NODE.801

Obsolete Syllabus


B. Ricardo Brown, Ph.D.

Associate Professor of Cultural Studies
Pratt Institute
 
BRBrownIII@earthlink.net 

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The Uses of Terror
Tuesday, 2-4:15
Room NH 111B
2:00PM - 4:20PM
Fall 2004
Department of Social Science & Cultural Studies

Pratt Institute



B. Ricardo Brown, Ph.D.
Department of Social Science & Cultural Studies
Office: Dekalb 419
Office Phone: 1.718.636.3567, ext. 2709
Office Hours: Monday 1:00pm-1:55pm and 4:30pm-5:30pm,
    Tuesday 1:00pm-1:55pm and by appointment

Email: brbrowniii@earthlink.com
URL: http://www.geocities.com/brbgc
Blog: http://node801.blogspot.com
_______________________________________________________________________

__Course Description__


The weapon of the Republic is terror, the strength of the republic is virtue. Virtue: for without it, terror is corruptible; terror: for without it, virtue is powerless. Terror is an outgrowth of virtue; it is more than swift, rigorous, and inflexible justice. Some say terror is the weapon of a despotic government, therefore ours resembles despotism. Certainly, but in the way a sword in the hand of a hero of freedom resembles a saber in the hand of a tyrants minion. If a tyrant rules his animal-like subjects through terror, that is his right as a despot. If you destroy through terror the enemies of freedom, you, founders of the Republic, are no less right. The Revolutionary government is the despotism of freedom against tyranny. Spare the Royalists! Certain people cry. Spare the wicked? No! Spare the innocent, spare the weak, spare the unfortunate, spare humanity! Only the peaceful citizen deserves the protection of society. In a republic only republicans are citizens, royalists and foreigners are enemies. To punish the oppressors of mankind is kindness --- to pardon them is barbarity. “Robspierre” in Georg Buchner's Danton's Death in Henry J. Schmidt, trans. and ed. 1977. Georg Buchner: The Complete Collected Works. New York: Avon. Pgs 27-29.


This course poses a number of questions concerning the origins and uses of terror. What is the relation between terror and Enlightenment? Is terror an essential part of the modern State? If this is true, when did terror become transformed from an instrument of State power to being a weapon against the State? Did this transformation actually ever occur or do we simply misunderstand the history of terror? What is the distinction between terror and terrorism? Rather than thinking about waging a war on terror, is it possible to consider the relation of war and terror without considering the rise of the state, the division of labor, and the integration of the world economy?

The readings for this course will concern these and other questions from within the context of the history of the West.

__Course Requirements__

Presentations and Commentaries

Students are expected to give at least one presentation during the semester on the readings for the class. One person per required reading. The presenter will prepare a two page typed commentary (approximately 650 – 700 words), which will be read or summarized in class. Copies will be distributed at the beginning of class (those presenting must see me immediately before class so that copies can be prepared (or bring your own copies to class). Those not presenting should prepare their comments after the class, including a commentary on the presentations for the week (three pages or approximately 1000 words). At the end of the semester, each student should have a collection of 12 weeks of readings (approximately 39 pages) and 1 three page presentation. The commentaries will be collected 3 times during the semester.

Or to put it another way:

If you are presenting a commentary:

Prepare two typed pages to be read or summarized to the class (650 -700 words).

Meet me in my office immediately before class in order to make copies for the class.


If you are not presenting a commentary:

Prepare an approximately 1000 word commentary (typed) on the reading and the in-class commentary on the reading.


The presentations and commentaries will account for 50 percent.


Short Essay

A short essay (5-10 pages) will be due at the end of the course. The essay question will be distributed at the final class and will be 40 percent of the final grade.

Class Participation

Education is not a one way street and we can not expect to simply passively receive knowledge unless we expect to live a passive life. Participation is mandatory and will be factored into the final grade (10 percent).

Absences and Lateness

Persistent absences or lateness will result in a reduction of your final grade.

Incompletes

Incompletes will be granted only in accordance with the established policy of the college. The request must be made in advance of the last week of class. It must be made in writing and the standard incomplete contract submitted to the Department Chair before the last week of the semester. An incomplete is “available only if the student has been in regular attendance, has satisfied all but the final requirements of the course, and has furnished satisfactory proof that the work was not completed because of illness or other circumstances beyond control” (Pratt Institute Bulletin). If you do not turn in your paper on time, and you do not have an approved incomplete, you will fail the course. If you do not complete your work be the beginning of the next semester, I will not issue a change of grade except under the most extraordinary circumstances.

For stylistic questions, William Strunk and E.B. White’s Elements of Style is highly recommended.


__Texts__

Georg Buchner. Henry J. Schmidt, trans. and ed. 1977. The Complete Collected Works. New York: Avon.

Maximilien Robespierre “The Political Philosopy of Terror”

    http://www.worldfuturefund.org/wffmaster/Reading/Communism/ROBESPIERRE'S%20SPEECH.htm

Karl Marx

    Capital Volume One
    Part IV: Production of Relative Surplus Value, Chapter XIII “Co-operation”

Nietzsche
Genealogy of Morals: A Polemic

    http://www.mala.bc.ca/~johnstoi/Nietzsche/genealogy2.htm

Leon Trotsky

    Terrorism and Communism [Dictatorship versus Democracy]: A Reply to Karl Kautsky
    http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/works/1920/dictatorvs/index.htm

V. I. Lenin

    “The Immediate Tasks of the Soviet Government”
    http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1918/mar/x03.htm
    6. The Organisation of Competition
    7. “Harmonious Organisation” and Dictatorship .
    8. The Development of Soviet Organisation .
    9. Conclusion
    “Our Revolution”
    http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1923/jan/16.htm
    “Economics and Politics in the Era of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat (October 1919)”    http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1919/oct/30.htm

Rosa Luxemburg

    “The Beginning”
    http://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1918/11/18b.htm

Michel Foucault “Revolutionary Action” in LC-MT, “A Conversation with Maoists”

E.V. Walter Policies of Violence: from Montesquieu to the Terrorists in The Critical Spirit: Essays in Honor of Herbert Marcuse (Boston: Beacon     Press) Kurt Wolff and Barrington Moore. 1968.

Henri Lefebvre “Terrorism and Everyday Life” from Everyday Life in the Modern World

Anonymous

    Imperial Hubris: Why the West Is Losing the War on Terror
    ISBN: 1574888498, Hardcover, 352pp, July 2004, Brassey's, Inc.

Richard Clarke
    Against All Enemies: Inside America's War on Terror

    ISBN: 0743260457, Paperback, 352pp, September 2004, The Free Press

Noam Chomsky
       
    9-11  
    ISBN: 1583224890, Paperback, 96pp, November 2001, Seven Stories Press

BBC Documentary Archive
    Making Terror, Breaking Terror 
    http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/programmes/archive/020819_terror.shtml


Caleb Carr
    The Lessons of Terror: A History of Warfare Against Civilians

    ISBN: 0375760741,Revised & Updated Edition, Paperback, 301pp, March 2003, Random House Publishing

Jean Bethke Elshtain
   
Just War Against Terror: The Burden of American Power in a Violent World
    ISBN: 0465019110, Paperback, 272pp, August 2004, Basic Books


__Outline of the Course of Study__

Session One
Introduction to the Course

Session Two
E.V. Walter “Policies of Violence: from Montesquieu to the Terrorists” from The Critical Spirit: Essays in Honor of Herbert Marcuse (Boston: Beacon Press) Kurt Wolff and Barrington Moore. 1968.

Maximilien Robespierre
The Political Philosopy of Terror”
http://www.worldfuturefund.org/wffmaster/Reading/Communism/ROBESPIERRE'S%20SPEECH.htm

F. Nietzsche Genealogy of Morals: A Polemic
http://www.mala.bc.ca/~johnstoi/Nietzsche/genealogy2.htm

Making Terror, Breaking Terror
BBC Documentary Archive
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/programmes/archive/020819_terror.shtml

Session Three
Caleb Carr
The Lessons of Terror: A History of Warfare Against Civilians

Session Four
Caleb Carr
The Lessons of Terror: A History of Warfare Against Civilians

Session Five
V. I. Lenin
The Immediate Tasks of the Soviet Government”
6. The Organisation of Competition http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1918/mar/x03.htm
7. “Harmonious Organisation” and Dictatorship .
8. The Development of Soviet Organisation .
9. Conclusion
Economics and Politics in the Era of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat (October 1919)” http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1919/oct/30.htm

Rosa Luxemburg
The Beginning”
http://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1918/11/18b.htm

Session Six
Leon Trotsky
Terrorism and Communism [Dictatorship versus Democracy]: A Reply to Karl Kautsky
http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/works/1920/dictatorvs/index.htm


Commentaries Due
Session Seven
Henri Lefebvre “Terrorism and Everyday Life” from Everyday Life in the Modern World

Session Eight
Noam Chomsky
9-11

Session Nine
Against All Enemies: Inside America's War on Terror
Richard Clarke
ISBN: 0743260457, Paperback, 352pp, September 2004, The Free Press

Session Ten
Against All Enemies: Inside America's War on Terror
Richard Clarke

Session Eleven
Jean Bethke Elshtain
Just War Against Terror: The Burden of American Power in a Violent World

Session Twelve
Jean Bethke Elshtain
Just War Against Terror: The Burden of American Power in a Violent World

Session Thirteen
Anonymous
Imperial Hubris: Why the West Is Losing the War on Terror

Session Fourteen
Anonymous
Imperial Hubris: Why the West Is Losing the War on Terror

Session Fifeteen
Commentaries due


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