A Non Sequitor is when a conclusion is formed but unlogical compared to the premises used to support it.
Such as... I hate the rain.
I am a man.
Conclusion: All men hate the rain.
The last statement made sense compared to the first two premises. The premise I hate the rain with I am a man doesn't mean that all men should hate the rain, it is just my opinion of the rain.
A false or vague premise is when the premises are not true, or they are ambiguous. The conclusion can follow logically, but they premises are not true.
Evolution means man evolved from animals. Christians believe man was created by God. Therefore Christians do not believe in evolution.(The example above is from our reading book.)
This is a vague premise because there is no explanation of the relationship between Science and Religion. This could be true for some who look literally at the bible, but do not look at science as truth. Others may not believe in the Creation Stories, but they might believe in evolution.
Ad Hominem is an attack on one of the peoples in the conversation.
Bob:I love mornings. George: Mornings suck! Bob:You suck.Because Bob feels threatened by the comment that morning suck he attacks George as a person rather then trying to explain his rationality behind his thought of why mornings are good.
He is so cool. Why is he cool? Because he is.The first speaker thinks someone is cool, but when asked why he doesn't give an actual answer, just one that might make the question go away for time being.
A common bumper sticker is: "Against Abortion? Don't have one."This message trys to lead the reader away from thinking of the morality issues of the subject of abortion to the personal actions of the people. These comments do not help solve the problem of the morality of the action but whether the reader does it or not.