Neolithic Agricultural Revolution
In the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution, there occurred the domestication of plants and animals. This is also the time when people began to move to more advanced tools like plows. They also began to get better technology and invented the Potters wheel, and the Scratch plow.
Second Agricultural Revolution
The Second Agricultural Revolution was the fundamental transformation of subsistence agriculture. There were factors in this revolution, as following:
Dramatic improvements in outputs, such as crop and livestock yields.
The importance of innovations, like improved yoke for oxen or the replacement of the ox with a horse.
New inputs to agricultural production like the application of fertilizers and field drainage systems.
This all happened in Pre-Industrial Revolution - it spread to agriculture/transportation innovations/industrialization of agriculture/creation of commercial market.
Major agricultural production regions
Savanna farming systems associate with major bio-climatic zones. The climate usually effects markets because of the changes that occur. This stunts the flow of the food among regions that offer food production. It usually relies all on the climate changes that occur. Bio-climatic systems are supposed to help in that they widen the flow.
consumption
Rural land use and settlement patterns
There are three main models for the use of land in areas, the Concentric Zone model, the Sector model, and the Multiple Nuclei model. The Concentric Zone model states that a city grows outward from a central area in a series of concentric rings, like the growth of rings on a tree. The Sector model states that a city grows in sectors rather than rings. Finally the Multiple Nuclei model states that a city is a complex structure that involves more than one center.
Most towns start at the center of town and work their way outward from a central point, take Salt Lake City for example the LDS temple is the central point and the people of Salt Lake City started building south and now the Salt Lake valley stretches from Brigham City to Draper.
Modern commercial agriculture: the Third Agricultural Revolution
Green Revolution and the beginning of the biotechnologic revolution
The Green Revolution is the rapid diffusion of inventions and innovations and more productive agricultural techniques that the MDC’s had to the LDC’s during the 1970's and 1980's.
Characteristics of the third revolution: blending of primary, secondary, and tertiary activities, intensification of mechanization, and development of biotechnology
There are three phases of the third agricultural revolution. They are mechanization, chemical farming, with synthetic fertilizers, and globally widespread food manufacturing.
Mechanization - the replacement of human farm labor with machines.
Chemical Farming - application of synthetic fertilizers to the soil and herbicides, fungicides, and pesticides to crops - in order to enhance yields.
Food Manufacturing - adding value to agricultural products through a range of treatments - such as processing, canning, refining, packing, and packaging, - that occur off the farm and before they reach the market.
Agricultural Industrialization - process whereby the farm has moved from being the centerpiece of agricultural production to become one part of an integrated string of vertically organized industrial processes including production, storage, processing, distribution, marketing, and retailing.
Spatial organization of industrial agriculture
Agriculture is distributed extensively across the landscape. Due to variations in productivity in crop/product, competition with other land uses, and spatially dispersed markets for some agricultural products. This has led to enhance agricultural productivity.
Diffusion of industrial agriculture
There are three processes that play a role in agricultural globalization.
The forces - technological, economic, political, and so on - that shape agricultural systems are global in their scope.
The institutions - traded finance especially - that most dramatically alter agriculture are organized globally.
The current form of agriculture reflects integrated, globally organized agroproduction systems.
Future food supplies and environmental impacts of agriculture – hopes and fears
The future is thought to be characterized by a phase of geopolitical and geoeconomic transition along with the continued overall expansion of the world economy; and by the continued globalization of industry, finance, and culture. In the future, new technologies such as biotechnology, transport technologies, and information technologies will be influential in shaping the opportunities and constraints for local, regional, and international development. In the process of these changes there will inevitably be critical issues, conflicts, and threats. Some of these may be dilemmas of scale, boundaries, and territories; fault lines of cultural dissonance; and the sustainability of development. There will be environmental threats such as the destruction of tropical rain forests and the loss of biodiversity; widespread, health-threatening pollution; the degradation of soil, water, and marine resources essential to food production; stratospheric ozone depletion; acid rain, and so on.
