Agricultural and Rural Land Use

1. Development and diffusion of agriculture
   Neolithic Agricultural Revolution
   This is the domestication of plants and animals. In this revolution people started using better tools. They began to have better technology. They had new innovations such as the potters wheel and scratch plow.
   Factors
   • Second Agricultural Revolution – the fundamental transformation of subsistence agriculture.
   • Factors of Revolution:
     • -Dramatic improvements in outputs, such as crop and livestock yields.
     • -The importance of innovations, like improved yoke for oxen or the replacement of the ox with a horse.
   • New inputs to agricultural period like the application of fertilizers and field drainage systems.
   • Pre-industrial revolution spread to agriculture transportation innovations and industrialization of agriculture, as well as the creation of the commercial market.
   
   
2. Green Revolution
   • Green Revolution invention and rapid diffusion of more productive agricultural techniques evolving the 1970’s and 1980’s.
   • Experiments started in 1950.
   • Fertilizer and machinery was improved since used in the Green Revolution.
   • Scientists stripped down components of certain things like fertilizer and unveiled three key elements: nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus.
   • Strains with higher yields, which increases agricultural productivity. New machinery irrigation pumps and tractors.
   • Governments in LDC’s allocated scarce funds for subdivising the cost for seeds, fertilizer, and machinery.

Three phases of the third agriculture revolution are mechanization, chemical farming with synthetic fertilizers for the soil and herbicides, fungicides, and pesticides to crops in order to enhance yeilds. Food manufacturing is adding value to agricultural products through a range of treatments such as processing, canning, refining, packing, and packaging that occur off the farm and before they reach the market.

Agricultural industrialization is a process where by the farm has moved from being the centerpiece of agricultural production to become one part of the integrated string of vertically organized industrial processes, including production, storage, processing, distribution, marketing, and retailing.