1. In order to reason we must first know where our knowledge comes from so that we can perceive its values and interpret the truth of the facts. In order to reason we must not commit any of the five thinking errors and we must know the facts, remember the principle of contradiction, define our terms, be intellectually humble, and look for different perspectives. We must perceive the facts about what we are talkeing about and categorize the facts so we recognize and understand what our knowledge has to do with. We must evaluate the facts for what they are worth and not just accept what we hear as the truth. We must symbolize what we are saying by explaining exaclty what we mean in words in order for other people to understand. Finally we must constantly test our beliefs and be humble enough to see that we are wrong and admit it.

2.

• Be intellectually humble
  
  We must be intellectually humble because we are not always right and neither are other people, to be intellectually humble we must be able to admit that we are wrong and to accept that others are right in their way of thinking. We must accept our shortcomings and more importantly accept the fact that we cannot know everything and that only by talking with other people and hearing different perspectives can we even hope to try to understand an issue.



• Look for Different Perspectives
  
  We must look for different perspectives so that we can attempt to see the whole picture or all sides of an issue. If we do not look for other perspectives than we are being blindly ignorant to other ideas and we cannot attempt to see the whole picture.



• Ad Hominems
  
  In an argument we must argue the facts of the argument for what they are worth, we must not attack the person we are arguing with based on their personal life or other factors that have nothing to do with the issue at hand. It serves no purpose to attack the individual, because that is not what the argument is about.

3.Picture from:http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/ap11ann/kippsphotos/6550.jpg

4.Do I always test my knowledge and accept others perspectives or do I just stick with my beliefs even if they may be wrong?