The Uses of Terror
Tuesday,
2-4:15
Room
NH 111B
2:00PM
- 4:20PM
Fall
2004
Department
of Social Science & Cultural Studies
Pratt
Institute
B. Ricardo Brown, Ph.D.
Department of Social Science & Cultural
Studies
Office:
Dekalb 419
Office
Phone: 1.718.636.3567, ext. 2709
Office
Hours: Monday 1:00pm-1:55pm and 4:30pm-5:30pm,
Tuesday 1:00pm-1:55pm
and
by appointment
Email:
brbrowniii@earthlink.com
URL:
http://www.geocities.com/brbgc
Blog: http://node801.blogspot.com
_______________________________________________________________________
__Course
Description__
The weapon of the
Republic is terror, the strength of the republic is virtue. Virtue:
for without it, terror is corruptible; terror: for without it, virtue
is powerless. Terror is an outgrowth of virtue; it is more than
swift, rigorous, and inflexible justice. Some say terror is the
weapon of a despotic government, therefore ours resembles despotism.
Certainly, but in the way a sword in the hand of a hero of freedom
resembles a saber in the hand of a tyrants minion. If a tyrant rules
his animal-like subjects through terror, that is his right as a
despot. If you destroy through terror the enemies of freedom, you,
founders of the Republic, are no less right. The Revolutionary
government is the despotism of freedom against tyranny. Spare the
Royalists! Certain people cry. Spare the wicked? No! Spare the
innocent, spare the weak, spare the unfortunate, spare humanity!
Only the peaceful citizen deserves the protection of society. In a
republic only republicans are citizens, royalists and foreigners are
enemies. To punish the oppressors of mankind is kindness --- to
pardon them is barbarity. “Robspierre” in Georg
Buchner's Danton's Death in Henry J. Schmidt, trans. and ed.
1977. Georg Buchner: The Complete Collected Works. New York:
Avon. Pgs 27-29.
This
course poses a number of questions concerning the origins and uses of
terror. What is the relation between terror and Enlightenment? Is
terror an essential part of the modern State? If this is true, when
did terror become transformed from an instrument of State power to
being a weapon against the State? Did this transformation actually
ever occur or do we simply misunderstand the history of terror? What
is the distinction between terror and terrorism? Rather than
thinking about waging a war on terror, is it possible to consider the
relation of war and terror without considering the rise of the state,
the division of labor, and the integration of the world economy?
The
readings for this course will concern these and other questions from
within the context of the history of the West.
__Course
Requirements__
Presentations
and Commentaries
Students
are expected to give at least one presentation during the semester on
the readings for the class. One person per required reading. The
presenter will prepare a two page typed commentary (approximately 650
– 700 words), which will be read or summarized in class.
Copies will be distributed at the beginning of class (those
presenting must see me immediately before class so that copies can be
prepared (or bring your own copies to class). Those not presenting
should prepare their comments after the class, including a commentary
on the presentations for the week (three pages or approximately 1000
words). At the end of the semester, each student should have a
collection of 12 weeks of readings (approximately 39 pages) and 1
three page presentation. The commentaries will be collected 3 times
during the semester.
Or
to put it another way:
If
you are presenting a commentary:
Prepare
two typed pages to be read or summarized to the class (650 -700
words).
Meet
me in my office immediately before class in order to make copies for
the class.
If
you are not presenting a commentary:
Prepare
an approximately 1000 word commentary (typed) on the reading and the
in-class commentary on the reading.
The
presentations and commentaries will account for 50 percent.
Short
Essay
A
short essay (5-10 pages) will be due at the end of the course. The
essay question will be distributed at the final class and will be 40
percent of the final grade.
Class
Participation
Education
is not a one way street and we can not expect to simply passively
receive knowledge unless we expect to live a passive life.
Participation is mandatory and will be factored into the final grade
(10 percent).
Absences
and Lateness
Persistent
absences or lateness will result in a reduction of your final grade.
Incompletes
Incompletes
will be granted only in accordance with the established policy of the
college. The request must be made in advance of the last week of
class. It must be made in writing and the standard incomplete
contract submitted to the Department Chair before the last week of
the semester. An
incomplete is “available only if the student has been in
regular attendance, has satisfied all but the final requirements of
the course, and has furnished satisfactory proof that the work was
not completed because of illness or other circumstances beyond
control” (Pratt
Institute Bulletin).
If you do not
turn in your paper on time, and you do not have an approved
incomplete, you will fail the course. If
you do not complete your work be the beginning of the next semester,
I will not issue a change of grade except under the most
extraordinary circumstances.
For
stylistic questions, William Strunk and E.B. White’s Elements
of Style is highly
recommended.
__Texts__
Georg
Buchner. Henry J. Schmidt, trans. and ed. 1977. The
Complete Collected Works. New
York: Avon.
Maximilien Robespierre “The
Political Philosopy of Terror”
http://www.worldfuturefund.org/wffmaster/Reading/Communism/ROBESPIERRE'S%20SPEECH.htm
Karl
Marx
Capital
Volume One
Part
IV: Production of Relative Surplus Value, Chapter XIII “Co-operation”
Nietzsche
Genealogy of Morals: A Polemic
http://www.mala.bc.ca/~johnstoi/Nietzsche/genealogy2.htm
Leon
Trotsky
Terrorism
and Communism [Dictatorship versus Democracy]: A Reply to Karl
Kautsky
http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/works/1920/dictatorvs/index.htm
V. I. Lenin
“The Immediate Tasks of the
Soviet Government”
http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1918/mar/x03.htm
6. The Organisation of
Competition
7. “Harmonious
Organisation” and Dictatorship .
8. The Development of Soviet
Organisation .
9. Conclusion
“Our Revolution”
http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1923/jan/16.htm
“Economics and Politics in
the Era of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat (October 1919)”
http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1919/oct/30.htm
Rosa Luxemburg
“The Beginning”
http://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1918/11/18b.htm
Michel
Foucault “Revolutionary Action” in LC-MT, “A
Conversation with Maoists”
E.V. Walter Policies of Violence:
from Montesquieu to the Terrorists in The Critical Spirit: Essays
in Honor of Herbert Marcuse (Boston: Beacon Press) Kurt Wolff and
Barrington Moore. 1968.
Henri Lefebvre “Terrorism
and Everyday Life” from Everyday Life in the Modern World
Anonymous
Imperial Hubris: Why the West
Is Losing the War on Terror
ISBN: 1574888498, Hardcover,
352pp, July 2004, Brassey's, Inc.
Richard Clarke
Against All Enemies: Inside
America's War on Terror
ISBN: 0743260457, Paperback,
352pp, September 2004, The Free Press
Noam Chomsky
9-11
ISBN: 1583224890, Paperback,
96pp, November 2001, Seven Stories Press
BBC Documentary Archive
Making Terror, Breaking Terror
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/programmes/archive/020819_terror.shtml
Caleb Carr
The Lessons of Terror: A
History of Warfare Against Civilians
ISBN: 0375760741,Revised &
Updated Edition, Paperback, 301pp, March 2003, Random House
Publishing
Jean Bethke Elshtain
Just War Against
Terror: The Burden of American Power in a Violent World
ISBN: 0465019110, Paperback,
272pp, August 2004, Basic Books
__Outline of the Course of
Study__
Session
One
Introduction
to the Course
Session
Two
E.V. Walter “Policies of
Violence: from Montesquieu to the Terrorists” from The
Critical Spirit: Essays in Honor of Herbert Marcuse (Boston:
Beacon Press) Kurt Wolff and Barrington Moore. 1968.
Maximilien Robespierre
“The Political Philosopy of
Terror”
http://www.worldfuturefund.org/wffmaster/Reading/Communism/ROBESPIERRE'S%20SPEECH.htm
F.
Nietzsche Genealogy of Morals: A Polemic
http://www.mala.bc.ca/~johnstoi/Nietzsche/genealogy2.htm
Making Terror, Breaking Terror
BBC Documentary Archive
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/programmes/archive/020819_terror.shtml
Session
Three
Caleb Carr
The Lessons of Terror: A
History of Warfare Against Civilians
Session Four
Caleb Carr
The Lessons of Terror: A
History of Warfare Against Civilians
Session
Five
V. I. Lenin
“The Immediate Tasks of the
Soviet Government”
6. The Organisation of
Competition
http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1918/mar/x03.htm
7. “Harmonious
Organisation” and Dictatorship .
8. The Development of Soviet
Organisation .
9. Conclusion
“Economics
and Politics in the Era of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat
(October 1919)”
http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1919/oct/30.htm
Rosa Luxemburg
“The Beginning”
http://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1918/11/18b.htm
Session
Six
Leon
Trotsky
Terrorism
and Communism [Dictatorship versus Democracy]: A Reply to Karl
Kautsky
http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/works/1920/dictatorvs/index.htm
Commentaries Due
Session
Seven
Henri Lefebvre “Terrorism
and Everyday Life” from Everyday Life in the Modern World
Session
Eight
Noam Chomsky
9-11
Session
Nine
Against All Enemies: Inside
America's War on Terror
Richard Clarke
ISBN:
0743260457, Paperback, 352pp, September
2004, The Free Press
Session
Ten
Against All Enemies: Inside
America's War on Terror
Richard Clarke
Session
Eleven
Jean Bethke Elshtain
Just War Against
Terror: The Burden of American Power in a Violent World
Session
Twelve
Jean Bethke Elshtain
Just War Against
Terror: The Burden of American Power in a Violent World
Session
Thirteen
Anonymous
Imperial Hubris: Why the West
Is Losing the War on Terror
Session
Fourteen
Anonymous
Imperial Hubris: Why the West
Is Losing the War on Terror
Session
Fifeteen
Commentaries
due

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