Ewing's Sarcoma

Ewing's Sarcoma

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ESCG --- 2002
Done by
Adham Ismail Affara

Deadly Diseases

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USA -- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

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ENGLAND -- North of England Children's Cancer Research Fund

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AUSTRALIA -- Sydney Children's Hospital

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UNDERSTANDING
EWING'S SARCOMA

1-) What is Ewing's sarcoma?
Ewing's sarcoma is named after Dr James Ewing who described the tumour in the 1920s. It is a cancer which can develop anywhere in the body.

2-) What causes Ewing's sarcoma?
The cause is unknown.

3-) Where it usualy starts?
It usually starts in a bone, and most commonly one of the bones of the hips, upper arm or thigh and can develop in the soft tissue near bones.

4-) What are the signs and symptoms?
a- Pain in the bone where the tumour is located.
b- Some swelling in the area.
c- It may become tender to touch.
d- Fever.

5-) What tests are used?
a- An x-ray of the painful part of the bone to identify a tumour, but sometimes this might be difficult to see.
b- Chest x-ray.
c- Bone scan
d- CT scan.

6-) What treatment can we use?
a- Treatment depends on the size, position, and stage of the tumour.
b- Chemotherapy is given in general to shrink the main tumour.
c- If surgery is needed, it may be carried out at a specialist orthopaedic center.
d- If the tumour is in one of the main bones of the arm or leg, it may be necessary to remove the whole limb (amputation) or part of the affected bone, which is then replaced by some form of false limb (prosthesis).
e- If only part of the affected bone is removed, this is known as limb-sparing surgery.

7-) What is Amputation?
Amputation of the limb is sometimes unavoidable if the cancer has affected the surrounding blood vessels and nerves. After amputation, a false limb will be fitted and this will be regularly adjusted as the child grows. The function of a false limb can be very good. It should be possible for the child to join in with normal activities and even sport.

8-) How can we do a limb-sparing surgery?
There are several ways in which limb-sparing surgery may be done:
a- Replacing the bone with a prosthesis.
b- Replacing with a bone graft.
c- Radiotherapy can be given when surgery is not possible.
d- Chemotherapy may also be used to shrink the tumour before surgery or to kill any cells which may have spread to other areas of the body.

Notes

MOST children with Ewing's sarcoma can be cured.
If the tumour comes back, further treatment may be given successfully.
Surgery and radiotherapy can stop bones growing and may make muscles and tendons shorter.
MOST children who are successfully treated for Ewing's sarcoma grow up with little disability.
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