Subject:Things to Look For

Dear friends,
Our FAQ section has elicited a number of interesting inquiries from our readers. Here's one we thought was worth sharing:
Question: "What should you look for when considering a boat purchase that has an Atomic-4 engine? Are there any general signs that will indicate the engine's condition or how it was maintained over the years? Differences in sea water use vs fresh water?"
I can relate well to your question regarding what to look for when buying a boat with an Atomic 4. Brenda and I have bought three boats in our lives, and in all cases, our marine surveyors refused to make any evaluations regarding the engines.
On the bright side, it is clear from our own customer feedback that there are many more well maintained Atomic 4's in today's market than there were ten years ago, and many of these engines are fresh water cooled. In the early 90s, the majority of our first-time callers reported that they just bought a boat with a "basket-case" Atomic 4, and they had to spend the next year bringing the engine back to health. Today, at least half of our new owners are simply calling for parts or advice on how to best maintain their well-running engines.

Here are a few things that you can look for:
1) It is obviously very important to check on the maintenance history of the engine, if one is available. The maintenance history, along with the ability to talk with the prior owner, can add insight to the findings of the following checks.
2) Check the exterior of the engine for signs of deep rust or scaling. Be especially critical of the alternator side of the block. In some cases, seals around water jacket side plates develop leaks, and, given the limited access to that side of the engine on many boats, these leaks can go undetected for long periods of time, and deep scaling can result. In a few cases (fortunately very few), blocks have had to be scrapped due to this scaling extending all the way through the block and into the crankcase.
3) The engine should be started and brought to a normal operating temperature of 160 to 170 degrees for raw water cooled engines, and approximately 180 to 190 degrees for fresh water cooled engines. It is best to run the engine in "forward" and under load. If you are checking the engine in the slip, it's usually OK to simply pull against the dock lines. Check for any unusual noises. Atomic 4's are known for running rather quietly and smoothly.
4) Check for fluid leaks. Be especially critical of any evidence of gasoline around the carburetor or fuel lines.
5) Check for normal oil pressure of 30 to 40 psi by around 1500 RPM, and 20 psi or above at idle.
6) Run the engine for a short time at maximum power to check for any unusual sounds, excessive smoke out of the exhaust or fumes from blow-by in the cabin.
7) In neutral, the engine should accelerate quickly as you flick the throttle from idle to full throttle without hesitation. It's important that you do not allow the engine to actually reach full RPM during this check. This is simply an acceleration check. The RPM never needs to go much above 2000.
8) Shut the engine down and check the compression as soon as you can remove the spark plugs without burning your fingers. The combustion chamber volume in the heads of in-service Atomic 4's varies considerably, and compression can therefore vary from as low as 85 psi to as high as 120 psi, with the average being around 100 psi. Compression readings should have a maximum spread within 5 or 10 psi.
9) While the spark plugs are removed, check for excessive carbon build-up or oiliness. Do not be too critical of a black velvet sootiness as long as the plugs are dry.
If you are buying a boat without the opportunity to actually run the engine, perform as many of these checks as possible.
1) With a cold engine, compression readings can be expected to vary much more than in a warm engine, and if the engine has not been run in quite a while, valves might be a bit sticky, which will affect compression. These conditions are frequently not serious, and will clear up after the engine is started and given a Marvel Mystery Oil treatment (5 or 6 squirts of oil in each spark plug hole).
2) With the spark plugs removed, run the engine on the starter and check for oil pressure. Oil pressure at starter RPM will usually be around 20 psi. Good luck,
Don

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