Documentation APA System

What to document

  1. all quotations
     
     
  2. any paraphrased information that you found only in one source. Material that is repeated in more than one source, such as definitions of terms or basic concepts, does not have to be documented.

Two steps in documentation

  1. Textual reference must provide sufficient information for the reader to locate the source in the list of References at the end of your paper. The author's last name (or short title if no author is listed) and the date are usually given.
     
    Example: Each box of cereal lists its ingredients by descending weight in product makeup, which means breakfast may well be a bowl of sugar (Carey, 1989).
     
     
  2. The reference list is alphabetized according to the author's last name (or title if no author is given) and includes information about publication. You must have an entry for every source mentioned in your paper. Double-space and indent 5 spaces after the first line of each entry. Follow the format below for the appropriate source given below.
     

Books

References

 
 

One author

    

Fox, M.A. (1986). The case for animal experimentation: An evolutionary and ethical perspective. Berkeley: University of California Press.


 


 

2 or 3 authors

Fairholme, E.G & Pain, W. (1924). A century of work for animals: The history of the RSPCA. London: J. Murray.


 


 

More than two authors

Hendee, W.R., Loeb, J.M., Schwarz, M.R., & Smith, S.J. (1988). Use of animals in biomedical research: The challenge and responsibility. Chicago: American Medical Association.


 


 

Corporate author

International Conference on the Biology of Whales. (1974). The whale problem: A status report. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.


 


 

Editor

Regan, T. (Ed.). (1986). Animal sacrifices: Religious perspectives on the use of animals in science. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.


 


 

Essay or article
in a collection

Daws, G. (1983) "Animal liberation' as crime: The Hawaii dolphin case. In H.B. Miller & W.H. Williams (Eds.), Ethics and animals (pp. 361-371). Clifton, NJ: Humana Press.


 


 

 
 

Periodicals


 


 


 

Magazine article

Comfort, N.C. (1989, September-December). Can you love animals and kill them? Utne Reader, pp. 46-4..


 


 

Magazine article
no author

Transgenic animals: Direct delivery. (1 July 1989). Economist, pp. 70-71.


 


 

Scholarly journal

Dumas, C. (1989). Cognitive development in kittens. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 103, 191-200.


 


 

Newspaper article

Venant,E., & Treadwell, D. (1990, April 12). Biting back: Animal researchers, industries go on offensive against increasingly militant activists. The Los Angeles Times, sec. E, pp. 12-13.


 


 

 
 

Reference Books


 


 


 

Encyclopedia
signed article

Zaslow, R.W. (1984). Bonding and attachment. In R.J. Corsini (Ed.), Encyclopedia of psychology (pp. 160-162). New York: Wiley.


 


 

Encyclopedia
unsigned article

Hypnosis. Encyclopaedia britannica: Micropedia, 1985 ed.

 


 

 

Source: Strenki, E and Manfred, M. (1992). The Research Paper Workbook. 3rd ed. New York: Longman.

Adapted from various sources - individuals & the Internet
 

 

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