations
The permanent stationing of armed forces
Covert actions where the U.S. did not play a command and control role
The use of small hostage rescue units
Most uses of proxy troops; U.S. piloting of foreign warplanes
Foreign disaster assistance
Military training and advisory programs not involving direct combat
Civic action programs and many other military activities
 

Among sources used, besides news reports, are:

  The Congressional Record (23 June 1969),
  180 Landings by the U.S. Marine Corps History Division,
  Ege & Makhijani in Counterspy (July-Aug. 1982),
  Daniel Ellsberg in Protest & Survive.
  "Instances of Use of United States Forces Abroad, 1798-1993"
           by Ellen C. Collier of the Library of Congress Congressional Research Service.

 SOUTH DAKOTA 1890 (-?) Troops 300 Lakota Indians massacred atWounded Knee.

 ARGENTINA 1890 Troops Buenos Aires interests protected.

 CHILE 1891 Troops Marines clash with nationalist rebels.

 HAITI 1891 Troops Black workers revolt on U.S.-claimed NavassaIsland defeated.

 IDAHO 1892 Troops Army suppresses silver miners' strike.

 HAWAII 1893 (-?) Naval, troops Independent kingdom overthrown,annexed.

 CHICAGO 1894 Troops Breaking of rail strike, 34 killed.

 NICARAGUA 1894 Troops Month-long occupation of Bluefields.

 CHINA 1894-95 Naval, troops Marines land in Sino-Japanese War.

 KOREA 1894-96 Troops Marines kept in Seoul during war.

 PANAMA 1895 Troops, naval Marines land in Colombian province.

 NICARAGUA 1896 Troops Marines land in port of Corinto.

 CHINA 1898-1900 Troops Boxer Rebellion fought by foreign armies.

 PHILIPPINES 1898-1910(-?) Naval, troops Seized from Spain, killed600,000 Filipinos.

 CUBA 1898-1902(-?) Naval, troops Seized from Spain, still holdNavy base.

 PUERTO RICO 1898(-?) Naval, troops Seized from Spain, occupationcontinues.

 GUAM 1898(-?) Naval, troops Seized from Spain, still use as base.

 MINNESOTA 1898(-?) Troops Army battles Chippewa at Leech Lake.

 NICARAGUA 1894 Troops Month-long occupation of Bluefields.

 CHINA 1894-95 Naval, troops Marines land in Sino-Japanese War.

 KOREA 1894-96 Troops Marines kept in Seoul during war.

 PANAMA 1895 Troops, naval Marines land in Colombian province.

 NICARAGUA 1896 Troops Marines land in port of Corinto.

 CHINA 1898-1900 Troops Boxer Rebellion fought by foreign armies.

 PHILIPPINES 1898-1910(-?) Naval, troops Seized from Spain, killed600,000 Filipinos.

 CUBA 1898-1902(-?) Naval, troops Seized from Spain, still holdNavy base.

 PUERTO RICO 1898(-?) Naval, troops Seized from Spain, occupationcontinues.

 GUAM 1898(-?) Naval, troops Seized from Spain, still use as base.

 MINNESOTA 1898(-?) Troops Army battles Chippewa at Leech Lake.

 NICARAGUA 1898 Troops Marines land at port of San Juan del Sur.

 SAMOA 1899(-?) Troops Battle over succession to throne.

 NICARAGUA 1899 Troops Marines land at port of Bluefields.

 IDAHO 1899-1901 Troops Army occupies Coeur d'Alene mining region.

 OKLAHOMA 1901 Troops Army battles Creek Indian revolt.

 PANAMA 1901-14 Naval, troops Broke off from Colombia 1903, annexedCanal Zone 1914-99.

 HONDURAS 1903 Troops Marines intervene in revolution.

 DOMINICAN REP. 1903-04 Troops U.S. interests protected in Revolution.

 KOREA 1904-05 Troops Marines land in Russo-Japanese War.

 CUBA 1906-09 Troops Marines land in democratic election.

 NICARAGUA 1907 Troops "Dollar Diplomacy" protectorate set up.

 HONDURAS 1907 Troops Marines land during war with Nicaragua.

 PANAMA 1908 Troops Marines intervene in election contest.

 NICARAGUA 1910 Troops Marines land in Bluefields and Corinto.

 HONDURAS 1911 Troops U.S. interests protected in civil war.

 CHINA 1911-41 Naval, troops Continuous occupation with flare-ups.

 CUBA 1912 Troops U.S. interests protected in Havanna.

 PANAMA 19l2 Troops Marines land during heated election.

 HONDURAS 19l2 Troops Marines protect U.S. economic interests.

 NICARAGUA 1912-33 Troops, bombing 20-year occupation, fought guerrillas.

 MEXICO 19l3 Naval Americans evacuated during revolution.

 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 1914 Naval Fight with rebels over Santo Domingo.

 COLORADO 1914 Troops Breaking of miners' strike by Army.

 MEXICO 1914-18 Naval, troops Series of interventions against nationalists.

 HAITI 1914-34 Troops, bombing 19-year occupation after revolts.

 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 1916-24 Troops 8-year Marine occupation.

 CUBA 1917-33 Troops Military occupation, economic protectorate.

 WORLD WAR I 19l7-18 Naval, troops Ships sunk, fought Germany

 RUSSIA 1918-22 Naval, troops Five landings to fight Bolsheviks.

 PANAMA 1918-20 Troops "Police duty" during unrest after elections.

 YUGOSLAVIA 1919 Troops Marines intervene for Italy against Serbsin Dalmatia.

 HONDURAS 1919 Troops Marines land during election campaign.

 GUATEMALA 1920 Troops 2-week intervention against unionists.

 WEST VIRGINIA 1920-21 Troops, bombing Army intervenes againstmineworkers.

 TURKEY 1922 Troops Fought nationalists in Smyrna (Izmir).

 CHINA 1922-27 Naval, troops Deployment during nationalist revolt.

 HONDURAS 1924-25 Troops Landed twice during election strife.

 PANAMA 1925 Troops Marines suppress general strike.

 CHINA 1927-34 Troops Marines stationed throughout the country.

 EL SALVADOR 1932 Naval Warships sent during Faribundo Marti revolt.

 WASHINGTON DC 1932 Troops Army stops WWI vet bonus protest.

 WORLD WAR II 1941-45 Naval,troops, bombing, nuclear Fought Axisfor 3 years;  Over 200,000 civilian casualties in 1st  nuclearstrikes.

 DETROIT 1943 Troops Army puts down Black rebellion.

 IRAN 1946 Nuclear threat Soviet troops told to leave north (IranianAzerbaijan).

 YUGOSLAVIA 1946 Naval Response to shooting-down of U.S. plane.

 URUGUAY 1947 Nuclear threat Bombers deployed as show of strength.

 GREECE 1947-49 Command operation U.S. directs extreme-right incivil war.

 CHINA 1948-49 Troops Marines evacuate Americans before Communistvictory.

 GERMANY 1948 Nuclear threat Atomic-capable bombers guard BerlinAirlift.

 PHILIPPINES 1948-54 Command operation CIA directs war againstHuk Rebellion.

 PUERTO RICO 1950 Command operation Independence rebellion crushedin Ponce.

 KOREA 1950-53 Troops, naval, bombing, nuclear threats U.S.&South Korea fight China & North Korea to stalemate; A-bomb threat in1950, & vs. China in 1953.  Still have bases.

 IRAN 1953 Command operation CIA overthrows democracy, installsShah.

 VIETNAM 1954 Nuclear threat Bombs offered to French to use againstsiege.

 GUATEMALA 1954 Command operation, bombing, nuclear threat CIAdirects exile invasion after new gov't nationalizes U.S. company lands;bombers based in Nicaragua.

 EGYPT 1956 Nuclear threat, troops Soviets told to keep out ofSuez crisis; marines evacuate foreigners

 LEBANON 1958 Troops, naval Marine occupation against rebels.

 IRAQ 1958 Nuclear threat Iraq warned against invading Kuwait.

 CHINA 1958 Nuclear threat China told not to move on Taiwan isles.

 PANAMA 1958 Troops Flag protests erupt into confrontation.

 VIETNAM 1960-75 Troops, naval, bombing, nuclear threats FoughtSouth Vietnam revolt & North Vietnam; 1-2 million killed in longestU.S. war; atomic bomb threats in 1968 and 1969.

 CUBA 1961 Command operation CIA-directed exile invasion fails.

 GERMANY 1961 Nuclear threat Alert during Berlin Wall crisis.

 CUBA 1962 Nuclear threat Naval Blockade during missile crisis;near-war with USSR.

 LAOS 1962 Command operation Military buildup during guerrillawar.

 PANAMA 1964 Troops Panamanians shot for urging canal's return.

 INDONESIA 1965 Command operation Million killed in CIA-assistedarmy coup.

 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 1965-66 Troops, bombing Marines land duringelection campaign.

 GUATEMALA 1966-67 Command operation Green Berets intervene againstrebels.

 DETROIT 1967 Troops Army battles Blacks, 43 killed.

 UNITED STATES 1968 Troops After King is shot; over 21,000 soldiersin cities.

 CAMBODIA 1969-75 Bombing, troops, naval Up to 2 million killedin decade of bombing, starvation, and political chaos.

 OMAN 1970 Command operation U.S. directs Iranian marine invasion.

 LAOS 1971-73 Command operation, bombing U.S. directs South Vietnameseinvasion; "carpet-bombs" countryside.

 SOUTH DAKOTA 1973 Command operation Army directs Wounded Kneesiege of Lakotas.

 MIDEAST 1973 Nuclear threat World-wide alert during Mideast War.

 CHILE 1973 Command operation CIA-backed coup ousts elected marxistpresident.

 CAMBODIA 1975 Troops, bombing Gas captured ship, 28 die in coptercrash.

 ANGOLA 1976-92 Command operation CIA assists South African-backedrebels.

 IRAN 1980 Troops, nuclear threat, aborted bombing Raid to rescueEmbassy hostages;  8 troops die in copter-plane crash.  Sovietswarned not to get involved in revolution.

 LIBYA 1981 Naval jets Two Libyan jets shot down in maneuvers.

 EL SALVADOR 1981-92 Command operation, troop advisors, overflightsaid anti-rebel war, soldiers briefly involved in hostage clash.

 NICARAGUA 1981-90 Command operation, naval CIA directs exile (Contra)invasions, plants harbor mines against revolution.

 LEBANON 1982-84 Naval, bombing, troops Marines expel PLO and backPhalangists, Navy bombs and shells Muslim and Syrian positions.

 HONDURAS 1983-89 Troops Maneuvers help build bases near borders.

 GRENADA 1983-84 Troops, bombing invasion four years after revolution.

 IRAN 1984 Jets Two Iranian jets shot down over Persian Gulf.

 LIBYA 1986 Bombing, naval Air strikes to topple nationalist gov't.

 BOLIVIA 1986 Troops Army assists raids on cocaine region.

 IRAN 1987-88 Naval, bombing US intervenes on side of Iraq in war.

 LIBYA 1989 Naval jets Two Libyan jets shot down.

 VIRGIN ISLANDS 1989 Troops St. Croix Black unrest after storm.

 PHILIPPINES 1989 Jets Air cover provided for government againstcoup.

 PANAMA 1989-90 Troops, bombing Nationalist government ousted by27,000 soldiers, leaders arrested, 2000+ killed.

 LIBERIA 1990 Troops Foreigners evacuated during civil war.

 SAUDI ARABIA 1990-91 Troops, jets Iraq countered after invadingKuwait; 540,000 troops also stationed in Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, UAE, Israel.

 IRAQ 1990-? Bombing, troops, naval Blockade of Iraqi and Jordanianports, air strikes; 200,000+ killed in invasion of Iraq and Kuwait; no-flyzone over Kurdish north, Shiite south, large-scale destruction of Iraqimilitary.

 KUWAIT 1991 Naval, bombing, troops Kuwait royal family returnedto throne.

 LOS ANGELES 1992 Troops Army, Marines deployed against anti-policeuprising.

 SOMALIA 1992-94 Troops, naval, bombing U.S.-led United Nationsoccupation during civil war; raids against one Mogadishu faction.

 YUGOSLAVIA 1992-94 Naval Nato blockade of Serbia and Montenegro.

 BOSNIA 1993-95 Jets, bombing No-fly zone patrolled in civil war;downed jets, bombed Serbs.

 HAITI 1994-96 Troops, naval Blockade against military government;troops restore President Aristide to office three years after coup.

 CROATIA 1995 Bombing Krajina Serb airfields attacked before Croatianoffensive.

 ZAIRE (CONGO) 1996-97 Troops Marines at Rwandan Hutu refuge camps,in area where Congo revolution begins.

 LIBERIA 1997 Troops Soldiers under fire during evacuation of foreigners.

 ALBANIA 1997 Troops Soldiers under fire during evacuation of foreigners.

 SUDAN 1998 Missiles Attack on pharmaceutical plant alleged tobe "terrorist" nerve gas plant.

 Over 30, 000 civilian casualties. US blocks UN war-crimes inquiryat the security council.

 AFGHANISTAN 1998 Missiles Attack on former CIA training campsused by Islamic fundamentalist groups alleged to have attacked embassies.

 IRAQ 1998-? Bombing, Missiles Four days of intensive air strikesafter weapons inspectors allege Iraqi obstructions.

 YUGOSLAVIA 1999-? Bombing, Missiles Heavy NATO air strikes afterSerbia declines to withdraw from Kosovo.

 YEMEN 2000 Naval Suicide bomb attack on USS Cole.

 MACEDONIA 2001 Troops NATO troops shift and partially disarm Albanianrebels.

 UNITED STATES 2001 Jets, naval Response to hijacking attacks.

 AFGHANISTAN 2001 Massive U.S. mobilization to attack Taliban,Bin Laden.  War could expand to Iraq, Sudan, and beyond.
 
 

Since the second world war THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT has bombed21 countries

China 1945-46, 1950-53
Korea 1950-53
Guatemala 1954, 1960, 1967-69
Indonesia 1958
Cuba 1959-61
Congo 1964
Peru 1965
Laos 1964-73
Vietnam 1961-73
Cambodia 1969-70
Lebanon 1983-84
Grenada 1983
Libya 1986
El Salvador 1980s
Nicaragua 1980s
Panama 1989
Bosnia 1985
Sudan 1998
Former Yugoslavia 1999
Iraq 1991-20??
Afghanistan 1998, 2001-02
 
 

Post-World War Two US Foreign Interventions
[Another Listing of Interventions Only Since 1945]

World History.com
http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/L/List-of-U.S.-foreign-interventions-since-1945.htm
 

1950s:

Funding of French Indochina War from 1945 until 1954.

Korean War from 1950 until 1953: After communist North Koreans invadeSouth
Korea, the UN, with every nation voting "yea" except for Yugoslavia,which
abstained, approves military support for South Korea, involving overa dozen
countries including the US.

U.S. (CIA) and UK (MI-6) succeed in removal of Prime Minister Mohammed
Mossadegh of Iran (Operation Ajax) - 1953.
http://www.nytimes.com/library/world/mideast/041600iran-cia-index.html

Food for Peace is established in 1954. Since the program started, ithas
sent over 100 million metric tons of American food to 150 countries,or
about 3 billion people. This program with other US programs accountfor 60%
of the world's total food aid.

CIA-orchestrated overthrow of Jacobo Arbenz Guzman in Guatemala (Operation
PBSUCCESS) - 1954.

U.S. support for President Ngo Dinh Diem of Vietnam from 1955-1963.
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB101/

Lebanon crisis of 1958: The US assisted President Camille Chamoun when
Pan-Arbists advocated by Egypt's president, Gamal Abdel Nasser, attemptedto
overthrow the Lebanese government.

After the Chinese bombing of ancient monasteries at Chatreng and Litangthat
housed thousands of civilans in 1956 which violated the Plan for the
Peaceful Liberation of Tibet, the CIA aided Chushi Gandrug and Tensung
Dhanglang Magar's resistance movement.

U.S. support for Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista (amongst others against
Marxist insurgents) until his unpopularity and impending overthrowbecomes
clear in 1959.

Two assassination attempts of general Abdul Karim Qassim, presidentof Iraq,
1959 and 1963 (the second one succeeded).

1960s:

Peace Corps, an independent U.S. federal agency, was established in1961.
Within six years, Peace Corp was involved in education and agriculture
related projects of 55 Third World countries. Over the years, the Peace
Corps has expanded its mission to include improving education, healthand
HIV/AIDS, business, information technology, agriculture, and the environment
in about 80 developing and underdeveloped countries and nations witha
developing economy.

U.S.-backed abortive Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba in 1961.

CIA planning to assassinate Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba of the Congoand
alleged involvement in his death.
http://www.wsws.org/articles/2001/jan2001/lum-j10.shtml
http://www.wsws.org/articles/2002/mar2002/carl-m15.shtml Belgium hassince
officially apologized for its own role in the affair.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1805546.stm

CIA involvement in the assassination of Rafael Lesnidas Trujillo, their
former ally in the Dominican Republic, in 1961
http://history-matters.com/archive/church/reports/ir/contents.htm
http://history-matters.com/archive/church/reports/ir/pdf/ChurchIR_3D_Trujillo.pdf

Alleged CIA involvement in overthrow of Juan Bosch, the democratically
elected leader of the Dominican Republic.
http://www.cooperativeresearch.org/timeline.jsp?timeline=dominican_republic

Alleged CIA-backed overthrow of Josi Marma Velasco Ibarra of Ecuadorin
1963.

U.S. backs coup against South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem in1963.
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB101/index.htm

CIA-backed overthrow of Joco Goulart in Brazil in 1964.
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB118/index.htm
http://www.cooperativeresearch.org/timeline.jsp?timeline=brazil

CIA covert support for the election of Eduardo Frei Montalva of Chilein
1964.

Alleged CIA-backed overthrow of Sukarno and subsequent support of Suhartoin
Indonesia in 1965. Former officials of the U.S. Embassy in Indonesia
acknowledge supplying a list of 5,000 suspected communists -- givento them
by the CIA -- to the Indonesian government and checking them off thelist
when those people were executed. The U.S. government also supplied90% of
Indonesia's military hardware. http://www.namebase.org/kadane.html
http://www.namebase.org/scott.html

Vietnam War - (1964-1975)

Funding for the conservative, pro-Western Botswana Democratic Party

Involvement in riots and violence that brought down the government ofCheddi
Jagan in Guyana.

Alleged CIA-backed military coup brings dictator Joseph Mobutu to powerin
the Congo in 1965.

Alleged CIA support to military coup against Ghanaian leader Kwame Nkrumah
in 1966.

Alleged CIA-backed military coup ushers in Regime of the Colonels inGreece
in 1967.

American support for Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War.

CIA-organized military operation ends in execution of Che Guevara inBolivia
in 1967.

CIA involvement in the Tlatelolco massacre in Mexico, 1968

Beginning in 1968 the US bombed the Ho Chi Minh trail in Laos and Cambodia
to disrupt the logistical support given to the Viet Cong by the North
Vietnamese Army

1970s:

Alleged CIA-supported coup against Prince Sihanouk in Cambodia in 1970.

Alleged CIA-supported military coup against President Juan Josi Torresof
Bolivia in 1971.

Support for Pakistan in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War.

Alleged CIA corruption of the 1972 Australian election.

1973: Political and economic intervention in Chile against president
Salvador Allende; contacts with military officers planning to overthrow
Allende.

Support for Indonesian invasion and occupation of Portuguese Timor (nowEast
Timor)(1975).

CIA support for UNITA rebels in Angola, from 1976 - 1984.

Alleged corruption of 1976 Portuguese Election.

Alleged corruption of 1976 Jamaican Election.

Approval and support for Argentina's "Dirty War". (1976-1983)

U.S. backs Salvadoran Armed Forces, civil-military junta, and PresidentJosi
Napolesn Duarte during country's civil war, (1979-89).
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/2147888.stm

Following overthrow of the dictator Anastasio Somoza Debayle in Nicaraguaby
the Sandinistas, the CIA supports the Contras from 1979 - 1989.
http://www.cooperativeresearch.org/timeline.jsp?timeline=nicaragua

Support of armed opposition parties, including Khmer Rouge, to
Vietnamese-installed regime of Heng Samrin in Cambodia, 1979-1993.

Alleged American intervention in civil war in Yemen, from 1979-1984.

1980s:

Alleged support for Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceaucescu, 1980's.

CIA support for Josi Napolesn Duarte (El Salvador) and other anti-Communist
politicians alleged to have links with right-wing death squads.

Provision of military assistance to Hisshne Habri of Chad, leading tothe
overthrow of Libya-supported neutralist Goukouni Oueddei.

Sale of small arms and weapons production materials to Iraq during the
Iran-Iraq War

Sale of arms to Iran (see IranContra Affair)

Training of Nicaraguan Contras and support to military regimes in Honduras,
Guatemala, Panama, and South America during the 1980s (Operation Condor).

Alleged CIA support to Gwangju Massacre in 1980.

Alleged CIA and South African backing to a coup attempt in the Seychellesin
1981.

American support for Israel in the 1982 Lebanon War.

Support for military dictator Eframn Rmos Montt in Guatemala; AllegedCIA
support for the coup that brought him into power.

Invasion of Grenada, overthrow of Marxist government and assassinationof
Maurice Bishop (Operation Urgent Fury) - 1983.

Afghanistan: Under CIA Director George H W Bush, provided funds, training
and weapons (mainly Stinger missiles to thwart Soviet air superiority
- they were the real reason why the mujahadeen won the war) with helpof
other organisations (most of them are now 'terrorist' organisations)and the
Pakistani ISI (secret services)

Alleged involvement in the mysterious death of Samora Machel, Presidentof
Mozambique (1986).

Support to coup against Timoci Bavadra, democratically elected Prime
Minister of Fiji in 1987.

In 1989, US establishes Support for East European Democracy to helpassist
Poland and Hungary's transition into market-based democracies.

Operation Just Cause: In late 1989, the US invaded Panama and arrested
Manuel Noriega for drug trafficking after a U.S. Marine was killedand
Noriega declared war against the US.

1990s:

Beginning in December 1989 until 1996 when the Liberian civil war ended,the
United States attempted to get UN involved in negotations. The UN refused.
Meanwhile, the US provided humanitarian aid, including food and
developmental aid.

Intervention in Colombian civil war, 1990's

Corruption of elections in Bulgaria in 1990 and in Albania in 1991
http://members.aol.com/bblum6/bulgaria.htm.

1990: Funding to the opposition presidential candidate, Violeta Barriosde
Chamorro, in Sandinista-ruled Nicaragua. Chamorro won the election.

After Iraq invades Kuwait in 1990, King Fahd, fearing Saudi Arabia wouldbe
Saddam Hussein's next target, invites U.S. troops to use the countryas a
base.

UN-led Gulf War following Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, 1991

When Mount Pinatubo erupted in 1991, the Volcano Disaster AssistanceProgram
helped evacuate 75,000 people and $250 million to $375 million worthof
equipment.

Alleged U.S. Support for ousting Jean-Bertrand Aristide from Haiti,1991
http://members.aol.com/bblum6/haiti2.htm.

U.S.-led UN sanctions against Iraq, from 1990 to 2003.

The FREEDOM Support Act in 1992 amends Support for East European Democracy
to include the new independent states of the former Soviet Union toaid
their transition into market-based democracies.

Operation Provide Relief, a 1992 US-led humanitarian relief for Somalia.
After looting of the aid, it was reorganized as Operation Restore Hope,an
American military operation with the support of the United Nationsto
deliver humanitarian aid and restore order to Somalia, that eventuallylead
to the Battle of Mogadishu in 1993.

U.S. removal of Raoul Cedras from office in Haiti and temporary occupation
of the country, 1993.

Alleged support for Mexico in fighting the Zapatista Army of National
Liberation, 1994.

NATO bombing of Bosnian Serbs, 1995.

Responding to the 1995 flood in North Korea that caused a famine, theUS
initially provided over $8 million in general humanitarian (China wasthe
only country to initially contribute more aid). However, eight yearslater,
the US has provided $644 million in aid to the country which comprises
nearly 50% of the aid going to North Korea.

U.S.-led bombing campaign, called Operation Desert Fox, against Iraqin
enforcement of the UN designated No-Fly zones created to protect Kurdsand
Marsh Arabs, 1998.

Operation Infinite Reach: a US cruise missile strike on "terrorist bases"
and targets in Afghanistan and Sudan, including the Al-Shifa pharmaceutical
factory, after al Qaeda bombed two US ebassies in 1998.

NATO's bombing of Serbia in the Kosovo Conflict. Officially aimed at
preventing ethnic cleansing of Albanians, 1999. During this bombingthe
Chinese embassy was hit. Some say this was done deliberately
http://www.fair.org/activism/embassy-bombing.html.

2000s:

U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, overthrow of Taliban when the government
refuse to deliver Al-Qaida leaders located in the country after the
September 11th attacks in 2001.

The Hague Invasion Act, 2002.

Alleged CIA-backed abortive coup against democratically-elected President
Hugo Chavez of Venezuela in 2002.
http://www.cooperativeresearch.org/timeline.jsp?timeline=venezuela

U.S. Invasion of Iraq, overthrow of Saddam Hussein, 2003

American support in the overthrow of President Jean-Bertrand Aristideof
Haiti in 2004. (see: 2004 Haiti rebellion)

Interference in Salvadoran presidential election. US threatened to take
reprisals if the country would elect the socialist candidate SchafikHandal,
2004.

2004: Support to the Venezuelan opposition in the run-up to the referendum
on Hugo Chavez' rule. Many elements were linked to the above-mentionedcoup
in 2002.

Alleged support (along with Spain and Britain) for a failed coup plot
against Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea in 2004.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,1313571,00.html

Beyond these interventions, the United States has developed a greatdeal of
economic influence over many developing states. Some claim that the
International Monetary Fund and the World Bank have assisted American
foreign policy in this area. (If correct, this would also require the
implicit co-operation of other countries, as the US has only 18% ofthe
IMF's voting rights. http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/members.htm)