"Socialism is the embodiment of a society whose international role will be peace, because its national ruler will be everywhere the same - labor!"

   "...our aim is to achieve a socialist system of society, which by eliminating the divisions of mankind into classes, by eliminating all exploitation of man by man and nation by nation will inevitably eliminate the very possibility of war."

 "...A war would above all retard our movement all over Europe, completely disrupt it in many countries, stir up chauvinism and xenophobia and leave us with the certain prospect, amongst many other uncertain ones, of having to begin all over again after the war, albeit on a basis far more favorable even than today."

  "An end to wars, peace among the nations, the cessation of pillaging and violence - such is our ideal..."

  "In general, war ran counter to the aims of the Communist Party. But war that was preached today was a sacred war; it was a civil war, a war of the working class against its exploiters."

  "Disarmament is the ideal of socialism."

  "...the union of the working classes of the different countries must ultimately make international wars impossible."

  "...the alliance of the working classes of all countries will ultimately kill war."

  "I maintain disarmament and with it the guarantee of peace, is feasible..."

  "[Speaking of the working people] Their whole disposition and movement is essentially humanitarian."

  "The government considers it the greatest crime against humanity to continue this war over how to divide among the strong and rich nations the weak nationalities they have conquered... By a just or democratic peace, for which the overwhelming majority of the workingclass and other working people of all the belligerent countries, exhausted, tormented and racked by the war, are craving...the government means an immediate peace without annexations (i.e., without the seizure of foreign lands, without the forcible incorporation of foreign nations) and without indemnities."

  "Our experience has left us with the firm conviction that only exceptional attention to the interests of various nations can remove grounds for conflicts, can remove mutual distrust, can remove the fear of any intrigues and create that confidence, especially on the part of workers and peasants speaking different languages, without which there absolutely cannot be peaceful relations between people or anything like a successful development of everything that is of value in present-day civilization."

  "World domination' is, to put it briefly, the substance of imperialist policy, of which imperialist war is the continuation."

  "...the class contradictions dividing the nations continue to exist in wartime and manifest themselves in conditions of war."

  "It is proven in the pamphlet that the war of 1914-18 was imperialist (that is, an annexationist, predatory, war of plunder) on the part of both sides; it was a war for the division of the world, for the partition and repartition of colonies and spheres of influence of finance capital, etc...."

  "And this summing up proves that imperialist wars are absolutely inevitable under such an economic system, as long as private property in the means of production exists."

  "Capitalism has concentrated the earth's wealth in the hands of a few states and divided the world up to the last bit...Any further enrichment could take place only at the expense of others as the enrichment of one state at the expense of another. The issue could only be settled by force - and accordingly war between the world marauders became inevitable."

  "There are just and unjust wars, progressive and reactionary wars, wars waged by advanced classes and wars waged by backward classes, wars waged for the purpose of perpetuating class oppression and wars waged for the purpose of eliminating oppression..."

  "Socialists always side with the oppressed and, consequently, cannot be opposed to wars whose purpose is democratic or socialist struggle against oppression."

  "The present war is a continuation of the policy of conquest, of the shooting down of whole nationalities, of unbelievable atrocities..."

  "Civil war is the sharpest form of the class struggle, it is the point in the class struggle when clashes and battles, economic and political, repeating themselves, growing, broadening, becoming acute, turn into an armed struggle of one class against another."

  "The socialist revolution will not be solely or chiefly, a struggle of the revolutionary proletariat in each country against their bourgeoisie - no, it will be a struggle of all the imperialist- oppressed colonies and countries, of all dependent countries against international imperialism."

  [The victory of socialism in one or several countries] "is bound to create not only friction but a direct attempt on the part of the bourgeoisie of other countries to crush the socialist state's victorious proletariat. In such cases a war on our part would be a legitimate and just war. It would be a war for socialism..."

  "...so revolutionary wars are legitimate and just - i.e., wars waged against the capitalists in defense of the oppressed classes, wars against the oppressors in defense of the nations oppressed by the imperialists of a handful of countries, wars in defense of the socialist revolution against foreign invaders."

  "We are in the position of having won conditions enabling us to exist side by side with capitalist powers, who are now compelled to enter into trade relations with us. In the course of this struggle we have won the right to an independent existence....Today, too, we do not underestimate the danger and do not deny the possibility of future military intervention by the capitalist countries."

  "Today we can speak not only of a breathing space, but of a real chance of a new and lengthy period of development."

  "It is not the Great Power status of Russia that we are defending - of that nothing is left but Russia proper - nor is it national interests, for we assert that the interests of socialism, of world socialism are higher than national interests, higher than the interests of the state."

  "This might have been advanced as proof of the collapse of communism only if we had promised, with the forces of Russia alone, to transform the whole world, or had dreamed of doing so. However, we have never harbored such crazy ideas and have always said that our revolution will be victorious when it is supported by the workers of all lands."

  "Of course, there are people who believe that revolution can break out in a foreign country to order, by agreement. These people are either mad or they are provocateurs."

  "Capital is an international force. To vanquish it, an international workers' alliance, an international workers' brotherhood, is needed. We are opposed to national enmity and discord, to national exclusiveness. We are internationalists."

  "There is one, and only one, kind of real internationalism, and that is - working whole-heartedly for the development of the revolutionary movement and the revolutionary struggle in one's own country, and supporting (by propaganda, sympathy, and material aid) this struggle, this and only this, line in every country without exception."

  "The Bolsheviks' tactics...were the only internationalist tactics, because they did the utmost possible in one country for the development, support and awakening of the revolution in all countries."

  "...complete victory over capitalism cannot be won unless the proletariat and, following it, the mass of working people in all countries and nations throughout the world, voluntarily strive for alliance and unity."

  "We are now exercising our main influence on the international revolution through our economic policy...The struggle in this field has now become global. Once we solve this problem, we shall have certainly and finally won on an international scale. That is why for us questions of economic development become of absolutely exceptional importance. On this front, we must achieve victory by a steady rise and progress which must be gradual and necessarily slow."