Patterns of race, ethnicity, gender, and class: In the concentric zone model, it describes
The innermost of the five zones is the Central Business District (CBD) where nonresidential activities are concentrated.
The second zone is the zone in transition where industry and poorer-quality housing are located. Immigrants to the city first live in this zone in small dwelling units, frequently by subdividing larger houses into apartments and also contain rooming houses for single individuals.
The third zone contains working-class homes; modest older houses occupied by stable working class families.
The fourth zone has newer and more spacious houses for middle-class families.
The fifth zone is the commuter’s zone for those who live in the city but live in communities towards the outside.
Uneven Development: Uneven distribution of a process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology. (i.e. some areas of a city may be considered less developed compared to more developed.)
Ghettoization: Denotes a section of a city in which members of any minority group live because of social, legal, or economic pressure.
Gentrification: A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class owner-occupied area. (i.e. middle class traveling to underclass communities and fixing up old buildings.)
Impacts of suburbanization and edge cities:
Edge City: A large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area.
Suburbanization: An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in suburban settlements.
