Chapter 23 - The Guilded Age

Please make your answers in two columns....1-15 and 16-30.

Name: __________________________ Date: _____________ Period _______


1.
At the conclusion of the Civil War, General Ulysses S. Grant
A.
refused gifts offered him by the American public.
B.
proved that he was a sound judge of human character.
C.
rejoined the Democratic party.
D.
accepted gifts of houses and money from citizens.
E.
ruled out running for office.


2.
In the presidential election of 1868, Ulysses S. Grant
A.
transformed his personal popularity into a large majority in the popular vote.
B.
owed his victory to the votes of former slaves.
C.
gained his victory by winning the votes of the majority of whites.
D.
demonstrated his political skill.
E.
all of the above.


3.
As a result of the Civil War,
A.
the population of the United States declined.
B.
political dishonesty grew while honesty in business rose.
C.
the North developed a strong sense of moral superiority.
D.
the great majority of political and business leaders became corrupt.
E.
waste, extravagance, speculation, and graft reduced the moral stature of the Republic.


4.
In the late nineteenth century, those political candidates who campaigned by “waving the bloody shirt” were reminding voters
A.
of the “treason” of the Confederate Democrats during the Civil War.
B.
that the Civil War had been caused by the election of a Republican president.
C.
of the graft-filled “radical” regimes in the Reconstruction South.
D.
that radical Republicans catered to freed slaves during Reconstruction.
E.
of Ku Klux Klan violence against blacks.


5.
One weapon that was used to put Boss Tweed, leader of New York City's infamous Tweed Ring, in jail was
A.
the cartoons of the political satirist Thomas Nast.
B.
federal income tax evasion charges.
C.
the RICO racketeering act.
D.
New York City's ethics laws.
E.
granting immunity to Tweed's cronies in exchange for testimony.


6.
In an attempt to avoid prosecution for their corrupt dealings, the owners of Crédit Mobilizer
A.
left the country.
B.
belatedly started to follow honest business practices.
C.
sold controlling interest in the company to others.
D.
tried to gain immunity by testifying before Congress.
E.
distributed shares of the company's valuable stock to key congressmen.


7.
Match each politician below with the Republican political faction with which he was associated.
A. Roscoe Conkling
1. “Half-Breeds”
B. James Blaine
2. Stalwarts
C. Horace Greeley
3. Regular Republicans
D. Ulysses Grant
4. Liberal Republicans
 
A.
A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
B.
A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
C.
A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
D.
A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
E.
A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2


8.
One cause of the panic that broke in 1873 was
A.
the reissuance of millions of dollars in greenbacks.
B.
the construction of more factories than existing markets would bear.
C.
an extremely high rate of inflation.
D.
the formation of the Greenback Labor party.
E.
excessive speculation in mining stocks.


9.
As a solution to the panic or depression of 1873, debtors suggested
A.
a policy of deflation.
B.
a passage of the Resumption Act of 1875.
C.
stronger federal control of banking.
D.
restoring the government's credit rating.
E.
inflationary policies.


10.
Those who enjoyed a successful political career in the post-Civil War decades were usually
A.
reformers.
B.
incorruptible.
C.
party loyalists.
D.
political independents.
E.
wealthy and well educated.


11.
During the Gilded Age, the Democrats and the Republicans
A.
had few significant economic differences.
B.
agreed on currency policy but not the tariff.
C.
were separated by substantial differences in economic policy.
D.
held similar views on all economic issues except for civil-service reform.
E.
were divided over silver vs. gold currency.


12.
One reason for the extremely high voter turnouts and partisan fervor of the Gilded Age was
A.
the parties' differences over economic issues.
B.
sharp ethnic and cultural differences in the membership of the two parties.
C.
battles between Catholics and Lutherans.
D.
differences over the issue of the civil service.
E.
sectional tensions between the Northeast and Midwest.


13.
During the Gilded Age, the lifeblood of both the Democratic and the Republican parties was
A.
the Grand Army of the Republic.
B.
the Roman Catholic Church.
C.
ideological commitment.
D.
big-city political machines.
E.
political patronage.


14.
The major problem in the 1876 presidential election centered on
A.
who would be Speaker of the House.
B.
the two sets of election returns submitted by Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana.
C.
Samuel Tilden's association with corrupt politicians.
D.
President Grant's campaign for a third term.
E.
failure to use the secret “Australian ballot” in some places.


15.
The Compromise of 1877 resulted in
A.
a renewal of the Republican commitment to protect black civil rights in the South.
B.
the withdrawal of federal troops from the South.
C.
the election of a Democrat to the presidency.
D.
passage of the Bland-Allison Silver Purchase Act.
E.
a plan to build the first transcontinental railroad.


16.
In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that
A.
African Americans could be denied the right to vote.
B.
segregation was unconstitutional.
C.
“separate but equal” facilities were constitutional.
D.
the Fourteenth Amendment did not apply to African Americans.
E.
literacy tests for voting were constitutional.


17.
At the end of Reconstruction, Southern whites disenfranchised African Americans with
A.
literacy requirements.
B.
poll taxes.
C.
economic intimidation.
D.
grandfather clauses.
E.
all of the above.


18.
The legal codes that established the system of segregation were
A.
found only in the North.
B.
called Jim Crow laws.
C.
overturned by Plessy v. Ferguson.
D.
undermined by the crop lien system.
E.
passed during Reconstruction.


19.
The railroad strike of 1877 started when
A.
President Hayes refused to use troops to keep the trains running.
B.
the four largest railroads cut salaries by ten percent.
C.
working hours were cut back by the railroad companies.
D.
the railroad workers refused to cross the picket lines of cargo loaders.
E.
the railroads tried to hire Chinese workers.


20.
In the wake of anti-Chinese violence in California, the United States Congress
A.
negotiated a restricted-immigration agreement with China.
B.
did nothing, as it was California's problem.
C.
banned the Kearneyites in San Francisco.
D.
sent many Chinese back to their homeland.
E.
passed a law prohibiting the immigration of Chinese laborers to America.


21.
President James A. Garfield was assassinated
A.
as a result of his service in the Civil War.
B.
because he was a Stalwart Republican.
C.
because he opposed civil-service reform.
D.
by a deranged, disappointed office seeker.
E.
by a political anarchist.


22.
The Pendleton Act required appointees to public office to
A.
take a competitive examination.
B.
present a written recommendation from a congressman or senator.
C.
agree to make financial contributions to their political party.
D.
pledge independence from either major political party.
E.
have a college degree.


23.
With the passage of the Pendleton Act, politicians now sought money from
A.
new immigrants.
B.
civil-service workers.
C.
the small army of factory workers whom they now had to mobilize.
D.
foreign contributors.
E.
big corporations.


24.
On the issue of the tariff, President Grover Cleveland
A.
supported high rates.
B.
advocated a lower rate.
C.
had no opinion.
D.
followed the advice of his party.
E.
favored tariffs on agricultural products.


25.
The major campaign issue of the 1888 presidential election was
A.
civil-service reform.
B.
the big trust question.
C.
the currency question.
D.
foreign policy.
E.
tariff policy.


26.
In the latter decades of the nineteenth century, it was generally true that the locus of political power was
A.
Congress.
B.
the president.
C.
the federal courts.
D.
the federal bureaucracy.
E.
the states.


27.
The “Billion-Dollar Congress” quickly disposed of rising government surpluses by
A.
providing subsidies to wheat, corn, and cotton farmers.
B.
building an expensive new steel navy.
C.
expanding pensions for Civil War veterans.
D.
cutting tariffs and other taxes.
E.
increasing spending on railroads and other transportation projects.


28.
Which of the following was not among the platform planks adopted by the Populist Party in their convention of 1892?
A.
government ownership of the railroads, telephone, and telegraph
B.
free and unlimited coinage of silver in the ratio of 16 to 1
C.
a one-term limit on the presidency
D.
government guarantees of “parity prices” for farmers
E.
immigration restrictions


29.
President Grover Cleveland aroused widespread public anger by his action of
A.
vetoing the Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act.
B.
using federal troops to suppress Populist demonstrations.
C.
taking the United States off the gold standard.
D.
borrowing $65 million in gold from J.P. Morgan's banking syndicate.
E.
wasting the federal surplus on pork-barrel spending.


30.
The greatest political beneficiary of the backlash against President Cleveland in the Congressional elections of 1894 were
A.
the Republicans.
B.
the Populists.
C.
the “goldbug” Democrats.
D.
the Greenback Labor Party.
E.
the Knights of Labor.


Essay Question:
How did civil service come to partially replace the political patronage system and what were the consequences of the change for politics?

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