The Branches of Science
The Physical Sciences
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Physics:
Physics is the science of Nature in the broadest sense.
Physicists study the behavior and properties of matter in a wide variety of
contexts, ranging from the sub-microscopic particles from which all ordinary
matter is made (particle physics) to the behavior of the material Universe
as a whole (cosmology). Albert Einstein, a famous physicist, developed
the Theory of Relativity (which is E=mc2
).Physics is the
science of Nature in the broadest sense. Physicists study the behavior and
properties of matter in a wide variety of contexts, ranging from the
sub-microscopic particles from which all ordinary matter is made (particle
physics) to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole (cosmology).
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Chemistry:
Chemistry is the science of matter and its interactions
with energy and itself . Because of the diversity of matter, which is mostly
in the form of atoms, chemists often study how atoms interact to form
molecules and how molecules interact with each other. It is also the science
that deals with the composition, properties, reactions, and the structure of
matter. The chemist Louis Pasteur, for example, discovered pasteurization,
which is the process of heating liquids such as milk and orange juice to
kill harmful germs.
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Astronomy:
Astronomy, which etymologically means "law of the
stars," is a science involving the observation and explanation of events
occurring outside Earth and its atmosphere. It studies the origins,
evolution, physical and chemical properties of objects that can be observed
in the sky (and are outside the earth), as well as the processes involving
them.
The Earth Sciences
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Geology:
The science of the origin, history, and structure of the
Earth, and the physical, chemical, and biological changes that it has
experienced or is experiencing.
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Oceanography:
The exploration and study of the ocean.
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Palaeontology:
The science of the forms of life that existed in
prehistoric or geologic periods.
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Meteorology:
The science that deals with the atmosphere and its
phenomena, such as weather and climate.
The Life Sciences (Biology)
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Botany:
Botany is the scientific study of plant life. As a branch of
biology, it is also sometimes referred to as plant science (s) or plant
biology. Botany covers a wide range of scientific disciplines that study the
growth, reproduction, metabolism, development, diseases, and evolution of
plants.
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Zoology: It is the scientific study of animal life. Zoological
sciences include the studies of evolution, systematics, cell biology,
biochemistry, micro and macro anatomy, development, genetics, physiology,
ecology, biogeography, biodiversity, behavior and sociobiology.
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Genetics:
The study of heredity. The field of science that looks at how traits are
passed down from one generation to another, through the genes.
Medicine:
Medicine is a branch of health science concerned with restoring and maintaining
health. Broadly, it is the practical science of preventing and
curing diseases. However, medicine often refers more specifically to matters
dealt with by physicians and surgeons. The science of diagnosing, treating, and
preventing illness, disease, and injury.
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