Definitions
of Creativity
There
are many definitions of creativity; dictionaries give the
following meanings:
Heritage Illustrated Dictionary:
create: To cause to exist, Bring into being, Originate,
To give rise to, Bring about, Produce, To be first to portray
and give character to a role or part (appropriate to creating
fictional characters and writing stories) creation: An original
product of human invention or imagination.
creative: characterized by originality and expressiveness,
imaginative
Macquarie
Dictionary (an Australian dictionary)
create: to evolve from one's one thought or imagination
to make by investing with new character or functions.
create: author, bring into being, compose, conceive, parent,
form, give rise to, throw together
creative:
generative, ground-breaking, innovative, originate, handmade
Other
related words re: creativity:
creativity creativeness, formativeness, innovation, inventiveness,
originality, productivity, craftsmanship, authorship, creatorship
"Being creative is seeing the same thing as everybody
else but thinking of something different"
There are many aspects to creativity, but one definition
would include the ability to take existing objects and combine
them in different ways for new purposes. For example, Gutenberg
took the wine press and the die/punch and produced a printing
press. Thus, a simple definition of creativity is the action
of combining previously uncombined elements. From art, music
and invention to household chores, this is part of the nature
of being creative. Another way of looking at creativity
is as playing with the way things are interrelated. Creativity
is the ability to generate novel and useful ideas and solutions
to everyday problems and challenges.
Creativity
involves the translation of our unique gifts, talents and
vision into an external reality that is new and useful.
We must keep in mind that creativity takes place unavoidably
inside our own personal, social, and cultural boundaries.
The
more we define our creativity by identifying with specific
sets of values, meanings, beliefs and symbols, the more
our creativity will be focused and limited; the more we
define our creativity by focusing on how values, meanings,
beliefs and symbols are formed, the greater the chance that
our creativity will become less restricted.
In
the creative process there are always two different (but
interrelated) dimensions or levels of dynamics with which
one can create:
The system which may be a particular medium (e.g. oil painting
or a particular musical form), or a particular process (like
a problem solving agenda, or an approach to creativity like
Synectics). The creative person manipulates that means to
a creative end.
The second dimension is described by the conceptual "content"
which the medium describes. Again, the creative person depicts,
changes, manipulates, expresses somehow the idea of that
content.
There is no one definition of creativity that everyone can
agree with. Creativity researchers, mostly from the field
of psychology, usually claim that being creative means being
novel and appropriate. Subsumed under the appropriateness
criterion are qualities of fit, utility, and value.
At
least three aspects of creativity have drawn much attention.
The creative process, receiving the most attention, focuses
on the mechanisms and phases involved as one partakes in
a creative act.
A second aspect of creativity is the creative person. Here,
personality traits of creative people are central. The environmental
atmosphere and influence are concerns of a third aspect,
the creative situation.
Lastly, the criteria or characteristics of creative products
have been sought. This area is of particular importance
because it is the basis of any performance assessment of
real world creativity and may provide a window on the other
aspects of creativity.
Briefly stated, creativity is often thought to exist on
at least five levels:
a
higher level versus a lower level
grand versus modest
big "C" versus little c
paradigm-shifting versus garden-variety
eminent versus everyday
Some researchers claim other categories of creativity as
well:
expressive versus productive
expressive versus inventive
expressive versus innovative
invention versus discovery
theory versus invention versus discovery
accommodative versus assimilative
personal versus public
There are three general ways of achieving a creative solution:
serendipity
similarity and meditation
Also, the mode of activity one is in when being creative
differs. For example, there is a distinction between real-time
creativity and multistage creativity. Real-time creativity
is spur-of-the-moment, improvisational, and demands output
in a short interval of time; whereas in multistage creativity,
sufficient time is allowed for the generation and selection
of ideas.
Creative thought can be divided into divergent and convergent
reasoning.
Divergent thinking is the intellectual ability to think
of many original, diverse, and elaborate ideas.
Convergent
thinking: the intellectual ability to logically evaluate,
critique and choose the best idea from a selection of ideas.
Both abilities are required for creative output. Divergent
thinking is essential to the novelty of creative products
whereas convergent thinking is fundamental to the appropriateness.
Thus,
any general definition of creativity must account for the
process of recognition or discovery of novel ideas and solutions.